readx;? Zu Geng died of illness in the eleventh year of his reign, and the third brother Zu Jia was able to succeed to the throne. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

After Zu Geng's death, his younger brother Zu Jia returned to the imperial capital and inherited the throne, inheriting his demeanor of following the etiquette system.

Zu Jia once lived among the commoners and understood the suffering of the commoners, he restricted the exploitation and plundering of the people by the nobles of all sizes, and even revised the "Tang Punishment" to restrict these unfilial descendants with severe punishment. As a result, the nobles were dissatisfied with Zu Jia and made things difficult, and the internal contradictions became increasingly acute.

During this period, Zu Geng played a transitional role in connecting the past and the future. In the Shang Dynasty after Zu Jia, the national power gradually declined, and finally went to extinction. During the more than 100 years of the reign of Wu Ding, Zu Geng and Zu Jia, it was the heyday of the Shang Dynasty. During this period, the dominance and national prestige of the Shang Dynasty spread far and wide, and the Central Plains civilization represented by bronze was also very brilliant.

Zujia, reigned: year.

Zu Jia, and Jia, or Emperor Jia, the surname of the son, the name Zai, the twenty-fourth monarch of the Shang Dynasty.

In the year, Wu Ding's son and Zu Geng's younger brother Zu Jia inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty, with Yin (Anyang, Henan) as the capital.

In the twelfth year of Zujia, Taijia conquered one of the Xirong, Danshanrong.

At the beginning, the Shang king Yangjia once crusaded against Danshanrong and failed. This is the second expedition after more than 100 years.

In the winter of that year, he returned to his division in victory, and Danshan was brought under the rule of the Shang Dynasty.

In the thirteenth year of Zujia, other states of Xirong came to express their submission. It shows that at this time, the prosperous era created by Wu Ding of the Shang Dynasty has reached its peak.

As mentioned earlier, Zu Jia's advantage over Zu Geng is flexibility, and Zu Geng's advantage is stability.

When Zu Geng was alive, all political measures were effective measures that Wu Ding had formulated, and he had not shown too many concealments, so Zu Geng Xiao followed the rules and Cao Sui, and he could handle the major affairs of the court and politics with ease, which is also the biggest expectation of all politicians, that is, the heir can also pursue his own governance strategy.

The advantage of Zujia is flexibility, which is probably the most unpopular characteristic of the heirs, because they have their own governance strategies, and often modify the measures of their predecessors, without rules and regulations. And once reformed, it can be a mixed blessing.

When it comes time for the monarch of each dynasty to choose an heir, he is faced with two choices: whether to choose a flexible heir or a clumsy heir. In fact, there are too many of these two options in later history, and each has its own lessons.

Because of his flexible character, Zu Jia will not put the ancestors' laws in his eyes, and can objectively observe the benefits, so he dares to revise the laws, but this objectivity is limited by each person's knowledge, so it may only be subjective rhapsody, so this point is the biggest disadvantage of the reform, and it is also a practice criticized by later generations of Confucian scholars.

In order to repay the merits of their ancestors, merchants practiced sacrifices, but the objects and order of sacrifices were very scattered, and there were no certain rules.

After Zujia ascended the throne, he created the method of "Zhou Sacrifice", and the specific method is: starting from the first day of the first day of each year, according to the order of the heavenly stems of the Shang King and his legal spouse and the temple number, the three main sacrifices of feathers, gangs, and three main sacrifices are used to worship for a week. The weekly sacrifice is based on the ten-day unit, and every ten days is in the order of the heavenly stem of the king and the temple number, and the heavenly stem on the day of the sacrifice must be consistent with the temple number. For example, on the first day of the first month, the first day of the first day of the sacrifice of the first day, the second day of the sacrifice of the first day, the second day of the sacrifice of the first day, the second day of the sacrifice, the third day of the sacrifice of the first day, the third day of the sacrifice of the first day, the third day of the sacrifice of the third day, In this way, the sacrifice was carried out until Zu Geng, the brother of Zu Jia. It takes ninety years to use a sacrificial method to sacrifice the ancestors and kings from Shangjia to Zu Geng. After the sacrifice is completed, the other two sacrifices are used to worship until all the sacrifices are completed. The method of Zhou sacrifice made the sacrifice system of the Yin people more strictly standardized, so it prevailed in the second half of the Shang Dynasty and gradually reached its peak. The method of weekly sacrifice founded by Zujia is the best embodiment of ancestor worship and religious system. In ancient civilizations, all major ethnic groups had their own sacrificial systems, and the sacrificial methods of Zhou and ancient Babylon and ancient Egypt were different, which was a unique sacrificial system in ancient China.

The establishment of the law of Zhou sacrifice won the welcome of his subjects, and under this encouragement, in the twenty-fourth year of Zujia, Taijia officially launched the revision of the "Tang Punishment", and the authority of Tang made Taijia's work difficult.

The king is in the opposition, and he is on the throne, knows the dependence of the villain, can protect the common people, and does not regret widowhood. At the end of the day, the punishment is carried away, and the Yin Dao is declining

Zu Jia once lived among the commoners and understood the suffering of the commoners, he restricted the exploitation and plundering of the people by the nobles of all sizes, and even revised the "Tang Punishment" to restrict these unfilial descendants with severe punishment. As a result, the nobles were dissatisfied with Taijia and made things difficult, and the internal contradictions became increasingly acute.

Zu Jia's intentions were good, but it was a pity that his revision of Tang Xing undermined the authority of the commercial law, made the nobles no longer have any reverence, and the political struggle became more and more acute. The turmoil at the top of the political hierarchy has led to the frenzied oppression of the people at the bottom by grassroots officials. Social rule is in chaos.

In the later period of Zujia's reign, the Silkworm Cong tribe did not succumb to the oppression of the Shang Dynasty, and led the tribe to resist, but the weak were not strong, and the Minshan Mountains were killed in battle, and the clansmen fled in all directions.

From the "Chinese": "King Xuan (Emperor Zhongzong Taipeng) was diligent in business, four out of ten, Emperor Jia (Zujia) was in chaos, and the seventh generation died." ”。 It can be seen that later Confucian scholars blamed the cause of Shang's demise on Zu Jia's destruction of Tang Fa.

Liesing, reigned for years.

Di Xin, Feng Xin, or Pingxin, the surname of the son, the name first, the twenty-fifth monarch of the Shang Dynasty.

In the year, Zu Jia's son Di Xin inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty, with Yin (Anyang, Henan) as the capital.

At the beginning of the succession of the Shang king, the Qiang side rose again in present-day Shaanxi and Gansu, and the silkworm cong tribe that rose up in the late period of Zujia's reign also joined the power alliance of the Qiang side, repeatedly violating the Shang Dynasty, often causing great losses to the Shang army, and becoming the focus of the Shang Dynasty's military use.

Di Xin decided to use troops to pacify Xirong.

In view of the strong armed forces of the Qiang side, Shang Wang Liao Xin carried out comprehensive planning and arrangement before the war, on the one hand, he ordered the garrison army to temporarily avoid the enemy's front and wait for the opportunity to move, and on the other hand, he organized elite troops to reinforce in a timely manner to resist the Qiang invasion.

Due to the active defensive strategy, Gengding's war against the Qiang side won the final victory, breaking up the Silkworm Cong tribe, capturing and killing the Qiang Fangbo, occupying part of the Qiang land, and sending the five tribes close to the royal family to defend it.

However, the Qiang side was not destroyed and became a hidden danger. During the reign of Wu Yi and the kings that followed, there were still frequent skirmishes with the Qiang. When King Wu of Zhou attacked, the Qiang side even participated in the coalition army to destroy the Shang.

During the reign of Di Xin, some Western tribes of Fang also continued to attack the Shang Dynasty, and Di Xin sent troops to conquer many times, and also recruited several tribes such as Wei, Hu, and Shou to send troops to attack. However, the Fang tribe was never conquered.

After his death, he was succeeded by his younger brother Gengding.