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In Zhang Jiashi's thoughts, the emergence of such an organization as the Knights is similar to the fact that later generations of Germans opened organizations such as the so-called Flying Clubs after their defeat in World War I to train pilots of a certain quality. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

But for Zhang Jiashi, it is difficult to completely copy the situation of such an organization as the Order in the East.

Especially in terms of influence in some aspects, Zhang Jiashi does not think that the current Great Qin Empire has such a foundation.

Because the emergence and development of the Order of Knights is to a large extent very closely related to religion.

And China's first military force with a religious background may have to be the first to push the army controlled by Zhang Lu, one of the heroes of the late Han Dynasty, in the history known to Zhang Jiashi.

Of course, if the Yellow Turbans also have a religious background, then in this case, the Yellow Turbans will take precedence.

Although Zhang Jiao and others are religious themselves, Zhang Jiao even founded the Taiping Dao. However, there is a fundamental difference between the Yellow Turban Army itself and the army under Zhang Lu, where many people believe in the Five Bucket Rice Dao. At the beginning of the Yellow Turban Army, many of the so-called Qu Shuai were not believers in Taiping Dao at all.

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Zhang Jiao regarded the Yellow Sky as the supreme god, believing that the Yellow God opened the world and created human beings. He also believed in the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu, and believed that the world at the time of the Yellow Emperor was a peaceful world and the most beautiful thing for human beings. In this peaceful world, there is no exploitation and oppression, no hunger, cold and disease, no fraud and theft, and everyone is free and happy. On this basis, Zhang Jiao put forward the ideal of "to Taiping". This is also the basic doctrine and religious ideal of Taiping Dao.

Background of the establishment of Taiping Road: In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the politics were dark and the people's livelihood withered. In the imperial court, eunuchs and relatives took turns to deceive and disrupt the government; in the localities, powerful landlords and separatist warlords committed crimes. In addition, there have been successive disasters and famines, resulting in human tragedies of "death pillowing" and "cannibalism". It was in this situation that the vast number of people were suffering and had no way out, Zhang Jiao, a giant deer from Jizhou, founded the Taiping Dao, formed the Yellow Turban Army, and put forward the ideal of "bringing peace to the peace", educating the people with good Taoism, and overthrowing the dark reactionary rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty as the goal. From an impartial point of view, the Yellow Turban Army is undoubtedly a righteous act. After 10 months of fighting, the Yellow Turbans were defeated due to lack of experience.

After the defeat of the Yellow Turban Army, it was replaced by various warlords who started by suppressing the Yellow Turbans in the name of "Fengtianzi", and then formed the trend of the Three Kingdoms.

The teachings of the Taiping Tao are roughly as follows: the Great Dao, the Five Elements of Yin and Yang, and the Talisman Mantra. "The sky is dead, the yellow sky should stand, the age is in Jiazi, and the world is auspicious. The method of preaching is: "The teacher holds the nine-section scepter as a blessing, and teaches the sick to kowtow and think, because he drinks the water of the charm, and if he is sick or cured by the day, then the person believes in the Tao, and if he does not heal, he does not believe." ”

Order: Great Sage and Good Teacher Zhang Jiao, Huang Tian Zhang Jiao, Tiangong General Zhang Jiao. Taiping Dao organizes believers in "squares" as units, and each side is led by "Qu Shuai". There are more than 10,000 people in the big square, and six or seven thousand in the small side. A total of 36 parties were built.

However, it is obvious that the Yellow Turban Army grew rapidly and became a force that shook the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

He said: "At the beginning, Julu Zhang Jiao called himself a great sage and good teacher, serving 'Huang Lao Dao, raising disciples' and kneeling down to worship the head; Horn sent eight disciples to the Quartet, with good Taoism to educate the world, turn to bewilder, more than ten years, hundreds of thousands of disciples, connecting the county, since Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan, Yu into the state of the people are all responding. ”

The note says: "Zhang Jiao is Taiping Road. Taiping Dao: The teacher holds the nine-section scepter as a blessing, and teaches the patient to kowtow and think, because he drinks the water of the charm, and if he is sick or heals himself, then the cloud believes in this person; ”

Said: "At the beginning, when Emperor Shun, Langya Palace Chongzhi Que, his teacher Yu Ji obtained one hundred and seventy volumes of divine books on Quyang Spring Water, all of which were ethereal and white Su Zhu Jie, Qingshou Zhu Mu, and his words were based on the five lines of Yin and Yang and many witches. There is a priest who worships the demons and does not pass through, but collects them. Hou Zhang Jiao is quite bookish. ”

said: "Lao Tzu, the great sage who has attained the Tao, and the one who is the teacher of Youming." The response changes with the party, and the success is hidden and permanent. There is no place to live, and Chang Yuan is not there. ...... Circulating the six voids, educating the three realms, coming out of the world's law, being in the world's law, doing nothing and doing nothing, all of them are investigated. ”

The beginning of the "Taiping Dao" originated from the service of the "Huang Lao Dao"; its main scriptures are; its development is based on the good Taoism and the healing of diseases with water, and in the past ten years, hundreds of thousands of disciples have spread all over the eight states.

It is the main classic of Huang Lao Dao. As a work of Huang Lao Dao, it is based on the Taoist thought of Lao Tzu and other Huang Lao Liezhuang. However, it was written in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, so the ideas in the book were also influenced by the theology of the Han Dynasty at that time. That is to say, it is not done for a moment, nor is it done for a change of people.

It is an important document for Taoism to evolve from Lao Zhuang thought to religion, mainly combining the five elements of yin and yang with Lao Zhuang, and at the same time putting on the coat of mythology.

The idea basically maintains Lao Tzu's point of view. In terms of the knowledge of all things. Inheriting the philosophical ideas of the Taoist Yuanqi theory of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, he believed that the original principle of the world was "Yuanqi", and everything was generated by the changes of "Yuanqi", and at the same time, he also put forward the "three-injunction" view of "sun, Taiyin, and neutralization". In terms of politics and social morality, politics advocates equal wealth. In practice, it advocates reversing the original.

Combining Confucianism and Taoism, social morality advocates "loyalty and filial piety". At the same time, it also further puts forward the idealistic viewpoint of "the unity of heaven and man", which is mixed in content, involving heaven and earth, yin and yang, five elements, ten branches, disasters, immortals, etc., which has a profound impact on the development of Huang Laodao's thought, and has an extremely important position in the history of Taoist thought.

There are four main contents:

Inheriting the Tao of Lao Tzu and the traditional belief in the gods of heaven, he reconstructed the theological thought system of the early Huang Laodao, that is, the theological thought of the unity of heaven and man, and put forward the concepts of immortality, gods in the body, and seeking eternal life.

He put forward a set of ruling techniques for the emperor to govern the Taiping, based on the theory of the five elements of yin and yang, and the Laozi doctrine of "doing nothing and doing nothing" as the governing principle.

As for the cultivation methods of the believers, they put forward the methods of dividing the grain, eating qi, taking medicine, nourishing nature, returning to the mind, in the room, acupuncture, divination, kanyu, taboos, etc., and at the same time, they also attached importance to charms, preaching that taking charms can drive away evil spirits and seek blessings, cure diseases and live forever, and require believers to adhere to activities such as fasting, first passing, praying, prostrating and chanting.

He put forward the concept of retribution for good and evil, believing that if human beings do too much evil, heaven and earth will bring disasters and disasters to future generations. Therefore, we are telling the world to do good deeds and accumulate virtues, and to believe in the correct way, so that we can cut off disasters and become immortals.

It is believed that the sun, the yin, and the neutral three qi are in harmony and incarnate all things, so in nature, the sun, the yin, and the neutral three qi are indispensable.

He said: "The sun, the yin, and the neutral three qi are the same reason, and they are even more moved", "Therefore, if the pure yang is pure, the earth will not be fulfilled, and if the pure yin is pure, the sky will not be able to live." When the three are unified, yin and yang are compatible, and they are also in the middle. The ancients and sages were peaceful, and they all sought the heart of heaven and earth to be neutralized. "Only when the mutual harmony of yin and yang produces neutralizing qi and gives birth to all things together, can there be peace in nature.

This is what is said to be "the weather is pleasant, the earth is happy, the two gases are connected, and for the neutralization of the qi, the mutual nourishment of all things, no harm, so it is called peace".

He also said: "The three qi merge into the Taihe qi." Taihe is out of peace. Cut off these three gases, one breath will never reach, too harmony will not come, and peace will not come out. Yin and Yang should be neutralized. Neutralize the anger, all things breed, and the people are in harmony. “

The "Taihe" here refers to the harmony of the three qi of "Taiyin, Sun and Zhonghe", while "Taiping" refers to the harmony of the three qi and the balance, that is, the balance of the natural ecosystem. In other words, the harmony achieved by the fusion of the three qi is harmony, and then the balance of the natural ecosystem can be realized.

It is further pointed out that human beings are a part of all things in nature, and they are also born of the neutral qi of nature, that is, "heaven, earth, and man are the same vitality, and they are divided into three bodies." He also said: "Heaven, earth, people, and all things are governed together, and if it is good, it will be happy, and if it is evil, it will be bitter, so it is especially the same." In other words, heaven, earth, and man are all part of the natural world, and they themselves have a symbiotic and co-prosperous relationship, so they must respect each other and live in harmony.

It's just that it is obvious that Zhang Jiao's and Huang Laodao are two different things, and Huang Laodao's has nothing to do with rebellion no matter how you look at it.

In fact, what Zhang Jiao taught has become a demagogic doctrine.

Judging from the relevant experiences of Tang Zhou and Ma Yuanyi, Zhang Jiao's two apprentices, Zhang Jiao's anti-Han is actually a fact accumulated by heart.

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The Five Bucket Rice Dao is also called the Heavenly Master Dao, or the name of the Five Bucket Rice Dao in later generations, which has mainly become the Heavenly Master Dao.

Zhang Daoling is the founder of Wudou Midao.

Zhang Daoling, whose name is auxiliary Han, is said to be the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang, the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty. Han Guangwu Jianwu was born in Afang Village, Feng County, before he was born, his mother dreamed that Kuixing was descending, and she felt pregnant. Zhang Zu was born on May 18, and when he was born, the room was full of different fragrances, and the whole month did not disperse, and the yellow clouds covered the top, and the purple air was in the courtyard. Since childhood, he has been very intelligent, and he has read through at the age of seven, and he knows all the books of astronomy and geography and Heluo Zhiwei.

Zhang Zu was twenty-five years old, and he was an official who worshiped the Jiangzhou order. And he was in the government, admired Qingxu, and soon lived in seclusion in the north of Luoyang, pondered and learned the Tao, practiced for three years, and came to his place with a jade talisman from the mouth of the white tiger.

In the early years of Yongyuan, Emperor Han and Emperor gave him the title of Taifu, and was named the Marquis of Ji County, three edicts, Zhang Zu declined, he said to the messenger: "Life is in the world, but a hundred years old, time flies, and it will pass in an instant." The parents are long, and the wives and concubines are lovely, and they will disappear at any time. Please tell the Holy Lord, as long as you are quiet and have few desires, and rule by doing nothing, the world will naturally be decided, what use do you want me to be?

Zhang's ancestor traveled south to the Huai River, lived in Tongbai Taiping Mountain, and later crossed the river south with his disciple Wang Chang and lived in Yunjin Mountain, Guixi County, Jiangxi. The mountains and rivers here are beautiful, the scenery is quiet, it is the place where the ancient immortals dwell, Zhang Zu settled on the mountain and dwelt, and built the altar for alchemy, and the god pill became in three years; the dragon and tiger appeared, so the mountain is also called the dragon and tiger mountain. Zhang Zu was 60 years old at the time, and later moved to Heming Mountain in Sichuan, where he felt the stone crane singing for a long time.

On the fifteenth day of the first month of the first year of Emperor Han'an of Han Shun, legend has it that Taishang Laojun descended to Shu and taught Zhang Zu, the jade seal of Sanwu Dugong, the male and female sword and other scriptures and magic weapons, worshiped as the heavenly master, and instructed the heavenly master to widely practice the way of Zhengyi Alliance, sweep away demons, and save the people.

So in July of the second year of Han'an, the Heavenly Master climbed Qingcheng Mountain, met eight ghosts, fought all the ghosts, subdued the demons of the outer way, and punished the evil hypocrisy. The Heavenly Master Dao is through the Xuan, the demons can not be defeated, each surrenders, willing to take refuge in the right way, so the Heavenly Master ordered the five directions, eight departments and six heavenly ghosts and gods, in Qingcheng Mountain under the Yellow Emperor altar swearing, people are in the yang, ghosts are in the netherworld, so that the six heavenly ghost kings are imprisoned in the capital of the North Yin, and the eight ghosts are exiled to the border of the Western Regions. Since then, the demons have surrendered, the people are happy, and there are still historic sites such as the oath ghost platform and the ghost boundary monument where the heavenly master and the ghosts are fighting in Qingcheng Mountain.

The people of Shu were very moved and willing to listen to the teachings of the Heavenly Master. So the Heavenly Master set up twenty-four rulers, recruited disciples, and educated the people. On September 9, the first year of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the Quting Mountain of Chicheng, Sichuan, God sent a messenger to hold a jade book and enshrine the Heavenly Master as a true person, and the Heavenly Master lived one hundred and twenty-three years old, and Cangxi Yuntai Mountain soared in the daytime.

Zhang Daoling, originally named Zhang Ling, later changed its name to the present name. This is a scholar of Taixue, studious, Bo Wujing, in the way of Huang Lao, at the age of seven can pass the Book of Virtue and Heluo Tu, are extremely mysterious. Grow up to be a learned man. After abandoning the official and learning the Tao. Founded Zhengyi Mengweidao, referred to as Zhengyi. Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty in the first year of Yongshou in Heming Mountain to create a league of prestige, Taishang Laojun "granted three days of the law, life as the heavenly master", called himself "three days of the master is a real person", and compiled 24 Taoist books. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty ascended to Lingtai Mountain in Cangxi County, Sichuan, and legend has it that he was 123 years old at the time, and Taoism called "Ancestral Heavenly Master". Legend has it that the first generation of heavenly master Zhang Daoling learned the Tao from Taishang Laojun and was personally taught by Laojun, who was blessed with a unique and strong Taoism.

The Taoist sect created by the ancestor Heavenly Master is called the way of Zhengyi Alliance, referred to as Zhengyi. But because of the people who follow the Tao, they must produce five buckets of rice, and at that time it was also called the five buckets of rice, so Confucianism can not be called "bacon teaching"!). In addition to writing calligraphy to cure diseases and drive away evil spirits, Zhang Daoling established 24 religious activity centers in the Bashu region, that is, 24 treatments. The Taoist people regularly go to the Taoist school and pray for prayers.

His grandson Zhang Lu had an army at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and during the Three Kingdoms period, and established a **** secession regime in Hanzhong. He also used the power of the political power to promote some social and sectarian ideas of the righteous side, for example, the guilty person should not be severely punished, but forgiven three times before being punished, and the punishment was relatively light, and he was usually allowed to build roads. At the same time, a righteous house is set up on the road, and rice and meat are placed in it, so that passers-by can eat it.

These measures have created a relatively relaxed living environment for the people in the world in a chaotic situation, so they have been supported by the local Han and ethnic minority people.

After Zhang Lu surrendered, "Taizu pulled tens of thousands of households in Han Zhongmin to Chang'an and Sanfu." After Zhang Lu and a large number of Hanzhong parishioners moved north to Sanfu, they took advantage of the Cao Wei regime's leniency towards the Zhang Lu family to spread the Five Dou Rice Dao to the lower and upper classes of society, either explicitly or covertly.

After Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty, to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wudou Midao made great progress, so that the power of Wudou Midao developed to the north and the Central Plains.

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