Moreover, Machiavelli does not completely deny the existence of morality, nor does he advocate complete selfishness or depravity. Machiavelli clearly clarified his definition and the premise of cruelty (it had to be fast, effective, and short-term).

Despite this, the Catholic Church banned the book The Monarch, which was later strongly criticized by humanitarians such as Eras.

The main contribution of the book "The Monarch" in the history of political thought is the radical separation of realism and idealism. Although Machiavelli also emphasized the importance of morality, what a monarch should do is to use good and evil as a means to seize power, not as an end in itself. A wise monarch balances good and evil.

Pragmatism is the main principle that Machiavelli adheres to throughout his work, and a king should use it as a guideline for seizing and maintaining power. Unlike Plato and Aristotle, the "ideal society" was not Macchivelli's goal.

In fact, Machiavelli emphasized that cruel power or rewards should be used when necessary to maintain the status quo of domination.

Machiavelli's assumption of the innate nature of human nature also reflects his belief that brutal power must be used to achieve practical goals. A king should not have complete trust and trust in his subjects.

Although many later generations have misinterpreted Machiavelli's theory as "Machiavellianism", it was a mistaken name, and the term was actually used to describe some of the political writings that appeared in the 16th century.

Because of this misreading, the term Machivellianism is therefore often used in modern times to describe the means to achieve the end. Even extreme political positions actually lead us to ignore the other, more moderate theories in Machivelli's writings.

The book "On the Monarch" was used by Majivi to expound the way of the monarchy, and "On Livy" was used by him to defend the form of government of the republic, and concentrated the essence of all his republican political thought, and "On Livy" is therefore considered to be a companion work of "On the King".

The book summarizes a series of historical lessons, describes how a republic should be formed, and how it should be structured, covering checks and balances and separation of powers, the benefits of the separation of political powers, and the advantages of a republic over a monarchy.

Another explanation for Machiavelli's two works is that The Monarch was written in order to curry favor with the Medici family in order to gain political office, and that On Livy is Machiavelli's real political work.

In On Livy, Machiavelli's political philosophy emerges. It had a profound impact on Rousseau in France. In The Social Contract. Rousseau quoted Machiavelli several times.

Wu Guangyuan (Ph.D., Ph.D., a professor in the Department of Philosophy of the University), is the author of the book "The Devil's Textbook - About Machivelli", and has also done considerable research on literature and history at home and abroad, and has published many articles.

His main works include "Philosophy and Wisdom", "Listening to the Master Lecture on Philosophy", and "Freud - When Man is at His Most Beautiful". That is, when the sexual desire is at its highest!", "Nietzsche—Morality can be servile. Or vain. or self-interested, or blind. Machiavelli – This was and always will be: evil follows good, and good follows evil. "Fromm—it's ridiculous. Man is the only animal in the world that causes trouble for himself. and other books. )

The book reads:

For more than 400 years, the adjective "Machivellian" has been used in the world's mind to mean the same thing as cruel, evil, cunning, and insidious. This adjective comes from one person, i.e., Machivili.

Machiavelli has always been regarded as a symbol of a lewd politician who likes to play tricks, hypocrisy, disregard for morality, and disregard for principles.

The whole philosophy of Machiavelli is explained by the world: "To achieve the end, the means are unscrupulous." It has been believed that Machiavelli's supreme principle is the so-called political expediency, which determines right and wrong by what is gained and what is lost.

In 17th-century England, the term "Old Nick" was popular, meaning the devil and Machiavelli. In other words, his notoriety is on par with the devil.

Whether the world's contempt and accusations against Machiavelli are too harsh, and whether his evaluation is fair, there is room for re-examination.

"The Treatise on Kings" is Machivelli's masterpiece, and Machiavelli's accusations can be said to come mainly from this book.

The book was written in 1513, but it was not published until 1532, five years after the author's death.

From the thirties of the 16th century, "The Treatise on Kings" was all the rage, but at the end of the 50s, it was listed as a banned book, and it was not until the 70s of the 19th century that it was able to restore its reputation and sell well in the world.

Several scholars in Europe believe that for thousands of years, The Treatise on Kings is one of the three books of wisdom written by mankind with eternal value.

Macchivelli, who is known as the father of political science, is a theoretical book on monarchy and political power, and a desk book for monarchs and rulers of all generations.

It is said that King Charles of England loved this book, that Olivier Cromwell treasured a copy of its manuscript, that when King Henry IV of France was killed, it was found that he had a blood-stained "Treatise on Kings" with him, that Archduke Frederick of Prussia used it as the basis for his decision-making, and that Louis XIV, the famous French monarch, would review it every night, saying that he could not sleep without reading it.

Napoleon also never tired of reading the "Treatise of Kings", and when the victorious coalition troops were sweeping the battlefield of Waterloo, they found a copy of "The Treatise of Kings" that he wrote full of criticisms from Napoleon's royal chariot; Hitler often drew strength from it by his bedside; Mussolini called it a guide to statesmen, and it can be said that political leaders all draw the essence of governing the world from "The Treatise of Kings".

Even if they don't admit it, they have "listened" to Macchivelli's teachings in the secret room. Until the 80s of the 20th century, Western public opinion put "On Kings" together with "Bible" and "Capital" as one of the ten works that influenced human history.

The most influential book recommended by 113 Harvard professors —— "The Theory of Kings"

The name of this great man makes any epitaph redundant—— Machivelly's epitaph

Several scholars in Europe believe: For thousands of years, mankind has written three books of wisdom with eternal value: one is "The Treatise on Kings", the second is "The Art of War", and the third is "The Book of Wisdom". —The New York Times

Machiavelli's Treatise on Kings is a bizarre book with mixed reputations and must-read, and has been regarded as the desk book of European monarchs and the supreme guide of statesmen, and has been in print for more than 470 years since 1532, five years after Machivelli's death. From the West to the East. From politics to academia, "On Kings" has aroused widespread discussion and repercussions!

The Treatise on Kings is the most widely read and most frequently cited political science masterpiece of the past 500 years. Since its publication, it has become one of the most controversial and influential books in Western civilization. The authoritarian ideology advocated in the book. It also makes Machivelli's name synonymous with evil. And it has been around for centuries.

This book is based on the ideas of the Treatise on Kings. And with reference to other writings, from the life of Machiavelli, his monarch subjectively. The specific elaboration of his theories, as well as the contemporary application of his theories, discuss Machiavelli's person and his book!

Foreword: The Mystery of the Impossible Guess – Machiavelli.

Chapter 1 – The Wicked Man Who Became Notoriously Noorious.

According to the statistics of Isaiah and Berlin, in more than 400 years, Machiavelli has won at least 20 titles: such as "Devil", "Defender of Power Politics", "Frustrated Officialdom Politician", "Republican Theoretician", "Scientology", etc. Leo Strauss called him "the teacher of sin" and Shakespeare called him "the cruel Macchiavelli"

The Three Dimensions of Interpretation – The Cursed Giant.

Chapter 2 - The Devil's Textbook.

Macchivelli, who is known as the father of political science, is a theoretical book on monarchy and political power, and a desk book for monarchs and rulers of all generations.

The wise words of "evil" in the "Treatise on Kings". Saving the Dead with Hegemony: "On Kings" and "On History".

Chapter 3 - How to rule the world.

Being a monarch requires many factors. Force, the relationship between power and citizenship, some natural temperament, etc., are essential.

Machiavelli believed that only when all the conditions were met could he become a qualified monarch, that is to say, he had the spirit of a king.

Do not be charged with crimes, and establish a good image. Monopoly and control of information dissemination systems.

Chapter 4 - Politics without morality.

Does politics need moral guidance? Does power need ethical restraint? Can the end justify the means? Is power greater than justice?

Is the reason of the state the fundamental basis for governing the country? Is public security the supreme law of governance? Is it a necessary means of political deception?

These are some of the problems that have persisted in political life throughout history, and they are also problems that mankind has not been able to solve until now and that is still plagued by them.

Power Politics Theory. Politics or morality: two different voices. Cult of power. Naked power tricks.

Chapter 5 - Coming Out of Power in the Gun.

Based on the historical experience of ancient Rome and medieval Italy, Machiavelli proposed that military affairs were the only "specialty" of the monarch and an important pillar of national prosperity.

In order to consolidate his power, the monarch must concentrate on war and effectively control military power. There should be no other goals and other considerations other than war, military system, and training.

Rulers who establish a new order will inevitably be destroyed if they are not backed up by their own armed forces. The army and the law are the two pillars of the founding of the country, and without a good army, there can be no good law, and with a good army, there must be good law.

The military is the foundation of the nation. War to stop war.

Chapter 6 - Defeat the Supernatural Fate.

The exaltation and praise of man was the theme of the Renaissance, and the restraint of human beings in Christianity and theology is an intellectual tradition that has been adhering to the joyful impermanence of fate since ancient Roman times.

In the Middle Ages, Machiavelli stood at an unprecedented height, opposing Christianity and theology, advocating for human control of one's own destiny, becoming a force of thought that transcended political spheres, "causing a wide range of strong repercussions in religious, political, academic and social circles".

Ask fate, fate is not a command. Face your fate and let it bow down.

Chapter 7 - Revealing the Heavens of Humanity.

Proceeding from the humanistic view of history, Machivelli liberated historiography from the shackles of religious theology; took a dialectical view of the changes of the times and world affairs, revealing the obvious germ of modern historical philosophy; by raising people's subjective initiative to the height of controlling destiny, he broke the theory of historical cycles, integrated history with politics, and propagated history to serve politics.

Human nature, the root of all evil. Crack the laws of the rise and fall of human history.

Chapter 8 - The Closure of the Coffin is Inconclusive.

Machiavelli was a clergyman, but he was also an enemy of the Church. Machiavelli was a patriot and a savior who never forgot the unity of Italy.

He was also a military scholar and a pioneer in advocating the establishment of a national army. Machiavelli was also a philosopher who invented a new way of thinking – the practical spirit.

Machiavelli was a writer par excellence, and writers admired the masculine beauty and unconventional attitude with which he wrote

There was an uproar. Unfinished thinking about Machiavelli. Our stance: take-it-or-leave-it. (To be continued......)