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Zhang Jiashi paid attention to supporting the peasants because at this time, or in other words, in the period of thousands of years of history until the arrival of later generations, China was fundamentally a country with an agrarian system. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

China's agrarian system is mainly reflected in the fact that this system has developed into the agrarian culture that has become the main cultural foundation of the Chinese dynasties, as the most important core foundation.

Farming culture refers to a kind of custom culture formed by farmers in long-term agricultural production, with agricultural services and farmers' own entertainment as the center. The farming culture of the Han nationality integrates Confucian culture and various religious cultures, forming its own unique cultural content and characteristics, but the main body includes language, drama, folk songs, customs and various sacrificial activities, etc., which is the most extensive cultural type in China.

Chinese agriculture first emerged in the Central Plains. The farming culture of the Han nationality in the Central Plains contains many characteristic farming techniques and scientific inventions. A lot of agricultural production tools have been unearthed in the relics of Peiligang culture, which provides physical evidence for the development of early farming culture, especially the stone grinding rod made by pondering and refining, which has become the earliest grain processing tool found in China.

The legendary Fuxi, the head of the Three Emperors, taught people to "make nets" and opened the era of fishing and hunting economy, while Emperor Yan, known as "Shennong's", taught people to sow seeds and harvest, creating an era of agriculture. Dayu uses the method of dredging to control water, which promotes the development of China's water conservancy undertakings, and also promotes the progress of mathematics, surveying and mapping, transportation and other related technologies.

During the Warring States Period, the "Zhengguo Canal" presided over by Zheng Guo, a native of Henan, and the "Dujiangyan" led by Li Bing and his son, greatly improved the agricultural production foundation and water conservancy construction in the corresponding areas. With the integration of ethnic groups, especially the southward migration of the Central Plains, advanced agricultural technology and concepts spread to the south, which promoted the improvement of the agricultural level in ancient China. It can be said that the origin and development of China's agriculture, the invention and creation of agricultural technology, and the system and concept of agriculture are often based on the improvement of water conservancy.

As early as the pre-Qin period, there is a song of the Han folk that hits the soil: "Work at sunrise, rest at sunrise, dig wells and drink, plough fields and eat." It describes the scene of people in the countryside beating the soil and singing the praises of peace and prosperity. The Han folk legend "hoeing day at noon, sweat drops of grass into the soil, who knows that the plate of Chinese food, every grain is hard." It reflects the hardships of the vast number of farmers. Yuxin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty also has a poem as evidence: "Xingwen is prosperous and ceremonial music, and the people are resting with martial arts." It reflects the importance of culture after the solution of food and clothing. "The dynasty is Tian Shelang, and the twilight is in the Tianzi Hall. It depicts the ideal and pursuit of a positive life for readers. China's tens of thousands of years of sustainable agricultural history have created a developed, lasting and long-lasting traditional culture.

At the same time, the splendid Han culture has enriched the connotation of agriculture. The two are interdependent, interact with each other, and influence each other. In the thousands of years of Chinese civilization that have been recorded in writing, although it has been tested by countless large and small natural disasters, it has still been thriving and continuous. This body of technical knowledge has proven to be sustainable.

In the process of the emergence and development of Chinese culture, agricultural culture is the foundation, because it is to meet people's most basic survival needs for clothing, food, shelter and behavior, it determines the survival mode of the Han nation, and shapes the Han culture itself. China is one of the birthplaces of agriculture in the world.

The farming culture of the Central Plains is an important birthplace of China's farming culture, the foundation of China's agricultural culture, and the axis of China's agricultural culture before the Song Dynasty. The farming culture of the Central Plains has a long history.

Under this premise, Zhang Jiashi, who lacks a fundamental change in the institutional environment, will not make some arrangements that put the cart before the horse.

For example, China's basic agricultural system, which is still in the middle of development, has been forcibly reversed into an industrialization process.

The process of industrialization is not something that can be done by doing, even with the assistance of the scientific and technological essence of the Mohists and the Great Qin Empire, Zhang Jiashi is afraid that he is powerless even if he wants to achieve the description of the industrial revolution.

Because from a general point of view, there are two foundations of the Industrial Revolution, these two foundations are the Jenny spinning machine invented by the British worker Hargreaves, and the steam engine improved by the Englishman Watt in the middle of the 18th century.

It also represents the beginning of the Industrial Revolution based on the invention of the Jenny spinning machine for Hargreaves, and the Industrial Revolution was marked by Watt's improved steam engine.

For things like spinning machines, the technical difficulty is not high for Zhang Jiashi's knowledge and talent reserve.

But in this environment, even if Zhang Jiashi plans to make Huang Daopo's improved yarn car, I am afraid that there is no way to make this kind of thing play a considerable role.

Because at the moment, Zhang Jiashi, who does not know where cotton is grown, does not think that this kind of yarn wheel or Jenny spinning machine and other tools can handle the main raw materials for making hemp, silk and so on, and carry out relatively better processing.

After all, there is still a big gap between the situation of these crops and the cotton cloth that Zhang Jiashi knows.

As for leather, or fur, it is not a raw material that this tool can handle.

The inadequacy of the tool may be able to improve the problem by taking a break from the design of the tool several times. But there are some things that you can't just do by improving your tools.

As far as the social system of the Industrial Revolution is concerned, Zhang Jiashi does not believe that he can achieve the core meaning of the Industrial Revolution related to productivity:

1. The Industrial Revolution was an important stage in the history of capitalist development, which realized an important change from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society. 2 In terms of production technology, it enables machines to replace manual labor, and factories to replace manual workshops. 3. The Industrial Revolution created tremendous productive forces and brought about earth-shaking changes in society. The Industrial Revolution was also a profound change in social relations.

On the first point, Zhang Jiashi does not believe that he can jump directly from the agrarian system to the capitalist system.

You must know that the germination of capitalism in China appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century.

According to Zhang Jiashi's original time, in terms of a more rigorous view in this regard, it is believed that in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were many handicraft workshops with a capitalist nature in the silk weaving industry in Suzhou and Hangzhou, and in the iron smelting and wrought iron industry in Foshan, Guangdong. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the sprouts of capitalism continued to emerge in the silk weaving industry in some areas south of the Yangtze River, the iron-smelting, wrought-iron, and timber harvesting industries in southern Shaanxi, the copper mining industry in Yunnan, the coal mining industry in Boshan in Shandong Province and the western part of Beijing, the well salt industry in Sichuan, the Chi salt industry in Hedong, Shanxi, the porcelain-making industry in Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province and Shiwan in Guangdong, the processing industry of tea, tobacco, sugar, oil extraction, and other agricultural products in some places, the dyeing workshop, kicking workshop, paper mill, and woodblock printing industry in some places, and the sand boat transportation industry in Shanghai, totaling about 20 industries.

However, the Great Qin Empire under the rule of Zhang Jiashi, not to mention the germination of capitalism, even in some places, such as the Miao and a considerable part of Guizhou, still has a rather backward slavery system.

Zhang Jiashi knew that if he wanted to change these situations, he had to take it slowly, and he couldn't rush it all at once. Otherwise, whether there will be turmoil in the world, he himself can't say for sure.

For Zhang Jiashi, the system may not need to be too eager to improve in many aspects, but for the integration and reform of land, he believes that it must be done.

This is also the fundamental reason why he vigorously supports farmers.

China's grain output has not been too much, and it was not until Zhang Jiashi crossed over that modern technology was able to really increase the yield per mu by using modern technology.

In this case, in order to get more food and more profits, land annexation will gradually evolve into a major issue that has plagued the Central Plains dynasties in successive dynasties, and even collapsed because of this.

Land annexation refers to the increasing concentration of land in the hands of a small number of big landlords and big bureaucrats, while the peasants are increasingly losing their land, or even having no land at all. Land annexation was an incurable disease of centralization in feudal society. In order to own more land, the big landlords resorted to all kinds of despicable means, especially in disaster years, when the landlords took advantage of the land to make the peasants who owned the land sell their land and real estate and become tenant farmers.

There were also many laws and regulations in China that adjusted the governance of land annexation, with the aim of restricting land annexation, ensuring the interests of yeoman farmers and restricting the interests of large landlords, so as to maintain feudal rule and ensure stable fiscal revenue for the state. The more famous ones are: the Juntian system implemented from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, the Wang Anshi reform method of the Song Dynasty, the whip method drafted by Zhang Juzheng in the Ming Dynasty, and the system of stall people entering the mu during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. I won't talk about that later.

But these systems, in the end, did not allow these dynasties to last longer. Although these institutional laws ultimately failed because they touched the majority of the interest strata, they were indeed able to limit land annexation and improve the contradictions between many classes.

However, land annexation is often prominent in the later part of a dynasty, and it is the result of the development of the feudal economy, and it is the manifestation of the private ownership of landlord land and the strengthening of the landlord class.

The self-sufficient natural economy in feudal society was the root cause of land annexation. The weakness of the feudal central power was the direct cause of the intensification of land annexation at the end of the dynasty in China's feudal society.

When land annexation is serious, two contradictions come to the fore. The first is the contradiction between the peasants and the landlords, and the second is the contradiction between the feudal state and the landlords. The development of these contradictions will have two results: first, the feudal government will adopt measures to restrain annexation, so that the phenomenon of annexation will be alleviated to a certain extent, and second, it will directly lead to the outbreak of the peasant war.

The land annexation during the Qin Dynasty was not serious, and the late Qin uprising was strictly speaking, and it is difficult to place the main trigger on this situation.

But the Han, Jin, Tang, Yuan, Ming and even Qing dynasties, all of the famous unification dynasties in Chinese history, can be said to have perished more or less under the influence of the peasant wars triggered by land annexation.

Therefore, Zhang Jiashi believes that this point of land reform must be dealt with as the first priority at the right time.

At the heart of his choice was to nationalize the land. This is also a more general way of the state ownership system of land in later generations, which is in line with the current situation.

The system of state ownership of land in later generations, through a variety of ways and means, stipulated: "Mineral deposits, water flows, forests, wastelands and other resources that are state-owned by law shall belong to the whole people."

Zhang Jiashi did not intend to refer to the way in which land was nationalized in later generations.

In later generations, the way to realize the state ownership of land was mainly to adopt different methods in stages and gradually realize the state ownership of land. Take over and confiscate urban land occupied by imperialism, bureaucratic capitalism, the Kuomintang government, and counter-revolutionaries, and turn it into state ownership without compensation; transform the urban real estate owned by capitalist industry and commerce, private real estate companies, and real estate owners into state ownership through redemption; turn urban and rural non-state-owned land into urban state-owned land by expropriating land for urban and rural construction; and state state ownership of the remaining urban land that has not yet been nationalized by means of the constitution stipulating that all urban land belongs to the state.

Zhang Jiashi does not think that this method is suitable for the current situation, because there is a sentence that is quite reasonable, that is: "The characteristics of land determine that there can be different land systems in different periods, and that land is not only a means of production and has natural attributes, but also is the object that constitutes social land relations, and has social and economic attributes." Its socio-economic attributes are the relationships between people in the process of occupying, developing, and utilizing land. ”

In this case, Zhang Jiashi believes that the phased approach is more of a kind of addition to the snake for now, and he believes that directly after the world is once again established, the land of the Great Qin Empire will be directly forcibly nationalized.

Of course, this can't be done so directly.

For the owner's land, Zhang Jiashi plans to allow the owners of these lands to continue to receive land use rights for a period of 50 years as compensation. This is a concession that Zhang Jiashi believes must be achieved.

The problem may erupt in fifty years, but for Zhang Jiashi, this can also be regarded as a considerable concession on his part.

After all, in Zhang Jiashi's heart, as long as the agricultural foundation can keep up, then fifty years is enough time for many people to accumulate good wealth, and then buy more land use rights.

Of course, there are some problems, but they are small compared to the severity of the land annexation.

And Zhang Jiashi's approach, although it has no direct or relatively indirect impact on the current war, but Zhang Jiashi knows very well that this approach is indispensable if the Great Qin Empire is to maintain sufficient competitiveness on the premise.

Dividing line

After Zhang Jiashi learned about the battle report on the front line, it was the troops of Yu Ziqi and others who gradually surrounded the remnants of the Chu army, and he did not breathe a sigh of relief because of this.

Because he knows that now is the real point.

But the price increase was something he didn't expect was that after the two remaining scout team members who were shot in the shoulder or back by arrows reported, Zhang Jiashi learned that he was being targeted by a team of Chu army knights with a number of about 5,000 people.

As for who the commander of this knight team is, Zhang Jiashi said lightly:

"Xiang Yu didn't expect that we would meet again in this environment. ”

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