Zigong, as the person with the highest political achievements among the disciples of Confucius, "Chang Xiang Luwei", with his rich political experience and keen political sense, broke the essence of the phenomenon of "thousand-year-old destruction" in one sentence: "All the evils in the world are returned", and all the evils that have been seen and all the evils that people can imagine are "attributed" to Di Xin's head. Therefore, "the gentleman is evil", don't be a loser, the result is extremely sad. In Chinese history, the fate of the king of the dead country is extremely pitiful, but there is no one like Di Xin who has been wantonly smeared.

Luo Mi of the Song Dynasty believed in the "Theory of Misrepresentation and Truthfulness": "Emperor Xin built a palace, built a wine forest and meat pool, favored women, imprisoned sages, and mutilated the faithful, and other evils are exactly the same as the sins of Ji. ”

Open the "Book of Shang", "Historical Records", etc., there are all the sins of Di Xin, and what Di Xin does not have, Di Xin also has. Therefore, Di Xin is the culmination of the evil imagined by Xia Jijia, and the death of the country is his deserved.

However, Gu Yanwu, a great intellectual and anti-Qing righteous man in the late Ming Dynasty who had personally experienced the decline of his family and country and the shattering of mountains and rivers, pondered and pondered after the fall of the country, and profoundly realized a cruel reality: the decline and fall of an empire is the comprehensive result of the interaction of various forces, so that it is difficult to return, and it is not enough to innovate. Therefore, when studying history, there are quite some statesmen's meanings: the predecessors often said that Yin Shang died because of "the unkindness of virtue", "I say otherwise", Gu said. He also listed the various deeds of the Shang Dynasty nobles who deviated from morality since Pangeng, and came to a shocking conclusion: the death of Shang was inevitable, and Di Xin was just at the right time, and no one could save the fate of the Shang Dynasty. In this regard, Emperor Xin and Emperor Chongzhen have a striking similarity: compared with the previous emperors, they are much more diligent and wise, but they are both "at the right time" and become the kings of the fallen country. It is no wonder that Emperor Chongzhen looked up to the sky before he died, and sighed, "The king is not the king of the dead country, the minister is the minister of the dead country." "The building will fall, it will be difficult to support alone, the family and country will be lost, and the people will betray and leave, this hatred is extreme! Therefore, Emperor Xin burned himself, Chongzhen hanged himself, the end of the hero, and infinite sadness.

In modern times, doubts and rebuttals have intensified. Hu Shi made a paper "Confucianism", pointing out that in the poem "The Book of Songs, Shang Qing, Xuanniao", "Wu Ding's grandson, Wu Wang is invincible", "Zhaoyu is the four seas, the four seas come to fake, come to fake Qi Qi", "Yin was ordered to become Xuan, Bailu is the lotus", is to praise a great man in the Shang family, but no one has this martial art after Wu Ding, so he put it on the head of Confucius as a "suspense". This caused a big controversy. Feng Youlan pointed out that there was a monarch with extremely martial arts after Wu Ding, and it was supported by archaeology, oracle bones and other materials, but his name was not stated. And Guo Moruo also wrote "Refutation of Confucianism", which criticized the "suspense".

Guo Shi pointed out: This person is Di Xin. "Di Xin's contribution to the development of our nation cannot be indenied. In the last years of the Shang Dynasty, there was a very grand historical event, that is, the operation of the southeast, which was almost completely erased by the historians since the Zhou Dynasty. "After the Makino War", the merchants were oppressed by the Zhou people, and the road was to the southeast of the two dynasties of Di Yi and Di Xin. "To put it more bluntly, the reason why southern China has long been cultured is that we should commemorate Di Xin. Therefore, "in the minds of Yin merchants, they must not see Di Xin as the Zhou people." They want to call him 'King Wu or Emperor Wu', and they want to commemorate him, but in fact, they are all in the past. After the liberation, Guo Moruo visited Yin Shang's hometown in person, and he was even more emotional: "Yin Xin's merits are Zhou Wu, and Yin Xin's evil is unnecessary." The name of Yin Xin should be restored, and the injustice of Yin Xin should be lifted. And praised loudly: "Baike Dongyi died", "Unified Shenzhou Zhao this person." "The Central Plains culture was founded, and the businessman Que's Nest lived in Zhou Jiuju", completely overturned the case for Di Xin and shouted out.

Gu Jiegang also made "The Order of the Occurrence of Seventy Evil Things", pointing out that the sins of Emperor Xin were only six points in the "Book of Shang" of the Zhou people, and twenty-seven things were added to the Warring States Book, twenty-three things were added to the Western Han Book, one thing was added in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and thirteen things were added in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so Shang Emperor Xin became a cruel tyrant that had never been seen since ancient times. Through careful research, Gu completely washed away the sewage and mud that was poured on Di Xin's body, returned it to its original appearance, and matched Guo Moruo's arguments, so that Di Xin's image as a "martial king" reappeared in front of people. This also made Mencius's Emperor Xin have a foothold for the saying that "the customs of the old family and the good governance of the customs of the old family" have a foothold.

summary

In addition to the historical records of the Zhou people full of slander and abuse, there is also a real and magnificent historical picture.

Emperor Yi reigned for nine years and collapsed, and his second son Xin ascended the throne. At this time, the reform of the ritual system of Emperor Zujia had gradually achieved orthodox status, and the succession of the throne of the eldest succession system had replaced the elder brother and became the mainstream. Therefore, although Weizi Qi is the eldest son of Di Yi and is born to the same mother as Di Xin, because his mother was still low when he gave birth to Weizi, Weizi is a concubine. And his mother is the queen, and she is hard, so she is a descendant. This is the so-called "son of wife" and "son of concubine" in Taishi. Di Xin's accession to the throne was a blow to Wei Zi Qi, which can be imagined. And Weizi Qi is known as a virtuous person, and his friends are also quite numerous, and he is almost a rival with Di Xincheng. Therefore, in the end of Emperor Xin I, the Weizi faction has always been the most resolute opposition, scheming and scheming, and doing everything. Under the strong suppression of Di Xin, he took risks, collaborated with the enemy and betrayed the country, colluded with the Zhou people and committed adultery, and subverted the Di Xin regime at all costs.

On the other hand, it is not only the neutrons that have been hit by the reform of the Zujia ritual system. Among the royal family, Jizi and Bigan were also staunch opponents of the reform of the ritual system. Because according to the system of brother to brother, they all have a chance to ascend to the throne. And thanks to the inheritance system of the elders, the idea is completely broken. These resentful royal ministers share the same hatred as the Weizi faction in dealing with the reform of the ritual system. Although the purpose may not be the same, it is a perfect match to restrain and weaken and attack Di Xin. These royal nobles and the Weizi faction were divided or united, although they were not like the Weizi faction who collaborated with the enemy and betrayed the country, but they were the real opposition of Di Xin. Although nominally the supreme representative of the royal family, in reality he received very limited support from the royal family.

In addition, since Pangeng, the Shang nobles have become increasingly difficult to control the centrifugal detachment from Germany, and the Shang Emperor's shrine, administration, and military are difficult to spread. However, under the influence of the social reality of the Shang Dynasty with the clan as the basic organizational unit of society, the power of the aristocracy was still difficult to suppress. These nobles had their own basic power, and it was difficult for the Shang Emperor to uproot them.