readx;? Under the long-term influence of the Cretan civilization, the Achaeans were gradually assimilated by the Cretan civilization, and after more than 100 years, the Achaeans, who were also of the yellow race, had merged with the Guya Qu people to become a unified nation. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

Large palaces and castles appeared in Mycenae, Tirins, Pyros and other places, marking the Mycenaeans entering the period of city-state civilization.

Among them, the Mycenaean city-state is the center. Therefore, later generations called this integrated people who settled in the Peloponnese the Mycenaeans. Its civilization is known as the Mycenaean civilization and is a sub-civilization of the Cretan civilization. The Mycenaean civilization inherited and carried forward the Cretan civilization and was an important part of the Aegean civilization.

But the Mycenaeans themselves still called themselves Achaians, and Mycenae was only one of the city-states with the greatest influence.

Previously, the Quyaqu people had been using the "linear a" of the Minoan dynasty of Crete, and at this time the Mycenaeans invented their own script "linear b" with reference to the Cretan script.

According to the clay tablets that were deciphered, the rulers of the city-state consisted of kings, generals, royal servants, landowners (Telesta), officials of all ranks, and priests;

Its religious system was completely inherited from the Cretans and further developed and perfected.

The early religions of the region were essentially the same, with key features such as the worship of the main gods, who inhabited the main images of nature (the sun, the stars, the mountains, the trees, etc.) and held the secrets of abundance. This worship went through a period of idolless period, from which divine objects were derived, such as stones, pillars, trees, weapons (double-sided axes or shields), and so on.

When the idol stage came in 2000 BCE, we found that, as in other eastern Mediterranean regions, they had a goddess representing the deity, plus a young subordinate deity, possibly the son and consort of the goddess. This pair represents the fertility that is closely related to human beings. The goddess sometimes appears with the dove representing Ouranos (heaven) and sometimes with the serpent representing Chongnik (earth). In rituals, sacred objects, usually figurines, played a large role: all plants and animals were sacred, people used sacrifices (inhuman, not burned), all forms of tribute and simulacrum, possession, and other religious practices, and there was the phenomenon of the worship of the dead. This early nature worship explains many of the anomalies in ancient Greek religion, especially those of Artemis and Aphrodite.

From the available evidence, it is possible that the Mycenaean religion was the source of ancient Greek religion, and Poseidon seems to have a high status, but was regarded as Hades, associated with earthquakes and dark rivers. Due to the small number of texts found, the genealogy and the relationship between the characters are not very clear, and the famous and prominent gods can be roughly identified, such as Zeus-Hera and his wife, Ares, Hermes, Athena, Artemis, Dionysus, Erinius, etc. Among the absent gods were Apollo, Aphrodite, Demeter (these were gods from the East), and Hephaestus.

Like the Minoan dynasty, the Mycenaean domed tomb dynasty practiced a system of administrative and religious unity, and the altar was only found in the palace, which proves that the king also held religious power in his hands, and was himself a high priest.

Land in Mycenae is divided into two main categories: private land and public security. Private land was owned by the rulers, while communal land holdings were distributed among the members of the commune.

The slavery system in Mycenae was also divided into king-owned and privately owned, and the number of slaves was very large, engaged in agriculture and handicrafts, but could only get a little food to survive.

Everyday furniture: a wide range of utensils made of a variety of materials, from huge storage jars to tiny ointment bottles, kitchen utensils, thrones, chairs, tables, etc., made of stone or terracotta.

Sacred objects: ritual objects and their models, as well as many images depicting them.

Funeral utensils: Painted terracotta coffin.

Works of art: shaped works, such as carved stone or ivory, cast or forged metal (gold, silver, copper and bronze), or models made of clay, glazed pottery, paste, etc.; There is little indication of the existence of large standing statues, but there are many small statues, vases of all kinds, carved in marble or other stone, cast or forged in metal, and made of clay, especially the latter of many varieties and in large quantities, decorated with elaborate polychrome motifs, sometimes with ornamental mouldings, paintings on transparent or opaque stones, a large number of engravings such as rings and precious stones, and many large clay impressions reprinted from them.

Weapons, tools and utensils: stone, clay, bronze and (in the most late period) iron, sometimes richly decorated and inlaid with them; No actual armour has been found, only some ceremonial analogues of the burial of the deceased, such as the gold cuirass found in the Mycenaean rotunda.

Personal items: brooches, pins, razors, tweezers, etc., are often found as offerings to the gods;

Written materials: engravings and engravings of precious stones, records written in pigment on pottery, figures depicted on stones or pottery. Two writing systems were included (Cretan linear a) and Mycenaean linear b).

Tomb excavation: a cave or pit in which the deceased is buried with various everyday and luxury objects, placed in a coffin or small chamber or simply wrapped up, without cremation.

In the late Minoan period, a costly form of burial became popular, the domed tomb. This form of burial spread to the Peloponnese. Popular with the Mycenaeans.

The dome tomb is not like the shaft tomb only in the underground structure of the simple pit tomb, but in the ground rock and masonry to build a circular tomb, there is a tomb road in front, covered with a high mound, the interior is built into a conical roof by the stacking method, the shape is like a beehive, so it is also called the beehive tomb. The construction of such tombs required a high degree of stone masonry, and although its form originated in Crete, it became increasingly large in Mycenae. The largest existing domed tomb is 13.2 meters high, the tomb door is 10 meters high, and the aisle inside the door is covered by a huge stone weighing 120 tons, which shows the difficulty of its construction.

Public facilities: paved, stepped roads, bridges, drainage systems, etc.

The commercial activities of the Mycenaean civilization revolved mainly around the Cretans and the Egyptians.