readx;

After that, the Japanese successively sent troops into the village to search for treasure. For www.biquge.info the first time, more than 100 Japanese soldiers turned the Wu family compound upside down, and the Japanese finally returned in vain because Dading was reburied underground by the villagers at this time. After the Japanese left, Wu Peiwen moved Dading to the underground of his own stable. The second time, the Japanese army came with three large trucks, and as soon as they entered the village, they set up machine guns, and Wu Peiwen hurriedly checked the camouflage of the stable, and poured some swill, successfully mixing up the Japanese encirclement. He stayed outside the village until it was dark, Wu Peiwen heard the whistle of the Japanese to collect troops, he immediately ran home and went straight to the West House stable, thank God, Dading was still there. Wu Peiwen sighed, "The furnace has a spirit, God help me." ”

After that, Wu Peiwen spent 20 oceans to buy a bronze fake from an antique dealer and hid it in his own kang cave. Soon after, the Japanese soldiers and puppet soldiers entered the village again, rushed to the backyard of Wu's house, opened Wu Peiwen's sleeping kang, and snatched the fake bronze. However, because the Japanese are still keeping an eye on Wu Peiwen's whereabouts, they will continue to search for him. In order to protect the safety of Dading, Wu Peiwen entrusted Dading to his brothers secretly, took refuge away from his hometown, and did not return to Anyang until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. In order to protect the national treasure, Wu Peiwen and other villagers transferred the burial site three times in the Wu family compound, and finally buried it in the east house of the Wu family compound to avoid being plundered by the Japanese invaders. Until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

In June 1946, a "Senator Chen" of the Anyang County Government at that time inquired about the whereabouts of Dading, and he persuaded Wu Peiwen and others to hand over Dading to the government. Chen Ziming, then director of the Anyang County Antiquities Preservation Committee, and Yao Fapu, the head of Anyang County of the National Government, led a team of police to dig out Dading from the east house of the Wu family compound. This incident was published in the "Minsheng Bao" at the time: "On the night of July 11, a team was sent and assisted by the X Department of the garrison to dig in the village until the end of the night, and on the morning of the 12th of the morning, the ancient furnace was transported to the county by a horse-drawn cart and stored in the ancient committee. In this article, the "ancient furnace" is the stepmother Wuding.

In 1948, Dading was exhibited for the first time in Nanjing, and according to records, Chiang Kai-shek had visited it in person, and Dading caused a sensation in the whole city of Nanjing.

In 1949, when the company withdrew to Taiwan, it was intended to transport Dading to Taiwan, but because Dading was too heavy, Dading was exiled at Nanjing Airport, and was later discovered by the People's Liberation Army and transferred to Nanjing Museum. In 1959, the Chinese History Museum was built, and his stepmother Wu Ding was transferred from Nanjing to Beijing, which became the treasure of the town hall and has been stored in the National Museum. It has become the treasure of our country.

In 2005, Dading returned to Anyang "provincial family", and Wu Peiwen, who was 83 years old, finally met Dading again after 59 years at the gate of Yinxu. He recognized Da Ding at a glance, "when we part, the soldiers are in chaos, and when we say goodbye, the country is rich and the people are strong." The old man has always felt that protecting Dading from falling into the hands of the Japanese is the most valuable thing he has done in his life. On that day, as the discoverer and protector of Dading, he was allowed to touch Dading.

The stepmother has thick vertical ears (one of which is the back match), folded along the wide margin, the straight wall is deep and the abdomen is flat, the abdomen is rectangular, and the lower bearing is four hollow column feet. The ears are decorated with a row of embossed fish patterns, the head and tail are connected, the outside of the ears is decorated with the embossed double tiger cannibal head pattern, the abdominal wall has a protruding short ridge in the middle of the four sides and the four corners, and the periphery of the abdomen is decorated with gluttonous patterns, all of which are based on cloud and thunder patterns. The upper end of the foot is decorated with a relief gluttonous pattern, and the lower part is lined with a three-week concave string pattern.

The inner wall of the abdomen is cast with the words "stepmother E". The font gesture is strong, the shape is plump, the beginning and end of the strokes are more than the peaks and exposures, and the fat pen is used intermittently. The tripod is made by the king of Shang to worship his mother "E", the shape is thick and elegant, the momentum is magnificent, the ornamentation is beautiful, the casting technology is superb, and it is also the largest bronze ritual vessel of the Shang Dynasty that has been found.

Houmu Wuding is a rare bronze valuable cultural relics in the world, it is the largest and heaviest of all the unearthed tripods so far: weight kilograms, height 133 cm, mouth length 110 cm, width 78 cm, foot height 46 cm, wall thickness 6 cm, big enough to do manger, so people call it "manger Ding" again.

The stepmother Wuding ornament is beautiful and solemn, the craftsmanship is exquisite, and it has always been admired by the world. Its value is higher because of this. The body of the tripod is cast with delicate dragon patterns and gluttonous patterns, which increases the sense of majesty and solemnity of the cultural relics themselves. Gluttony is a mythical beast that likes to eat all kinds of food in legend, and it is cast on bronze to indicate auspiciousness and abundant food. The auricular ornament is commonly known as the tiger bite human head pattern, this ornament is to make a tiger shape on the left and right of the ear, the tiger's head is around the upper part of the ear and opens its mouth to face each other, and there is a human head in the middle of the tiger, as if it was devoured by the tiger. There are also two fish-shaped ears on the top of the ears. The cicada pattern cast on the foot, the pattern expresses the cicada body, and the lines are clear.

The casting process of the stepmother Wuding is very complicated. According to the observation of casting marks, the body and four legs are cast as a whole. A total of 8 pieces of pottery are used for the tripod body, 3 pieces of pottery are used for each tripod foot, and 4 pieces of pottery are used for the bottom and inside of the vessel. Ding lug is cast after the body is cast. To cast this tripod, more than 1,000 kilograms of metal raw materials are required. Moreover, in the process of shaping clay molds, reproducing pottery models, and pouring into such large objects, there are a series of complex technical problems, and at the same time, it is necessary to equip a large melting furnace. The casting of the stepmother Wuding fully shows that the bronze casting in the late Shang Dynasty was not only large-scale, but also well-organized and meticulously divided, showing the production scale and outstanding technical achievements of the bronze casting industry in the Shang Dynasty, which is enough to represent the highly developed bronze culture of the Shang Dynasty.

To cast such a large bronze object, the parts must first be cast separately and then combined into a single piece, which is a very complex process. When casting, it takes two or three hundred craftsmen to operate at the same time and cooperate closely to complete it.

In addition, the quantitative analysis carried out by the precipitation method of spectral qualitative analysis and chemical analysis shows that the Houmu Wuding contains 84.77% copper, 11.64% tin and 2.79% lead, which is basically consistent with the proportion of copper and tin recorded in the book "Examination of Gongji and Zhushi" written in the Warring States Period, which shows the internal inheritance of ancient Chinese bronze civilization. It reflects the ingenuity of the Shang Dynasty craftsmen.

Through the study of the bronzes and the records in the oracle bone inscriptions, archaeologists believe that in the inscription on the inner wall of the belly of the Ding, "Mother Wu" is the temple number of the concubine of the Shang king Wuding. And according to the inscription, it can be seen that the stepmother Wuding was made by the two sons of the Shang king Wuding, Zu Geng or Zu Jia, to worship his mother's concubine.

The original name of the tripod was Mr. Guo Moruo, calling it Simu Wuding, and he believed that "Simu Wu" was "sacrificing mother Wu". Another famous scholar, Luo Zhenyu, also believed: "Shang is called the year of worship and Siye, and Si is the ancestral word." As a result, the name has been used ever since. However, controversy has continued, and many scholars have proposed that the word "si" should be interpreted as the word "hou", because in ancient characters, the word "si" and "hou" are the same word.