Chapter 47: The Cretan Civilization of Europe

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Seth's name is preceded by a statement that he was the king of Lower Egypt.

In 2764 BC, Seth Hornes occupied Memphis, declared independence, and re-established the Kingdom of Lower Egypt. He may have been a child of the royal family, so his independence did not lead to a crusade against Upper Egypt, which can be seen as a tacit approval. In fact, Upper and Lower Egypt was divided.

The First Dynasty of Lower Egypt at the end of the Predynastic Period, the Second Dynasty of Lower Egypt at the end of the First Dynasty of Egypt, and the Third Dynasty of Lower Egypt at the end of the Second Dynasty of Egypt. Lower Egypt went through these three dynastic periods and never saw them again.

Seth Peribson Sekhomeb, or Kelreth, reigned in: The pagans did not believe in Horus or the two gods. BC2748-2734.

In 2748 BC, Seth Horness's son, Seth Peribson Sekhomib, succeeded to the throne of Lower Egypt.

Its tombs have been found to worship the names of the gods Ashash, Meen and Best. It shows that during his reign, he tried to introduce a new set of religious ideas, and did not continue to believe in Horus.

Nefil Horis, reigned 2734-2720 BC.

In 2734 BC, Nefil Horis succeeded to the throne of Lower Egypt by Seth Peribson Sekhomeb.

Sekhomib Perienmaat, or Sesokris, reigned 2720-2709 BC.

In 2715 BC, Sekhomib Perrienmaat succeeded to the throne of Lower Egypt in Nefilkhoris.

Reign of Sanakhothai: 19 years, 2709-2690.

In 2709 BC, Sanakhothai succeeded to the throne of Lower Egypt under Sekhomib Perryn Maat.

Josel, reigned 29 BC, 2690-2661 BC.

In 2690 BC, Josel succeeded to the throne of Lower Egypt in Sanakhothai.

On the stone vase we find the record, "This year with the enemy of the north fought in the city of Better." "Betet, as it is now called, sits on the east bank of the Nile. The Greeks called it Hiracompoli. Thus, it was a major battle between Upper and Lower Egypt, in which 47,209 people were killed. The result of this battle was the defeat of Upper Egypt.

In 2686 BC, Joselle took advantage of the victory to capture Tinis, thus overthrowing the Second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and establishing the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

The Second Dynasty of Lower Egypt went through a total of 6 kings from BC2764-2686, 78 years. Together with the previous 4 kings who also served as kings of Lower Egypt, a total of 10 kings and 207 years have passed. And because Josel was the first king of the Third Dynasty, it was customary to remove it from Lower Egypt and call it the 9 kings, that is, the 9 pharaohs.

In this way, the Second Dynasty of Egypt, with 6 pharaohs in Upper Egypt and 9 pharaohs in Lower Egypt, is in line with the disagreement between the two places in history about the number of pharaohs in the Second Dynasty of Egypt.

It is customary to combine the First and Second Dynasties together and refer to it as the Predynastic Period of Egypt.

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Crete, the largest island in the Aegean Sea in the eastern Mediterranean, gave rise to the earliest civilization in Europe, known as the Cretan civilization. The Cretan civilization was the starting point of the Aegean civilization (a civilization before the ancient Greek civilization, also known as the Mycenaean civilization) and was particularly famous for its opulent and complex palace architecture.

In 6000 BC, Crete entered the Neolithic Age. This period is represented by the nearly 6-meter-thick stratum of Knossos, which contains fragments of stone tools as well as hand-polished vessels, showing a continuous technological development from the bottom to the top.

The end of this cultural layer is marked by the introduction of white-filled jagged ornamentation on pottery, and a replica of its subject with its monochrome pigments has been found.

From 6000 BC to 1600, there were nine periods of Knossos stratigraphy or culture, and we can observe a very distinct, orderly and enduring development of ceramic art in all aspects. From one stage to another, the organization, form and content of the decoration gradually develop.

Mural art showed an equally orderly development, at least in the late period, and in the case of religion, we can say the least that there was no sign of a mutation, from the uniform nature worship through the normal stages until the later development of anthropomorphic gods. There is no indication of an incoming deity or religious idea.

In 3000 BC, a large number of Egyptians crossed the sea from Egypt to Crete and became the ruling people of Crete, that is, Crete, both foreign and local natives are yellow. That is, the Cretan civilization was in fact a sub-civilization of the ancient Egyptian civilization. (The ancient Egyptian civilization was a sub-civilization of the Sumerian civilization, and the Elamite civilization was a sub-civilization of the Aryan civilization.) Both the Sumerian and Aryan civilizations were derived from the Harappan civilization. The Harappan civilization has its roots in the Atlantean civilization. The Atlantean civilization originated from the Indian ancient continent civilization, while the Indian ancient continent civilization and the Antarctic civilization are both sub-civilizations of the three-eyed civilization. Here is a brief review of civilizations. See the previous section for details).

The Cretan civilization was a seafaring people, and most of its previous civilizations were agrarian and in close contact with Egypt (except during the Minoan period).

Cretan sailors had a considerable commercial trade between Egypt and Crete.

Ceramics from the early Cretan civilization were characterized by thread-like spirals, triangles, curves, crosses, fishbone patterns, etc.

Throughout the Cretan civilization and later the Mycenaean civilization, there was a tradition of burying weapons, food, water, ornaments, and other objects with corpses. In a cave or pit type, the deceased is buried with various everyday and luxury objects, placed in a coffin or small chamber or simply wrapped, without cremation.

Early burials consisted of burial chambers made of upright stone, sometimes in caves, after which the chambers were buried with earth. Later there were cemetery-style bone pits that housed many remains. Before burial, the flesh was boiled from the bones or placed in an isolated chamber to decompose, and then the bones were collected. The chamber is repurposed. As for the coffin, the size is generally small, and the body inside is curled up, with the knee against the chin. They are mostly found in excavated basements or pits.

Later periods, a type of domed tomb or "honeycomb tomb" (OMB) became common, sometimes entirely excavated and sometimes dome-shaped. The burial form is a flat arched chamber, connected from the outside by a horizontal or slightly downward inclined passage, the sides of which gradually close. Funeral utensils appeared, such as coffins made of painted terracotta.

The early religions of the region were essentially the same, with key features such as the worship of the main gods, who inhabited the main images of nature (the sun, the stars, the mountains, the trees, etc.) and held the secrets of abundance. This worship went through a period of idolless period, from which divine objects were derived, such as stones, pillars, trees, weapons (double-sided axes or shields), and so on.

This period before the emergence of the unified dynasty can also be called the pre-Cretan period, which belongs to the Red Copper Age civilization.

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