readx;? Cave Man: The cave at the top of the dragon bone mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info Time: years.

The cave people were in a matrilineal clan society, and women played a leading role in social life, establishing kinship according to matrilineal lineage. There are dozens of people in a clan, descended from a common ancestor. They use common tools, work together, and distribute food together, and there is no distinction between rich and poor.

The cavemen have mastered the techniques of polishing and drilling, and are able to make fires by hand, and live by gathering, hunting, and fishing. They knew how to exchange goods, were able to sew clothes with bone needles, wear ornaments, and practiced primitive religious rituals such as burying the dead and sprinkling hematite powder.

The human brain in the cave reaches milliliters. The height of the male is about 1.74 meters and that of the female is 1.59 meters. Its brain size is higher than the average of late Homo sapiens, and it is at the lower limit of early Homo sapiens, so it is inferred that the cave man at the top of the mountain is a late Homo sapiens hybrid variant after the later late Homo sapiens eradicated and assimilated the local early Homo sapiens.

The most representative of the excavated bone and horn tools is the bone needle, which is the earliest Paleolithic sewing tool found in China. The advent of bone needles meant that sewing was already available at that time. The sewn hides can be used to shelter and protect against the wind and cold, as well as to protect the body.

Although the stone tools of the cave people are not typical, the bone tools and ornaments are very beautifully made. They have mastered the technique of drilling, and they can not only drill straight on one side, but also on both sides. Drilling fine holes in the supraocular bone of the grass carp and the bone needle, which is only 3.3 mm in diameter, indicates that the technology has been quite proficient, and the technology of manufacturing drilling tools has reached a considerable level.

The cave people mastered the grinding technique. Although this technique was only used to make ornaments, it laid the foundation for the emergence of grinding tools in the later Neolithic period. There is one piece of red antlers, the branches and forks have been amputated, the surface has been scraped, and the tip is mutilated, which may have been used as a spearhead.

The cave people also knew how to dye with hematite powder, which made the ornaments more colorful and beautiful. Drilling, grinding and dyeing techniques were not available in previous periods, and the use of these new technologies shows the improvement of human production skills and the richness of life. The appearance of ornaments shows that the cave people on the top of the mountain already have an aesthetic concept.

The cave people buried the dead in the lower chambers, indicating that they already had a primitive religious belief. Some people believe that the hematite powder on and around the corpse symbolizes blood, and the blood of a person is withered, and the substance of the same color is added in the hope that the dead will be resurrected in another world.

The main hallmark of the cave man culture is the application of polishing techniques and drilling techniques to produce intricately shaped bone tools, horn objects and a large number of works of art.

Inscription: "Ming Hongzhi Counsel Doctor Zuo Chang Shi Hanlin Review Ma Zheng Writings."

Pangu clan, ancestor also. Born at the beginning of chaos, Hongmeng was not judged. Cave dwelling and wild place, grass clothes and wood food, dirt and drink. At this time, there is no name of Sanguang Wuyue, no work of three emperors and five emperors, no book of three tombs and five classics, listed in Taiyi, Taichu, Taishi, and Taisu. Pangu clan, sheng ginseng three talents and praise two yi, son three emperors and grandson five emperors, cover is self-righteous and people are extremely established, humanity is clear, and humanity begins. Therefore, it is said: one breath is not divided in heaven and earth, the two rituals are judged, the Tao is in the sage, Pangu clan is based on it, there are hexagram paintings, and there are knotted ropes, and there is a net poppy system, who is not from Pangu to cause evil? The three emperors of Shi Ben, the five emperors of the book crown, the ancient and modern times know that there are three emperors and five emperors, but do not know that there is the Pangu clan, how can it be far away in Soloye! How can we make the people of ancient and modern times know that there is a person but not know that there is a ancestor! Qingshi is also false, there are five miles out of ten in the south of Yi, the traces of the old can be found, the words of the first fear of Zhuang Lie are involved in the void, the history of the history is reduced to delusion, in fact, there is a temple in the inside, there is a tomb in the ditch, abrupt as in the past; Those who have seen and heard all the young people can deduce and think. Walking as a child, he still remembers Chen Rong's ancient appearance, and he is refreshing and compelling. The legend of the native monk: Yang servant and other construction, Hongzhi Wushen Liu Hou saw the seal, Chen Jingchun made a figurine, and a new one, still not prepared. Zhou Hou got out of the car, and Sun Kehui advocated and made a new move. It is easy to be small and large, easy to be stone, easy to be coated with mud and gold and iron, so that the foundation of the eternal is not easy, once it is changed. Wish it rain, pray for it and sunny, retribution is like a sound, whose achievements can be remembered, to hang forever, and Zhao will follow. Remember, dare to inscribe it, inscribe it; Pangu has a temple, the young people look at it; Pangu has a statue, the green people look up; Pangu has a ditch, the green people swim up; Pangu has a tomb, the young people admire; Pangu has a door, the young people see and hear; Pangu has a li, the young people rise; Pangu is famous, and the young people are inscribed.

The seventeenth year of Hongji is in the first month of Jiazi Spring.

Combined with the prehistoric facts we learned earlier and the Taoist legend of the creator god of Pangu. We can roughly draw the following conclusions:

During the primitive period, humans were in the stage of ignorance and lived (not settled) in caves in the wild. He used grass for clothing and gathered fruit from trees for food. When you are thirsty, you go to the river and drink water in your hand, not caring about the dirt. At that time, there were no classics, and later various classics referred to Taiyi, Taichu, Taishi, and Taisu all refer to this stage.

In late Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens invaded Chinese mainland and reached north of the Great Wall, eliminating or assimilating early Homo sapiens such as the Xujiayao people. Early Homo sapiens was in the primitive human stage in terms of organizational form. Late Homo sapiens was in the embryonic state of matriarchal clan communes. Solidarity is much stronger than that of early Homo sapiens. So to be able to defeat early Homo sapiens. Late Homo sapiens was widely dispersed in Chinese mainland. The sites in this period are the earliest Hetao people in Inner Mongolia, the Huanglong people and Hancheng people in Shaanxi are slightly later, and the Qilinshan people in Guangxi and the mountaintop cave people in Beijing (Hebei region) are later.

Due to the difficult conditions at that time, the resources of a site were limited, and the endogamy system was practiced at that time, and it was impossible to distinguish who was the father of the child, so the child only recognized the mother, but not the father. Therefore, when the population of the tribe has developed for a period of time, due to resource constraints, a certain mother will be driven out of the tribe along with her children (who are usually adults).

The mother migrated with her children to a place a little further away from the tribe (on the condition that it would not affect the tribe's food resources) to find a cave to live in. The mother takes the woman to gather fruit at home, while the adult man is engaged in fishing and hunting. As a result, a situation was formed with the tribe as the center, and the satellite clans around the tribe. As a result, the tribe's sphere of influence expanded day by day. The cave people on the top of the mountain are centered on Zhoukoudian and are widely distributed in the vast areas of Hebei. As the population of these clans increases, new tribes are formed, and instead of being related to the original tribe, there is also a competition for resources. At that time, the main role of men was actually to defend the clan tribe from being broken by the enemy, the main source of food at that time was gathering, and fishing and hunting could improve the nutritional status, but fishing and hunting often had many dangers. Women, led by the grandmother, were in a high position because they had the main source of income. And all the people in the clan are direct descendants of the old grandmother, so it is impossible to challenge the status of the old grandmother.

At that time, the clans and tribes were ruled by a dualistic system, similar to the relationship between the governor and the CEO today. The grandmother is the supreme ruler of the tribe, while the patriarch (usually male) manages the day-to-day affairs. In case of important matters, the old grandmother would hold a tribal meeting (all attended, there were relatively few people at that time. If there are more, they will split into new clans) to negotiate and settle it. The old grandmother has the final say.

In the fifteenth mile south of Qingxian County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province (closer to Tianjin), there was a tribe here, and the name of the tribe was Pangu. The old grandmother of the Pangu clan is the prototype of the Taiyuan Virgin in Taoist legends. And the patriarch (named Pangu after his tribe, named Pangu) ~ Pangu is the prototype of the Yuan Shi Tianzun in Taoist legends.

The previous late Homo sapiens were all clothed in grass and lived a savage life of fur and blood. Pangu was born intelligent. On the basis of paleolithic tools, he invented polishing and drilling techniques, and sent people to exchange rich prey from other tribes for artificial fire methods (in fact, it was already possible to make fire manually in the early Homo sapiens period), ending the previous passive situation of needing to protect fire. By grinding animal bones, bone needles were developed. Organize the women left behind in the family to sew animal skins into clothes with bone needles. Let the women wear drilled ornaments. Bone spears were also studied by grinding animal bones, which enhanced the men's ability to hunt and fight. With the development of the Pangu tribe, the productivity has been greatly improved.

In order to strengthen the overall strength of the tribe, Pangu led the men of the Pangu clan to launch a annexation war against other clans around him, and after the war, the men of the rival tribe were killed, leaving only the women and becoming new members of the tribe. Later, Pangu gradually discovered that the children born to the captive women were healthier and less deformed than the original children. At that time, once a deformed child appeared, he had to be abandoned, because there was no surplus food to provide. So Pangu called on the tribe to implement exogamy.

As the tribe grew stronger, more and more tribes were willing to form an alliance with the Pangu clan. The tribes were married to each other and gradually became one. Pangu became the co-leader of the tribal alliance.