readx;? With a reliable army, political stability, and abundant agricultural and mining wealth, the country's population, arts, and religion flourished. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 info Corresponding to the Old Kingdom, which strongly revered the gods, the Middle Kingdom period experienced an increase in "personal piety" known as "democratization," according to which all people had control over their souls and could accompany the gods after death.

Middle Kingdom literature is characterized by sophistic themes and a confident and eloquent style of characters. The relief and portrait sculptures are artistically mastered and meticulously detailed, reaching new technical heights.

The Twelfth Dynasty was the most stable period of rule before the New Kingdom.

In the twelfth dynasty, Amun amun, became the most important god of ancient Egypt. The promotion of the belief in the god Amun is inseparable from the efforts of Amenemhat I, whose name itself contains the name of Amun, showing infinite loyalty to the belief in the god Amun. It may also refer to the fact that he is an incarnation of the god Amun. Amenemhat I moved the capital from Thebes to a new city in the Faiyum Oasis. Named "-tawy" ("Amenemhat was the king of Upper and Lower Egypt"), later shortened to Itawi, it sits southwest of the old capital, Memphis, about halfway between Upper and Lower Egypt, and is conducive to ruling all of Egypt. Thebes remained an important religious center.

The kings of the Twelfth Dynasty skillfully maintained a balance between central and local power in favor of their own rule. They also ruled the southern region of northern Nubia, making it impossible for the Western Semitic nomads, who spread from the desert to the northeastern Nile Delta, to invade. They built magnificent castles on Nubia's eastern border to protect trade routes from Western Semitic raids, but in fact, after thousands of years of infiltration, the Nile Delta has long been inhabited by the West Semites, but they do not have a dominant position.

Steady wealth and political stability allowed the Twelfth Dynasty to achieve great artistic brilliance, with the appearance of high-quality sculptures, reliefs and paintings.

Amenemhart I-I, reigned: 29 years, BC 1976-1947.

His father was a Theban priest named Senusiret and his mother was Nefret from Elphantina in southern Egypt.

Amenemhat I was originally a minister of Mentukhotab IV, the last king of the Eleventh Dynasty. In the latter part of the reign of Mentukhateib IV, he was co-ruled with Amenemhat I, which may indicate that he chose Amenemhat I as his successor.

The Horus name of Armenemhart I was Wilholm-Mesut which means "born again", while Armenemhardt was the name he was given at birth. His royal name was Sehotai Pibra, which means "the heart of the god Ra is satisfied".

When Mentujo IV died in 1976, Amenemhat was already under one man and above ten thousand, but there were still two rivals: Inyutef and Segalseni from Nubia. But soon these rivals were cleared, and Amenemhat I became the pharaoh of Egypt. The foreign surname came to the throne and was called the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt.

However, after his accession to the throne, he may have been under strong pressure from the Mentukhateib family, so he soon moved the capital from Thebes to the new capital Itawi. Since Itawi was located between Upper and Lower Egypt, it was beneficial for him to rule Upper and Lower Egypt.

He began to build his own pyramid near the pyramid of the Sixth Dynasty. His son, Sinusellt I, followed in his footsteps and built his own pyramid near the pyramid closer to the Sixth Dynasty. But his grandson, Amenemhat II, broke this tradition.

Later in the reign of Amenemhart I, around 1956 BC, he began to govern in coalition with his son, Sinusel I, to ensure that the young prince would have sufficient experience in government. Sinusellt I played a large role in the administration of the court.

It was also during this period that he began to build a new mausoleum in Thebes, abandoning the one he had previously built near the new capital. About this mausoleum took about 3 to 5 years to complete. Since then, Thebes has gradually become the place of the pharaoh's mausoleum, and has developed into what later generations called the Valley of the Kings.

He also reformed the state system and weakened the powers of the governors, the Normaz, in the local government. He also redistributed the provinces to their jurisdiction. As a result of this reform, the centralization system developed greatly, and the bureaucracy gradually increased. Another move was to reform the military system and introduce a conscription system.

The term "Asians" by the Egyptians referred to them was those who caused trouble on Egypt's eastern frontier, mainly the nomadic tribes of the West Semites in the Sinai Peninsula and the Canaan region. They frequently invaded Egypt, and Amenemhat drove these Asians back and built a Great Wall-like structure called the Wall of Rulers, a series of fortresses on Egypt's northeastern front. In the war with the "Asians", he also suppressed the few local Nomaz who did not obey the central government.

In Nubia, the army of Amenemhat I advanced south to Elfantion, consolidating Egyptian rule there. This expansion of Nubia was led by the governor of the province of Orix oryx, Kemhotpe I. But in the 29th year of the reign of Amenemhat I, trade with Nubia was no longer as pleasant as it was during the Old Kingdom.

The new policy of Amenemhat I was the conquest and colonization of Nubia with the aim of obtaining resources, especially gold. In 1947, Egypt fought war with Wawat in northern Nubia, and Wawat was defeated. Thereafter, Amenemhat I extended Egyptian power to the south near the Second Falls.

In order to protect Egypt and consolidate the already occupied Nubian region, he built a fortress between Symna and Kaban near the Second Nile Falls, which was the beginning of the Twelfth Dynasty's numerous forts. A fortress was built in the area of the second Nile cataract of the Symna and Freckles, which would begin a series of fortresses of the future Twelfth Dynasty. To protect the territory and gold mines, he built a fortress in Mendes, called Rawati, to cut off southern Nubia's trade links with further south.

Diplomatic and commercial aspects with the Byblos and Aegean (Cretan civilizations) civilizations were in need of re-establishing contacts.