Volume 3, Chapter 13, The more extravagant it is, the more depraved it becomes

The back garden of the palace blooms with the most beautiful scenery of autumn, and the ripe black and red grapes fall to the ground, blooming with sweet juice, and the grape fragrance seduces the industrious ants to drag the broken flesh back to the anthill.

The golden oranges still hung on the branches, shimmering with brilliant gold, and the weight made the orange trees sway and sway.

It is really pleasant to bask in the warm sunshine on such an autumn afternoon and enjoy fragrant coffee in such a place.

"Yuning, there has been a lot of bang in Russia recently, can Gaidar's privatization reverse the failure of Russia's reforms?"

There was still some time before the party began, and Shang Zhiyuan, who had finished discussing things, sat down and asked.

"I am always a little thirsty and sleepy after autumn, and in such weather, if I really lie on a wicker chair and fall asleep staggeringly, I really can't stand the cold." Zhou Yuning's crystal white arms supported the window lattice, and the wind lifted the ends of her hanging hair, and her side face was reflected in the sun. exuded holy warmth, and in the next moment, Zhou Yuning stretched his body weakly, revealing charm in his laziness.

Mr. Mu glared at Shang Zhiyuan hatefully, obviously Mr. Mu was also enjoying this beautiful scenery, but he was completely destroyed by Shang Zhiyuan.

What Shang Zhiyuan said vigorously about Russia is Russia's "shock therapy" -- privatization reform, which takes "liberalization, stability, and privatization" as the core content.

At the end of 91, the Soviet Union collapsed, the CPSU stepped down, and the Russian Federation became independent. The new state inherited most of the legacy of the former Soviet Union. These include a series of problems that the former Soviet Union did not solve: a large number of state-owned enterprises whose production was unsustainable and on the verge of bankruptcy; Large-scale foreign debt, and so on. Russian President Boris Yeltsin held that the reforms carried out in the Soviet Union since the 50s of the 20 th century, piecemeal and tinkering, have not only failed to solve the problem, but have made the problem more and more serious, and as a result, the future of the Soviet Union has been ruined. To avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, Russia should make drastic and profound changes.

At this time, Gaidar, who was just thirty-five years old, was appointed prime minister of the government by Yeltsin. Gaidar applied the "shock therapy" approach almost entirely to a radical program of economic reforms......

Zhou Yuning was enjoying this comfort, and was a little helpless when he heard Shang Zhiyuan's question, so he took a sip of coffee and put it down elegantly before saying:

"It's difficult, Russia's shock therapy was congenitally deficient from the very beginning, Russia was too optimistic about the difficulties, it was not prepared at all, and rushed into battle.

The first step in shock therapy is to liberalize prices. The Russian Government has set a liberalization of 90 percent of the prices of consumer goods and 80 percent of the prices of means of production from January. At the same time, restrictions on income growth were lifted, the salaries of public servants were raised by 90 percent, pensioners were raised to 900 rubles per month, and family allowances and unemployment benefits were also raised.

In the first three months of price liberalization, the results seemed to be immediate, and the results were obvious. The long shopping queues are gone, the shelves are full of goods, and the Russians, who are accustomed to long queues with ticket supplies, seem to see the benefits of the reforms. But it didn't take long for prices to skyrocket like a kite with a broken string, and by April, the price of consumer goods had risen nearly 70 times compared to December '91.

The government wanted to stabilize prices in state-run stores, but did not want black market vendors to collude with state-run store workers to resell goods and make huge profits. Due to the premature liberalization of fuel and raw material prices, the production costs of enterprises have increased sharply, and by June, the wholesale prices of industrial products have risen alarmingly, so high prices have made buyers daunted, the consumer market continues to be sluggish, and the demand is not strong and in turn inhibits supply, and enterprises have compressed production, and market supply and demand have entered a vicious circle. ”…,

In this regard, the Russian government seems to have been prepared for a long time, and has taken the second step of shock therapy, and the fiscal and monetary "double tightening" policy and price reform have been introduced almost simultaneously. The main reason for fiscal austerity is to increase revenue and reduce expenditure. Tax incentives are abolished, and all goods are subject to 20% value-added tax, while excise duty on imported goods is added.

Along with the revenue increase measures, the government cut public investment, military spending, and office spending, included extrabudgetary funds in the federal budget, and restricted local governments from using bank loans to cover deficits. Tighter monetary policy, including raising the central bank's lending rate, establishing a reserve requirement system, and implementing loan limit management, is used to control money flows and curb inflation at the source.

However, what happened was exactly what was expected. Due to the excessive tax burden, the production of enterprises has shrunk further, and the number of unemployed has surged, and the government has had to increase relief subsidies and direct investment, and the fiscal deficit has risen instead of falling. Tight credit has led to a shortage of corporate liquidity, mutual arrears between enterprises, and increasingly strict triangular debts. The government was forced to loosen monetary policy, and fiscal and monetary austerity failed amid the roar of the money printing press......"

These failures have not made Russia give up, and Gaidar believes that the only way for Russia to follow is marketization, when there are only two tools, planning and the market, which have proven ineffective. The main reason why the market-oriented reform could not achieve the expected results was that the enterprises in Russia at that time were basically state-owned enterprises. Competition mechanisms do not work against SOEs, the market is incompatible with SOEs, and the use of market instruments presupposes full privatization ......"

Zhou Yuning should have paid close attention to Russia's reforms, and talked about Russia's affairs like a few family treasures.

But the reality is undoubtedly cruel, Lu Zhengdong also took Zhou Yuning's words and said:

"Russia's shock therapy is finished, and privatization will not change the outcome.

In order to speed up the privatization process, Russia adopted the method of giving away free of charge at the beginning of the year. According to the assessment of relevant experts, the total value of Russia's state-owned property is 15 trillion rubles, and the population is just 150 million. So each Russian received a privatized securities of 10,000 rubles, which he could buy shares freely with certificates. But privatization has only just begun, and now the 10,000 rubles that ordinary Russians have in their hands cannot even buy a pair of leather shoes, and the privatized securities have greatly depreciated, and they are pocketed by a small number of wealthy people at extremely low prices. The end result is in the hands of oligarchs.

What these oligarchs are most concerned about is not the long-term development of the enterprise, but the fact that the employees can not receive dividends and have no right to participate in decision-making.

And because Russia's investment environment and extremely low production efficiency have made it even more intimidating to external funds, the investment that Russia expected and promised by foreign investors has come to naught.

In such a bad situation, Russia's spending on scientific and technological development has been reduced in an all-round way, its investment is insufficient, and it has completely failed to take innovation into account, so that Russia has fewer and fewer products with competitive prices and quality in the international market, especially in the civilian scientific and technological product market, which will be squeezed out by foreign competitors, and the share of Russian products will be further reduced......

Internal and external difficulties, Russia's shock therapy can only make oneself shock in the end, and it is difficult to turn over without decades......"

Russia's shock therapy is full of expectations for these crony capital, if it can be successful, the country will definitely take greater steps in this regard, in fact, whether it is the so-called equal distribution or other ways, in the end these things are in the pocket of those with strong capital, which they are happy to see, but the reality is cruel, Lu Zhengdong simply dispelled the illusions of Shang Zhiyuan and others. …,

Seeing that Mr. Mu and Shang Zhiyuan both had a little regretful expression, it was obvious that they had already thought of this result, but they just wanted to confirm it with an authority like Guò Zhou Yuning.

"The imminent collapse of the Russian economy, especially the shortage of daily necessities, is an excellent opportunity for some domestic businesses and business people......

Lu Zhengdong smiled, it won't be long before a character who exchanges unsalable cans for airplanes will be magically born, in fact, the whole process is not mysterious at all, it is neither as magical as the media reports, nor is it as foolish as later generations refuted, it is a complete and complex business model, which is made up of a lot of cumbersome details linked in series. But even so, the business model of canning for airplanes has shocked a group of business elites, including the two business figures who have always regarded themselves very highly, thus setting off a wave of border trade, in their eyes, what is valued is not how much money the business makes, but a way of thinking......

"Boss, it's almost time, you can enter the venue and prepare ......"

It was still the charming assistant who came in to inform him.

A few people also walked into the place of the gathering, it seems that today is the official gathering, before Zhou Yuning, there are several figures in the economic circles to speak, Zhou Yuning is still the finale, mainly to talk about the issue of the joint-stock system, from the beginning of ninety-two years, the joint-stock system reform began to get on the right track. To be precise, the government has really begun to consider using the shareholding system to transform state-owned enterprises, and has begun to consider using the shareholding system to solve the core problem in the reform of China's economic system -- the reform of state-owned enterprises.

In fact, there is a very big debate on the reform methodology, not only on the reform of state-owned enterprises, but also on the development of the capital market. The focus of debate is whether to follow the 'shock therapy' or choose a gradual and steady gradual transition, whether to explore a market-oriented path that suits oneself according to the national conditions, or whether to use shock therapy to make a one-step transition to the modern enterprise system and liberalized market economy of the West.

Zhou Yuning still tends to be conservative and does not agree with shock therapy, in fact, when talking about Russia, Zhou Yuning has already revealed it, which is very exciting, but because Lu Zhengdong is a person who has come over, he does not feel as shocked as other people here.

After Zhou Yuning finished speaking, it was time for everyone to speak freely, and Lu Zhengdong saw Zeng Huaide Shi Ran and opened his mouth:

"On the issue of the shareholding system reform of enterprises, the establishment of a modern enterprise system is the direction of the reform of state-owned enterprises, and the shareholding system is a form of capital organization of modern enterprises. The joint-stock system has become the main form of realization of a mixed-ownership economy with public ownership as the main body and the coexistence of multiple ownership systems.

I believe that for enterprises with a single state-owned share, it is completely possible to implement the method of state control, one dominant share, and other capital participation, to ensure the state control of state-owned enterprises, because they have absolute control over the enterprises, so as to ensure the flow of state-owned assets, not the loss, this is a wise thing, but also an inevitable choice for development, only in this way can the problem of state-owned enterprises be fundamentally solved. ”

Zhao Yimang, who was next to Lu Zhengdong, whispered in Lu Zhengdong's ear:

"Speaking above is Zeng Huaide of the Zeng family, who is now the deputy director of the Foreign Investment Department of the Commission for the Reform of the System, and is currently responsible for some basic work of the shareholding reform......"

Can Lu Zhengdongyan know Zeng Huaide? Nodding:

"Oh, I'm still very well prepared, I heard that I've been in the capital recently, and I know that I've heard that it's very strong in the capital......"

Zhao Yimang said and smiled:

"Zeng Huaide has some ability, and his reputation in the System Reform Commission is bigger than a day, Zhengdong, I just heard your views on the situation in Russia, it has a lot of flavor, how about it, tell me about it?" …,

The relationship between the Zeng family and the Yun family has always been not very good, and as a person in the Yun family system, Zhao Yimang also knows it.

Zhao Yimang is also comparing in his heart, Lu Zhengdong and Zeng Huaide are both young but have reached a considerable level, especially the family behind them, which belongs to the kind that can call the wind and rain.

No matter how high a person's level is, there will eventually be an end; But the strength of a family is by no means something that can be shaken by one or two generations. In order for everyone to maintain prosperity, it is one thing to stand correctly in politics, and more importantly, it is necessary to have talents.

In this regard, Zeng Yun and the two families have spared no effort, and now it seems that the Yun family is superior, thinking of this, Zhao Yimang couldn't help but say:

"I'm afraid the Zeng family is going all out to push Zeng Huaide to the top. But not to mention, Zeng Huaide does still have two brushes, no wonder they are so refreshing. ”

Zhao Yimang took a sip of coffee, bitter and mellow tastes blended in his mouth, he faintly reminded Lu Zhengdong that although Zeng Huaide was a few years older than him, he was a strong competitor, and at a certain level, the senior management would definitely pull it out for comparison in appointment.

The Economic Research Society is actually a consulting organization, which does not have as many rules and regulations as the formal party and government departments, nor is it as specific and leisurely as the enterprise, which is quite suitable for people like him who have no big pursuits. But to have a good relationship with Lu Zhengdong, this is also a very good choice. He has nothing to pursue, but he also has to think about his juniors, which is why he spares no effort......

Lu Zhengdong understood Zhao Yimang's subtext, but he didn't express any opinion, but smiled faintly:

"Development is the last word, and now you don't understand the economy."

Lu Zhengdong listened to the speeches of several officials, and Zeng Huaide's speech was the clearest in his thinking, Zeng Huaide later entered the ranks of ministerial-level high-ranking officials in his forties, and if he didn't have some goods in his stomach, it would be impossible. However, Zeng Huaide's treatment of the shareholding system as a prescription for all diseases has a big deviation, which is obviously related to his own knowledge structure and experience. ，

Lu Zhengdong didn't plan to speak on such an occasion, but seeing that Zeng Huaide was the most brilliant among the government officials, and there were many people who listened to the heavens.

After Zeng Huaide's speech, under the signal of Mr. Mu, Lu Zhengdong first introduced himself, and then said:

"Through the joint-stock system to reform the property rights system of state-owned enterprises, so that state-owned enterprises can change their operating mechanism, so that the state has the ultimate ownership, and enterprises have the ownership of legal persons, truly realize the separation of powers, establish a modern enterprise system, and let enterprises truly become the main body of market economic activities, thus injecting vitality into invigorating enterprises and invigorating the economy. This is the inevitable development, but the joint-stock system can not solve all the problems, tens of thousands of state-owned enterprises in the country, if the beard and eyebrows are grasped, the result is that the end is not grasped, for the reform of state-owned enterprises, the joint-stock system is inevitable, and grasping the big and letting go of the small is also inevitable......"

There was still a great deal of controversy about the denationalization of state-owned enterprises after a long time, and some scholars even believed that the reform of the denationalization of small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises was actually a major loss of state-owned assets, and even said that those who decided to adopt such a method were criminal!

Lu Zhengdong is very unimpressed with this, it is undeniable that in the process of denationalization, there must be a loss of state-owned assets, and this number will not be too small, but if state-owned enterprises are not denationalized, state-owned assets will not be lost?

First, at a time when the non-public economy is making rapid progress, state-owned enterprises that are bound by the system and carry historical burdens are getting worse and worse, and not only can they not create profits, but they also have to use taxpayers' money to paste them upside down. …,

And the bigger problem is that in addition to low production efficiency, even an ordinary clerk to buy some office materials to find a way to inflate the price, the actual price and the difference between the inflated price into the arms, which is commonplace in the enterprise, as for the supply department to eat kickbacks, the sales department to play tricks that are also numerous, not to mention the leadership of the enterprise, when such a thing becomes a trend, the final fate of the vast majority of enterprises is still collapsed, and in this way, while it can still be sold for a few dollars, it is always sold for a few dollars, Otherwise, not only will not be able to change a single child at that time, but with financial subsidies and so on, the loss will be far greater than that of denationalization!

Lu Zhengdong's views are almost-for-tat with Zeng Huaide:

"The so-called grasping big is to focus on cultivating large enterprises and enterprise groups with strong strength and strong competitiveness, so that they can become large enterprise groups that operate across regions, industries, ownership systems, and transnational borders, maintain the dominant position of the state-owned economy, and continue to let the state-owned economy occupy a dominant position in important industries and key areas that have a bearing on the lifeline of the national economy. At the same time, it also keeps the country's economic life relatively stable and reduces social shocks.

Letting go of small enterprises means opening up and invigorating small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. Reducing the size of the state economy can not only shrink the front, change the situation of excessively wide distribution of the state-owned economy, improve the economic efficiency and effectiveness of enterprises, but also help reduce social shocks and promote gradual reform......"

Lu Zhengdong systematically analyzed the operability and pros and cons of grasping the big and letting go of the small, and after speaking, the audience was silent for a while to digest his words, and after a while, warm applause rang out.

Zeng Huaide stared at where he was sitting for a long time, obviously not expecting him to speak so brilliantly.

Everyone else also looked at Lu Zhengdong inquiringly, Zeng Huaide was able to talk about the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, after all, Zeng Huaide has been working in a large state-owned enterprise in the capital for a long time, and now he is working in the ministry in charge of this aspect of affairs.

And Lu Zhengdong, this remark is clear and very systematic, more than a step above Zeng Huaide's speech, and Lu Zhengdong has been working in the wild land of Xihe! That's what shocked the people the most.

Especially the people who work in the ministries and commissions secretly gloat in their hearts, Zeng Huaide's limelight in this circle is too strong, they have become a supporting role to accompany his wisdom and martial arts, completely covered by Zeng Huaide's brilliance, and it is really relieving to have such a number one person kill his majesty......

And Zhou Yuning's feelings were even stronger, originally after she finished speaking, she didn't have the heart to listen to other people's speeches, and sat on the side and chatted softly with Mr. Mu's assistant, but Lu Zhengdong's speech attracted the attention of the two of them at once.

Originally, Lu Zhengdong's thoughts on Russian reform after dinner made her feel a little surprised, and now this impromptu speech surprised her even more.

She knows a lot about the Yun family, and the people of the Yun family themselves are all in the party affairs up and down, and no one works in the high-level economic department, so it is impossible to get the guidance of his family......

Zhou Yuning looked at Lu Zhengdong thoughtfully, and said silently in her heart: Lu Zhengdong will also be a popular figure in the capital in the future, through the observation of the past two days, Lu Zhengdong is good enough in all aspects, she didn't expect it at all before, but it was so good that she was a little worried - if Xue Yu really became Lu Zhengdong's wife, she would definitely be completely shrouded by his light, Lu Zhengdong was really ...... It's so good......

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At dusk, there is nothing surprising about No. 8 Wangfu Road in the circle of houses full of history, but inside it is a different scene, and a small parking lot is simply an exposition of famous cars.

Mr. Mu smiled and said: ...,

"Zhengdong, are you really going to sit like this?"

"I just came from the county, and I'm still a little uncomfortable, so I'll just sit and enjoy it, you go and busy yours, so many guests, don't worry about me......"

The people who came to cheer basically had female companions, and even if they didn't, Mr. Mu, as the host, made thoughtful and considerate arrangements, but Lu Zhengdong politely refused.

Lu Zhengdong knows Mr. Mu's arrangement, he can be regarded as having seen the extravagance of this circle, people are so strange, where the more extravagant and decadent, the more attractive it is. It is difficult for ordinary people or righteous gentlemen full of benevolence and morality to resist such temptations, but there must always be a degree, especially for an official like him, indulged in it, and if it goes too far, there will definitely be problems, no matter how big his backer is. -- The backer will step down one day, so he still keeps an appropriate distance.

There are a lot of people who came to cheer today, but Mr. Mu still spent a lot of attention on Lu Zhengdong, which is the object of his focus tonight. For him, when the business reaches this level, money is naturally not a problem, but many things other than money are problems. Small fights, it's not his style, if you want to make it natural, you can make it big.

The water in this circle is too deep, and from the background, he is nothing at all, and he is harder than him. The Yun family looks at the influence of the economy very little, but as a member of this circle, he understands some things better, cadres engaged in the economy always need to be promoted and evaluated, and the Yun family's strength in this area should not be underestimated, but he and the Yun family have never had anything to do with each other, and they have never found a suitable opportunity.

And Lu Zhengdong actually has a good foundation in the economy, which gives him an excellent opportunity to get close to Lu Zhengdong, so he also specially prepared a female companion for Lu Zhengdong, but obviously Lu Zhengdong is still very cautious, and used a very good reason to decline his proposal, but Lu Zhengdong can agree to come, which is enough, and he has enough patience for Lu Zhengdong......

Mr. Mu confessed before he went to greet the other guests, Lu Zhengdong sat there, drinking slowly, while enjoying the song and dance performance on the stage, young and dynamic, the youthful beauty and sexuality of women were vividly interpreted.

After the actors on the stage finished performing, when they left the stage, they greeted a place a little more specially, and Lu Zhengdong couldn't help but follow the target.

Lu Zhengdong was very surprised to see a very familiar figure beside Zeng Huaide - Zhang Ziyi.

Zhang Ziyi seems to be the first time to appear on such an occasion, a little excited, and seems to be a little uncomfortable with such an atmosphere.

Lu Zhengdong couldn't help but secretly say that this world is really too small, and a huge capital can actually meet old people, and then Lu Zhengdong couldn't help but sigh that Zhang Ziyi's so-called desire to study was just a sentence, and the temptation of extravagance was really difficult to resist, once a person took the first step of degeneration, it would be difficult to restrain his footsteps. Lu Zhengdong looked at Zeng Huaide and Zhang Ziyi with some playfulness, Zeng Huaide had a smile on his face, and smiled very reservedly, obviously, Zhang Ziyi was carefully dressed tonight, the necklace on his chest exuded dazzling light, and the uniform fine-grained small diamonds inlaid in the hem of the evening dress were also eye-catching, the long skirt that dragged the floor was slightly exposed, and the slender and tight belt of the skirt set off the extremely elastic and flexible waist, and the hair bun hung down and tied into a bundle at will, hanging between the waist and hips. It's even harder to take your eyes off her plump buttocks. A touch of black on the chest, but it contrasted with the delicacy of the skin, and when he turned around slightly, Lu Zhengdong saw that Zhang Ziyi's evening dress was in the style of a robe, and the skirt passed from the collarbone down to the armpits, and the white armpits were full of articles, and the visual experience highlighted another sensitive point other than the fullness of the chest.

Among everyone's female companions, Zhang Ziyi can be regarded as a beautiful crown, it seems that Zeng Huaide was overshadowed by him in the afternoon, and he wanted to regain some face at night.

Lu Zhengdong took a sip of wine and took a sip gently, this is the real Zeng Huaide, the real things are hidden under the seemingly smiling smile.

Lu Zhengdong couldn't help but smile secretly, if Zeng Huaide knew that Zhang Ziyi was already drinking and laughing in Xihe, I don't know if the smile on his face would be able to hang up?