Chapter 17 The first chemical product soap appears

Time goes back to the time when Liu Hou and Sun Shangxiang fought against each other. There is a watchtower in the corner of the barracks, and you can overlook the entire barracks from the tower. Two people stood on the tower, watching the battle between the two sides with great interest.

One of the middle-aged people with big ears is none other than Liu Hou's cheap father, Liu Bei. The other is a young man under the age of 30, only to see him with a lupine scarf, a short beard under the chin, and a blue scribe's uniform, which is exactly the popular white-faced scholar style.

"Strategist, look, this Adou is really nonsense, using branches to block the enemy, it's really a child's trick." At this time, Liu Da'er spoke. It turned out that this young scribe was Zhuge Liang, the spokesperson of the wise man through the ages, and he was also a person that Liu Houding admired.

"Otherwise, please look, Adou's trick seems to be nonsense, but it has a miraculous effect. The use of tree branches to block the enemy is not only effective, but also cheap, almost everywhere, and can be made at any time, and Adou is also a whimsical idea. Moreover, he uses long-range weapons such as bows and arrows with tree branches to block the enemy, and although this combination is simple for a seasoned person, it is rare for a 3-year-old child to think of this. ”

"Hmph, the branches are blocking the enemy, and he can figure it out, it's because they're playing with the house. Really go to the battlefield, so that the brave warrior with a big sword in his hand can be cut in a moment; If he charges with cavalry, what can his branches do? His soldiers were defenseless, and if they were to be shot at them with archers, they would be able to overcome them as well. ”

Liu Bei has been fighting horses for half his life, not in vain, such a simple military common sense is eloquent. Of course, he naturally didn't know that the real wolf was specially handled, and ordinary swords were not easy to cut. And the complete Mandarin Duck Butterfly Array will definitely not be so easy to break.

"As for him being able to think of this, I don't think so, Adoubai Zuo Dao Chang has been a teacher for a while, and it is estimated that Zuo Dao Chang taught him to arrange troops like this." Liu Bei added.

"Oh, Zuo Ci is a person, there are a lot of rumors, although most of them are absurd things, but there is no vanity under the fame. Even Cao Cao and Sun Quan can tease in applause, and their people must not be simple. Zhuge Liang frowned.

"Well, this Zuo Ci has been hiding in the room for alchemy for so many days, if it weren't for the fact that I saw Adou's formation today, I would have wanted to drive him away."

"It is rumored that Zuo Ci is proficient in the Five Classics, understands alchemy, the art of looking at qi, and the art of the house, and his person is proficient in astronomy, and can deduce the general trend of the world and the rise and fall of the country from the stars. But no one has ever known that he still knows the art of war and military strategy, which is really strange. Today, I look at this formation seems to have a deep meaning, but there are obvious flaws, Adou put out, it is estimated that it is a certain part of the formation, maybe for some reason, he did not put out a complete formation. "Zhuge Liang is worthy of being the spokesperson of the wise, and he can see the problem of the formation at a glance.

"Hmph, what else can it be, it must be that Adou is stubborn and didn't study hard, so he only memorized part of the formation." Liu Bei said hatefully, he didn't want to think about it, if it was really a 3-year-old child, it would be shocking to be able to do this.

And Zuo Ci, the strange person in the mouths of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, is now vigorously doing real yàn in the chemical real yàn room (alchemy room). Why is it so vigorous to do chemical practice? Because he often makes fires, or smoke, or even small explosions. Every day, when I walked out of the real yàn room, I and Ge Xuan were covered with smoke and dust.

In the eyes of outsiders, they only felt that Zuo Ci's alchemy room was often shining with red light, thunder roaring, and magical, and they felt that he was unfathomable.

Just after Liu Hou and Sun Shangxiang came back from the first battle, Liu Hou, who was changing clothes, was knocked open by Zuo Ci and broke in. I saw Zuo Ci dancing with his hands, and through the dust on his face, his face could be seen glowing red.

"Little boy, haha, I succeeded."

"What did you succeed in?" Liu Hou was not shocked, rolled his eyes and continued to change his clothes.

"Soap, soap, according to the method taught by Master, it was finally made." Zuo Ciyi was excited, forgot the previous agreement, and called out the word "master".

"Really?" Now Liu Hou was also a little excited, "Bring it to me quickly." ”

Zuo Ci handed over a pottery bowl like a treasure, and the bowl contained a lump of pale yellow paste. Liu Hou looked at it, except for the irregular shape and the difference in sales, it was very similar to the old soap he used before. Liu Houyi snatched the pottery bowl and said, "I'm just going to take a bath and try its effect." With that, he ran to the bathroom, and Zuo Cile followed.

When Liu Hou arrived in the bathroom, Mrs. Yuan's two personal maids, Xiaocui and Xiaohong, had already prepared hot water for him on a wooden basin. Liu Houxing was about to soak in, when he saw Zuo Ci also coming in, and suddenly his face was black.

"That...... Old, I want to take a bath. ”

"yes, I know."

"That'...... Can you go out first. Liu Houjian said it so clearly, he didn't open his mind, so he had to directly state his purpose.

"Huh? Oh, this, I'm not just trying to watch the little boy experiment with the function of this soap. Zuo Ci looks like a studious baby.

"Nima, man old dog, what's so beautiful, you have to look back and see yourself." Liu Hou said angrily.

"Little boy, what do you mean by a man and an old dog?" Zuo Ci looked confused.

"It's nothing, I said, old man, brother, I don't like to be stared at in the shower, understand." Liu Hou added in his heart: "Of course, if it's a beautiful woman staring, it's another matter." ”

Then he said: "You have to look at the real results, don't you go back to the shower yourself and try it better than looking at other people's?" You must know, 'What you get on paper is shallow, and you never know that you have to do it.' 'Everything has to be experienced to know what it's like.' In order to enhance his persuasiveness, Liu Hou casually read two lines of Lu You's poems.

"It's shallow on paper, and I never know that I have to do it." Zuo Ci muttered to himself and read these two sentences a few times, and it seemed that he was fooled by Liu Hou again.

"Master is worthy of being a master, and only a master can say such thought-provoking words, the apprentice is here." As soon as he was excited, he forgot to call Liu Hou "little boy" again. After speaking, Zuo Ci bowed deeply to Liu Hou, and then exited the bathroom.

Liu Houke didn't care about him so much, and took a bath with soap under the service of the two little girls. In addition to taking care of Mrs. Gan, who has been bedridden for a long time, the two maids have almost become Liu Hou's personal maids, and they are also Liu Hou's most intimate people at this stage. They didn't feel much about Liu Hou's 3-year-old Luo body, and Liu Hou certainly wouldn't feel embarrassed.

I feel like I've been feeling for a long time, and I can finally say goodbye to that sweaty, greasy life, and after taking a shower, my whole body is refreshed. For Liu Hou, who is a little bit clean, the days of washing hands, bathing, washing clothes, and washing dishes without soap are really unpleasant. Especially after going to the toilet, Liu Hou didn't want to mention how awkward he was.

Now there is finally soap, although the quality is a little worse, compared with the soap of later generations, there are still many deficiencies, but this is a real soap after all, not soap, not plant ash, is a real surfactant with both hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups.

After being away from modern civilization for more than one year, Liu Hou got a piece of soap, a product of modern civilization that was so ordinary in later generations that it could no longer be ordinary, also represented Liu Hou's solid first step towards modern civilization, and Liu Hou couldn't help but be unhappy.

After taking a bath, Liu Hou summoned Zuo Ci and asked him about the process of making zuò with soap.

It turned out that after Liu Hou taught him the knowledge of soap-making, Zuo Ci set out to look for raw materials for soap-making everywhere. Grease can be found everywhere, so naturally there is no need to worry about it. But he couldn't find another main ingredient for soap making, alkali.

Although he had also heard that some people washed clothes directly with soda stone, it was a minority after all, and it was in the soda stone production area. He inquired in Jingzhou and the surrounding cities, but failed to find any soda stone for sale.

He traveled all over the mountains and fields around Jingzhou, collecting all kinds of ores everywhere, and finally found no trace of alkali stone. That's why it took him so long to make soap.

Later, I had no choice but to implement the second set of plans given by Liu Hou - the idea of beating grass and wood ashes.

First of all, Zuo Ci calcined the ore collected from various places in the hope of obtaining lime, which was also the second task given to him by Liu Hou. The hard work paid off, and after Zuo Ci refining in the alchemy room for a period of time with blazing fire and thunder, he finally got some lime of not high purity.

Although Zuo Ci did not find limestone, in fact, many stones contain calcium carbonate, which is the main ingredient in limestone. For example, the calcium carbonate content in marble is as high as more than 50%. Zuo Ci compared many kinds of stone calcination products and found a stone with relatively high calcium carbonate content, and the purity of lime obtained from the calcination of this stone was relatively high.

Liu Hou also had to admire Zuo Ci's spirit of study, he was not necessarily so persevering, dozens of stones, one by one to calcinate, to compare, this is a rare and valuable scientific spirit, and he was secretly glad that he had found the right person.

According to Liu Hou's guidance, Zuo Ci dissolved these limes in water and finally obtained calcium hydroxide. Then, he dissolved the plant ash in water, filtered it, concentrated it, and got a clear liquid, the main component of which was potassium carbonate. After mixing lime water with these plant ash solutions, you can get potassium hydroxide, and the alkali comes out!

k2co3+ca(oh)2→koh+caco3↓

Then, the obtained potassium hydroxide solution is mixed with lard, heated and stirred for a long time before the reaction is complete, and then salt is added and salted out to obtain this lump of soap.

These chemical reactions are very simple and basic chemical knowledge, Liu Hou learned them in middle school, so he explained the principles and steps of these reactions to Zuo Ci in detail many times. Although Zuo Ci didn't know much about the principle, after all, he lacked a lot of basic knowledge, but he remembered each step clearly, and strictly followed the teachings of "Heavenly Immortal Master". The general direction is right, Zuo Ci tried many times under the bumps, and finally made a lump of soap.

Although Liu Hou knows the principles and general steps, he doesn't know many details, after all, he hasn't done these things by himself.

For example, this reaction time is a problem, Liu Hou began to think that as long as these ingredients are mixed together, the soap will come out as soon as it is cooked, but who knows that it is not the case at all. After many attempts, he couldn't get the soap, so Liu Hou thought that something was wrong, so he asked Zuo Ci's master and apprentice to repeat this experiment over and over again, and also tried to change the proportion of various raw materials and tried to keep trying, but the results all ended in failure.

This time, it was because of the continuous work of the real yàn, everyone was so tired that they couldn't do it, Zuo Ci was older after all, so he went to rest first, leaving Ge Xuan alone watching the fire, who knows, Ge Xuan was also so tired that he fell asleep. When Ge Xuan woke up, he unexpectedly found that the yellow object described by Liu Hou appeared in the pot. was so excited that Ge Xuan immediately woke up Zuo Ci. Zuo Ci immediately dedicated this magical yellow paste to Liu Hou.