Chapter 304: Judicial Independence~Standing
The first half of the plan discussed by the monarch and ministers was basically done according to Sima Yi's proposal, so that all the magistrates could relax and happily hand over their current positions, and then happily go to a county of the same level to continue to be officials and enjoy the blessings.
Of course, the civil officials who followed their respective troops would not be idle, they would temporarily take over the affairs of the newly occupied cities occupied by the Hong army, count the treasury, and hand over and escort most of the money and grain to Xuchang or the place designated by the emperor to be transported. When the new magistrates arrived, they would remain in these counties as the deputies of the new magistrates, and they would be called to assist the taishou or county officials and herdsmen.
A county, in addition to the taishou or county order, there are other officials, and the official system of the Han Dynasty has been quite perfect and complex. Taking counties as an example, counties below the county level, large counties (more than 10,000 households) have county orders, and small counties (less than 10,000 households) have county heads, all of which are the highest magistrates of a county. At the same level as the county, there are also provinces, provinces, and eups. The country is the Hou State; Yi is the fief of the queen, the queen mother, and the princess; If there are ethnic minorities living in the territory, it is called the Tao.
After Liu Hou swept the world, he felt that such a division was too cumbersome, and unified these county-level administrative units as counties, and the chief executives as county orders. Among the administrative units at the county level, in addition to the number one leader of the county order and the county magistrate, there are also officials such as Gong Cao Shi, County Lieutenant, County Cheng, Master Book, Ting Peng, Chief Record Office, Shaofu, Menxia Surrender, Menxia Thief Cao, Menxia Yicao, Menxia Pengshi, Lushi, County Zuo, County History, and so on.
What a county magistrate wants to accomplish depends on these officials under him to complete, and it is impossible for a presiding official to do everything himself. Therefore, if you can fully grasp these officials, you can completely set aside the county order. Of course, it is impossible for Liu Hou to replace all the county officials with his own people, and he does not have so many human resources at hand, all he needs to do is to grasp the important posts in his hands.
First of all, the generals in charge of the military must be their own people. At present, each county has a company and each county has a battalion. It is impossible for these soldiers to be separated from the main battle unit, otherwise, the several divisions formed by Liu Hougang will soon be disintegrated.
The soldiers are generally selected from the original local defenders to select some of the usable ones, and then recruit some veterans who have been discharged, and if they are not enough, they will re-recruit some civilians. All this will have to wait for the new military attache to take office, depending on the situation. These military attaches are generally junior officers in the Hong Army who are older and need to be discharged, and some are junior officers who have been disabled in battle and can no longer stay in the army.
These garrisons need to have an organization, or a yamen, and Liu Hou directly named it the Ministry of Armed Forces, and these troops are also directly called the local garrison. Military attachés are also called according to their official positions, with county military attachés being called company commanders and county military attachés being called battalion commanders.
These garrison attachés were familiar with the training methods of the Hong Army and had rich combat experience, and with them, they would soon be able to train a useful local guard army. The point is that these people have a kind of blind worship and loyalty to Liu Hou, and even if those county commanders have different intentions, it is impossible to command them and the army they have trained single-handedly.
Then, the person in charge of personnel is generally the person sent by Liu Hou, and for an organization, financial power and personnel power are crucial things. Therefore, the Shaofu in charge of financial planning also needs to be grasped in hand.
Grasp ~ these three positions, and a county is basically under the control of the imperial court. Even if the county officials want to play any tricks, they can't jump out of Liu Hou's Wuzhi Mountain. According to Sima Yi's "trick", Liu Hou deliberately set up a new official position: supervising the imperial history. Its functions are equivalent to those of the procuratorate and a secret espionage organization.
Well, the name of the secret spy organization is a bit unpleasant, and it's not entirely right to call it Jinyiwei, they actually just have reconnaissance rights, whether it's done secretly or openly. They will collect evidence of crimes committed by anyone in their jurisdiction, including those of the prefectural magistrates.
When they have evidence of someone's crime, they will send a note (equivalent to an arrest document) to the county lieutenant (secretary of the political and legal committee), and the county lieutenant will find the thief Cao (director of the public security bureau) and ask him to arrest the suspect as soon as possible. If the suspect is too powerful to be arrested quickly, they will also ask the armed forces to send a garrison to assist in the arrest of the suspect.
After the suspect is caught, the superintendent submits the detected evidence to the court and prosecutes the suspect. Originally, the county lieutenant was the judge to hear the case, and sometimes the county lieutenant would hire some officials to assist him in adjudicating the case, and these officials were generally called judges.
Now Liu Hou has made the court independent and become an institution that is not subject to the management of the county order, and correspondingly, the trial of cases is also in charge of special judges (judges), and the county order and the county lieutenant are no longer allowed to interfere in the trial process. This is even a little different from the era in which Liu Hou originally lived, which is a completely independent judicial structure.
If it is said that the above-mentioned Shaofu and Gongcao Shi are still subordinate officials under the jurisdiction of the county order (except that Liu Hou has placed his own people in these positions to further elevate the county order), then on the other hand, the Ministry of Armed Forces, the Supervision of the Imperial History, and the court are the same as the units directly under the central government in later generations, and are not subject to the jurisdiction of the county order and the Taishou magistrates, but adopt the form of vertical management.
In addition to the independence of the courts, in fact, Liu Hou's judicial system is almost a copy of the structure of later generations. However, it is also very similar to the ancient judicial structure. In the Han Dynasty, the central and local prefectures, counties, and counties had the power to appoint judicial magistrates directly in the hands of the emperor, and the judicial subordinates of local prefectures, counties, and counties were elected by their governors according to their own laws.
Therefore, according to the original system of the Han Dynasty, judges can actually not bird the county order, although they are still nominally the second official of the county order, but their merit evaluation and promotion transfer are not decided by the county order. However, there is a saying that officials and officials guard each other, and those who come out to be officials are all human beings, generally hello, I am good, everyone is good, and everyone can face each other to be more conducive to work.
Therefore, these assistant officials generally have a good relationship with the county order. Although the county order cannot decide whether they go or stay, it also has the right to impeach, and it can make it difficult for you in matters such as material funds, manpower offices, etc., if the relationship between everyone is too stiff, it is not good for everyone, so, according to the original system, the county order can still have a great influence on the trial process.
Now, after the court and the supervision of the imperial history have become units directly under the central government, the above-mentioned disadvantages have been greatly improved. The prefectural magistrate and prefectural prefectural officer are largely unable to interfere in the entire judicial process. The system of judicial independence has led the world for more than 1,000 years. Of course, the sinister Sima Yi privately believed that the little emperor engaged in this system precisely to facilitate the settlement of accounts in the future.
Because the county order and the county lieutenant cannot affect the judicial process, it can be greatly facilitated to supervise the imperial history and investigate the bad deeds of those corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and facilitate them to collect evidence. When the time comes, we can throw out this evidence in one fell swoop and bring all corrupt officials to justice
This time, Liu Hou took advantage of the opportunity to accept the land and forcibly implemented the reform of this administrative structure in these newly acquired places, and the biggest difference this time was that there were more procedures for the supervision of the imperial history to issue arrest approval documents and submit public prosecutions. It is equivalent to the emergence of an additional supervision department to avoid the loopholes of the county lieutenant covering the sky and indiscriminately trying the case, and even framing him.