Chapter 41: The Pantheon IV
readx;? The god Ptah is the creator god of Memphis and the god of the land, the god of crafts, and his wife Goddess Sekhmet and his son Nefer Tim constitute the three-pillar god of Memphis. Pen | fun | pavilion www. biquge。 info appears as a mummified man holding a scepter decorated with the life talisman "ankh". Combine with Lord Sokal to become Lord Ptah-Sokal, the patron saint of the cemetery.
As the worship of Amun and Ra became more and more prevalent in Upper and Lower Egypt, the Theban rulers of the New Kingdom invented the god Amun-Ra as the new state god in order to unite the followers of Amun who had been worshipping the old Ra since the Eighteenth Dynasty. The "god Amun-ra" was officially given the official title of "King of the Gods" by worshippers, and when combined, the deity took the form of a man with a lion's head and red eyes, and a sun plate around his head.
In some texts, the god Amun-la is described as an elderly king with gold flesh and silver bones and lapis and stone hair. It is believed that Amun Ra was based on the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu. Amon-Ra's identity, along with Zeus and Jupiter, was recognized by the Greeks and Romans. The Greeks even gave Thebes the name of Theospolis - the "City of Zeus". Amun-la sometimes has the image of a phoenix.
Ra merged with the god Horus to become "Ra-" (meaning "Horus facing the sunrise"). La Horemacht refers only to the journey of Ra as the sun from the horizon (east) to the horizon (west), or to the god Ra as a symbol of hope and rebirth. The god Ra or La Horimacht is represented in a variety of ways. The most common image of the god Ra is the head of an eagle with a crown of sun discs adorned with the image of the holy serpent Ulaeus. Other common images are: a man with a beetle's head (as a Hebry), a sheep-headed human body, a burly ram, a beetle, a phoenix, a heron, a snake, a cow, a cat, a lion, and so on.
Hebri, a scarab beetle representing the rising sun in the morning, is sometimes represented as the god Ra in the morning. It represents the movement of the sun on the day of the day. Originally a symbol of the beetle dung beetle (dung shell lang), it was later deified, because the dung beetle rolled the dung into a circle to push and carry, and was combined with the reincarnation of life by the believers of the sun god, giving the god Capri the meaning of the rising sun. It appears as a man with the head of a dung beetle or a man wearing a dung beetle crown.
Knum is seen as the god of the night. One of the creation gods, the spouse is Hect, Ness or Shati. Originally the main local god of the first waterfall area of Elephanta Island in Upper Egypt, and also the god of water of the Nile, he created man on the pottery wheel, and was later widely believed. Kunum was also the patron saint of potters. Appears as a man with the head of a sheep.
Hect, the goddess of the frog's head, was one of the eight most worshipped gods by hermits. In is considered to be the wife of Knum.
Sati Sati, the elephant goddess, the wife of Knum, has a human head and wears an Egyptian crown, and on his head has antelope horns.
The notion that the god Ra rules over different times of the day in different appearances (or rather different faces) of the god Ra is quite common. Hebri and Knum preside over the sunrise and sunset, while the god Ra symbolizes the noon of the day, when the sun reaches its highest point during the day.
When Ra was in the underworld, he united with Osiris, the god of death, and became a god of death as well. His most common feature in Hades is the head of a sheep and the human body. Under this image, the god Ra is described as the "ram of the West" or "the ram in charge of the harem".
By the time of the New Kingdom, the worship of the god Ra had become more complex and grand.
According to legend, the god Ra sailed during the day and night on two solar ships called "Manjet" (the ship of ten thousand years) and "Maisatet". These ships carried him through the skies and the "duat" - the underworld of Egyptian literature. Sitting on the ship "Mesektet", the god Ra presents the image of the ram god. When he travels, he is accompanied by various other gods, including Sia (insight) and Hu (giving orders) and heka (magic). Sometimes some of the Nine Elements helped him on his journeys, such as Seth helping him fight the serpent Apophis, and Mehan helping him fight the monsters of the underworld.
Apep, also known as Apophis, the god of chaos and the worst enemy of the god Ra, is a giant serpent who always tries to disrupt the daily movement of the solar ship by interfering or hypnotizing the star. He lurked beneath the horizon, trying to devour the god Ra who had descended into Hades. When he devours Ra, it causes the sun to go down, and after swallowing Ra completely, night falls. But he never succeeded in swallowing the god Ra, and in any case, he always had to spit it out, so that the sun would rise as usual every day.
At night, the Egyptians believed that the god Ra appeared in the image of the god Atum or the ram. The "Ship of Mesektet" takes him through the underworld and returns to the East to be reborn again. These myths of the god Ra symbolize the rising of the sun as the rebirth of the sun by the goddess of the sky, Nut, and thus the concept of rebirth and renewal of the god Ra also highlights his role as the creator.
The walls of the pharaoh's mausoleum were dedicated to depicting his "journey to the underworld" in detail. It is said that the sun boat of the god Ra carries prayers and blessings from the living to the deceased. During the rise of the New Kingdom, the idea that the god Ra and the sun were old became more and more popular. Among the many worships to the god Ra is praise, prayer and chanting of mantras to help Ra and the sun boat defeat Apop.
After the Eighteenth Dynasty, Osiris and Isis became very popular.
In the time of Amarna, Akhenathong implemented the monotheistic Reformation, indicating that at this time the religious worship had developed to an advanced stage, and Akhenathong regarded himself as the servant of the god Atun and the god Atun as the only true god, and all other worship was forbidden, and the worship of Tara was suppressed. His successor, King Tuvan Hamun, was restored to his former worship of Amun Rah by the priests.