Chapter 45 Emperor Xin Conquers Dongyi
That is, Zhou regarded the Shang Dynasty as gods, and his ancestors were no longer listed among the gods. And he is not a god in this world. The priestly class was only responsible for the worship of the gods, and was no longer connected to the royal power, which not only severed the connection between the government and religion, but also left room for the religious priests to survive.
"The Book of Rites: The Records of King Wen and Officials" put forward the "Six Signs of Observing People" -- this is the most complete, systematic, and mature method for identifying talents, which is not only the "art of observing people", the art of physicism, but also the "art of officials" and the art of employing people. King Wen of Zhou taught Taishi (Jiang Taigong) to examine the quality of character and evaluate the merits of talents, which had a profound impact on the identification and inspection of talents in later generations.
Later generations of Zhou Gong, Confucius, Zhuangzi, LΓΌ Buwei, Zeng Guofan, Liu Shao, Zhuge Liang and other people who knew and looked at each other were all deeply influenced by King Wen's "Six Expeditions and Observation of People". Confucius highly admired the pioneers of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wen and King Wu, and judged right and wrong by the way of civil and military affairs. He once said, "Zhang but not relaxed, civil and military Fu can also; relaxed but not relaxed, civil and military Fu is also; one piece is relaxed, and the way of civil and military is also." Confucius's views on judging and discriminating people are reflected in the Analects and Confucius's Family Sayings.
The ancient Chinese generally had a reverence for the ancients, and imitating the ancient sages and the "three generations" was a topic that the ancients talked about. King Wen of Zhou is the perfect image in people's minds.
The number of people who have taken the resurrection ceremony as their responsibility in the past dynasties is innumerable. Due to the long age and the lack of literature, people may not know a lot about King Wen of Zhou, and Zhou rites may not be perfect, but as a kind of yearning for the king of Qingming and the system of Qingming, its significance is still positive, so it is not too much to say that King Wen of Zhou in the abstract sense has influenced Chinese history for more than 2,000 years.
Later generations of Confucianism, in order to link morality and politics, promoted King Wen as a typical example of an "inner sage and outer king", and the influence of King Wen became greater and greater.
Because Confucius lived in the Spring and Autumn Period when etiquette collapsed and morality deteriorated, he especially admired King Wen, and he dreamed of restoring the "depressed and literary" Zhou etiquette.
The Mausoleum of King Wen of Zhou is located in Zhouling Middle School, Zhouling Town, Weicheng District, 6 kilometers north of Xianyang City. The circumference of the bottom of the tomb of King Wen of Zhou is 310 meters, 11.8 meters high, and there is a stele stone erected by Bi Yuan in the Qing Dynasty in front of the tomb. The hills are basically well preserved, and the dedication hall and the wooden archway have been repaired and painted.
Ji Fa, reigned 1060-1044 BC.
Ji Fa, Ji surname, name Fa. Born in 1138 BC.
In the forty-second year of Emperor Xin (the first year of King Wu of Zhou, BC1120), Ji Chang's son Ji Fa inherited the title of West Earl of Zhou and was called King Wu of Zhou by later generations. At this time, Ji Fa was 78 years old, and Jiang Ziya (Lu Shang) was 91 years old.
King Wu of Zhou moved the capital from Fengyi (west bank of the Feng River, Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi) to Haoyi (east bank of the Feng River, Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi). Fengyi and Hoyi are collectively known as Fenghao (Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi).
After King Wu of Zhou, Fengjing was the seat of the temple and the garden, and Hojing was the center of the residence and administration of the King of Zhou. Ho Kyung is also known as Zong Zhou.
In order to win Jiang Ziya's support, King Wu of Zhou married Jiang Ziya's daughter Yi Jiang as queen. In fact, King Wu of Zhou was 78 years old at this time, and the amazing thing is that 5 years later, Yi Jiang gave birth to the later King Cheng of Zhou, and then gave birth to Tang Shuyu. It can be seen that at that time, both King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou were old and strong, which may be because the founding monarch had many sons and many blessings, and often the king of the dead country had difficult heirs.
Obviously, King Wu of Zhou must have had a wife and children before he ascended the throne, but for the sake of his relationship with Jiang Ziya, King Wu of Zhou still established Yi Jiang as his queen.
King Wu of Zhou honored Jiang Ziya as "Master and Father", that is to say, he was also a master and a father, and gave Danshu (iron coupons). Probably Jiang Ziya was the first minister in history to be awarded the Danshu Iron Coupon. Its effect is similar to that of the gold medal of later generations. It is often awarded by the Ming monarch to the courtiers who have made great contributions, and most of them appear during the founding of the country.
King Wu took his brothers Zhou Gongdan and Zhao Gongxao as assistants to further rectify internal affairs, strengthen military strength, and become increasingly strong in national strength.
In the spring of the forty-third year of Emperor Xin (the second year of King Wu of Zhou, BC1059), Emperor Xin reviewed the army on a large scale.
In ancient times, if an earthquake or other disaster occurred during the reign of the king, it was a manifestation of the king's immorality, and sometimes the king had to issue an edict to introspect himself.
In the forty-fourth year of Emperor Xin (the third year of King Wu of Zhou, BC1058), King Wu of Zhou Ji Fa Fa Fa Li (so the purpose of Fangdi, also known as Qiqi, Changzhi Lucheng, Shanxi).
As mentioned earlier, Qi was originally a vassal state of Shang and was conquered by the Zhou army during the reign of King Wen of Zhou, but after the death of King Wen of Zhou, the forces loyal to Shang re-emerged, became independent again, changed the name of the country to Li, and re-declared their loyalty to Shang.
After stabilizing the government for a short time, King Wu of Zhou sent troops to conquer and completely eliminate the Li State.
When King Wu of Zhou destroyed Shang and divided the princes, he was given to the descendants of Emperor Yao, and he was given the title of marquis, and he still used the name of Li State. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Li Kingdom moved its capital to Lihou City in the northeast of Licheng County, Shanxi, and was later destroyed by the Jin State. After the destruction of the Li State, the national stars were scattered, and its descendants took the country as their surname, which is the origin of the Li surname.
In the forty-seventh year of Emperor Xin (the sixth year of King Wu of Zhou, BC1055), Neishi Xiang Zhi fled to the Zhou Kingdom.
Since the beginning of the large-scale battle with Dongyi, Di Xin spent nearly 20 years, the Eastern Expedition and the Southern Expedition, and poured the strength of the whole country into order to eliminate the great plague of the past century. It was only in the sixth year of King Wu of Zhou that it basically came to an end.
Legend has it that the Shang army once organized elephant teams to participate in the war, and after many fierce battles, they finally razed the east and pacified the east, capturing many Yi people to replenish the slaves and soldiers. In particular, the victory of the crusade against Xu Yi expanded the territory of the Shang Dynasty to the coastal areas of Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian. Di Xin's use of troops against the various departments of the southeast Yi side protected the security of the Shang Dynasty.
After the unification of the southeast, the advanced production technology and culture of the Central Plains spread to the southeast, promoted social progress and economic development, and promoted national integration. Mao Zedong commented on Di Xin: "In fact, King Xuan is a very capable person who can write and martial arts. He unified the southeast and consolidated the unification of Dongyi and the plains, which was a meritorious work in history. β
From Diyi to Dixin, the battle between Shang and Dongyi, including the previous battle with Yifang, was a long and extremely costly battle, which also greatly damaged the national strength of the Shang Dynasty, which had gone downhill after Wuyi. It accelerated the demise of the Shang Dynasty and left an opportunity for the ill-intentioned Zhou State to replace the Shang Dynasty.