readx;? But the advent of Sargon changed all that, turning this south-to-north unification into a north-to-south unification, with the more backward Akkadians ruling over the advanced Sumerians. In this sense www.biquge.info Sargon was indeed the most prominent figure of his time.

Sargon was also very good at grammar.

After all of Sumer was subsumed under the Akkadian territory, Sargon reformed politics and established a centralized monarchy, in which "there is only one mouth under heaven", and all localities obeyed the central government. He took the 10-day itinerary as one district or province, and its governors were chosen from among the children of the court or the Akkadian nobility. He also recruited some former Sumerian nobles and representatives who supported him to participate in politics and discuss politics in order to ease the contradictions with the occupied areas.

Sargon's background as a gardener and the natural conditions of the Sumerian city-state led him to pay great attention to the maintenance of the irrigation system, and he built many canals to expand and improve the irrigation system.

Sargon unified the country's weights and measures in decimal units to facilitate domestic trade, unlike the Sumerians who preceded it, although the Sumerians had a decimal system, but the decimal system was more commonly used, and the Akkadian implemented the decimal system that evolved into the decimal system used by our modern people. It is worth mentioning that their foreign trade actually reached the Indus Valley.

With the dispersion of the Shamash dynasty and the advent of the Akkadian dynasty, the Shamash script and the Shamat language became known as the Akkadian script and the Akkadian language. It developed further during the Akkadian period and began to be promoted as an official language, gradually replacing Sumerian, and largely replacing spoken Sumerian around 2000 BC. But Sumerian continued to be spoken in Mesopotamia as a sacred, liturgical, literary, and scientific language until the 1st century AD.

Like the later Assyrian Empire, Akkad conquered the kingdom by force and ruled on a shaky foundation.

But the empire was still very loose, and the city-states were still very independent and could only be maintained by force, and in his later years, the states became independent and besieged him in the city of Akkad. Later, he used the Praetorian Guard to suppress the rebellion.

The second sons, the eldest son and eldest grandson, Rimush, Manishtushu and Naram Sin, all spent their lives fighting to maintain the semblance of the loose empire.

Rimush, reign: 9 years, 2315-2306 BC.

In 2315 BC, Sargon died after 55 years of reign, and his youngest son, Rimush, succeeded to the throne of Akkadian as the second king of the Akkadian dynasty.

When Rimush succeeded to the throne, the Sumerians in the south rebelled, and the Akkadian city-state of Ruder in the north became independent.

Not to mention distant Syria, where the Second Ebra Dynasty became independent again, and the Waiter took control of Marry, who was reinvigorated.

King Remush of Akkadian first sent an army against your and captured more than 5,000 princes and warriors, fought against the rebels of Kazaru in central China and captured his princes and more than 5,000 soldiers, and rebelled against the eastern alliance in the cities of Pingadab, Zabaran, and Der, capturing more than 14,000 princes and warriors. When Del again united with Uruk to rebel, he captured more than 3,000 people including King Del and put hundreds of inhabitants to death.

In 2312 BC, when the eastern Elamite city-states were a great threat to Akkad, Remush led an army into Elamite under Hishep Rateib II, destroying several cities and fighting the king of the powerful state of Parahesi, capturing 4,000 men, including his vice-king. Hishep Rat II was forced to swallow his anger. The frequent conquests of the Remush reflect the fact that the overlords of the nations could only rely on force to maintain their hegemony and defend themselves against foreign enemies.

The purpose of these wars and expeditions was clearly to strike at the old aristocracy and to subdue the conquered peoples. However, these expeditions did not bring about profound socio-economic changes, and the vast majority of prisoners of war were killed, so the number of domestic slaves in the royal temple remained low. But the consequence was a significant reduction in the number of Sumerians. The foundation was laid for the extinction of the Sumerians.

From the inscription created by Remush in the temple of Enlil in Nippur, we know that he offered to the temple the spoils of war plundered from Elam, 15 kilograms of gold and 1.8 tons of copper, but only six males*slaves*.

Manishtushu, reigned 15 years, 2306-2291 BC.

During his short reign of eight years, Remush waged frequent wars and a very small number of slaves, which caused strong resentment among the Akkadian nobility. This led his brother Manishtushu to find an opportunity to quickly unite with the Eastern Semitic nobles. After the union, while Remush was busy with the war with the Elamites, he completed the preparations for a mutiny, and when Remush defeated Elam and returned to the city of Akkad, after the expeditionary army was disbanded, he colluded with the Janissaries led by the nobles to launch a mutiny.

In 2306 BC, Rimush was struck down by nobles with stone seals. Sargon's eldest son, Manish Tushu, who was also the elder brother of Remush, succeeded in seizing the throne of Akkadian and was the third king of the Akkadian dynasty.

As a result of the change of throne, the Sumerian states became independent again, and the Elamite king Helu, with the support of the emerging Anshan and Engsi of Shirimin, also declared independence.

However, due to the early blow of the Remush, the vitality of the Sumerian city-states was not restored, so Manishtushu successfully quelled the uprisings of the states. However, in order to alleviate the rebellion of the Sumerians in the country, Manishtushu formulated a number of provisions stating that the city-states had a certain degree of independence and that the king could not take the lands of the city-states as his own. This had some success, and the Sumerians did not revolt during their reign.

After quelling the rebellion in the country, Manishtushu turned his main efforts to Anshan and Shiriban on the Elamite side. He crossed the Tigris River east and conquered 32 cities on the side of Elam, led by Susa, and Heru had to be a vassal and pay a large tribute of gold and bronze for his sins. The statue of Manishtushu was also consecrated by King Awan Heru to the Elamite god Narut as a sign of submission to Akkadian.

To the north, the power of the Akkadian Empire reached Nakar (modern) in the Habur Delta and the city of Ashur in the middle reaches of the Tigris.

The city of Ashur was originally one of the cities founded by the Eastern Semites during the Shamash dynasty, and was later occupied by the Hulian people, the yellow indigenous people of the Indo-European language family, after the fall of the Shamash dynasty. These Julians may have been the heirs of the Samarra culture.

Manishtushu drove out the Hulian and returned Ashur to Eastern Semitic control.

Manishtushu developed seaborne trade with Meluha (in India), Magan (off the coast of Oman) and Dilmun (on the western coast of Bahrain and the Persian Gulf). Every year, a large number of merchant fleets travel to and from the Persian Gulf.