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Because furniture appears more frequently in the text, let's talk about the furniture of the Tang Dynasty. As follows:

The Tang Dynasty was at the transition of the Xiju era and the era of vertical feet, although high-type seating has appeared, but most of the interior furnishings are still mainly movable screens, beds, several cases, and cabinets, and life is mainly carried out on raised beds.

There is no heir to the Tang Dynasty furniture, and if you want to understand the furniture furnishings of the Tang Dynasty, you can basically only use paintings, unearthed murals and other image materials and a small number of unearthed models.

Let's take a look at the furniture and furnishings of the Tang people.

[Bird Feather Standing Female Screen] - (This is the kind of screen that stands outside the pool where Princess Jinyang and Xiao Yan bathed)

The screen is one of the most important interior furnishings in the Xiju era.

The subject matter of the screen picture is very rich, which can be roughly divided into several categories: landscape, palace, people, grass and trees, birds and beasts, such as ancient landscape paintings, Tang Qinzheng Building, Tang Dynasty ancient palace paintings, hunting pictures, ancient paintings, standing women, night tours, dancing horses, deer, grass and trees, birds, woods and stones, eagles and cranes, etc. The materials include paintings, bird feather stickers, clamps, and valerians.

"Bird feather standing female screen six fans, four feet six inches high, one foot nine inches wide, scarlet yarn edge, with wooden boards as spotted bamboo stickers, black lacquer nails, blue silk back, scarlet clamp valerian fan, rubbing cloth bags."

"Ti" is the frame wood, which is processed into a bamboo-like frame with wood, and the perimeter of each frame is framed with crimson yarn. The core wood on the back of the screen is connected and fixed with iron nails, and the edge frame is painted black, and the longitudinal and horizontal timber of the core wood and the base cloth are fixed with black lacquer nails. The six screens are joined by crimson clamps, called fans. The back of the screen is framed in turquoise silk. Most of the standard sizes were about 5 feet (149 cm) high, 1 ft 8 inches (55 cm) wide, and 6 fans were about 11 feet wide.

The most striking thing about "Bird Feather Female Screen" is the screen painting on it, which is the style of the six-curved screen of the beauties under the tree, the first three ladies stand under the tree, and the last three ladies sit on the stone under the tree, the posture is different, the moth eyebrows are detailed, the body is plump, the cherry mouth is red, the face is false, the lady's clothes have been covered with bird feathers of different colors, but basically have fallen off, only the lines remain. This is typical of the popularity of the end of the Kaiyuan Dynasty and the beginning of Tianbao.

【Coercion and more feet】

For example, "rosewood painting coercion", with a long persimmon wood as several sides (top plate), red sandalwood thin boards pasted on the top, and nanmu boards at both ends. There are two legs at each end, and three layers of ivory rings are set at the narrow part of the middle section. The pedestal and the surrounding area are inlaid with gold and silver, depicting flowers, leaves, curly grass, and butterflies, and are meticulously crafted, with a white mattress to match the size.

The so-called "coercion", that is, the ancients called "Pingshi", can also be called "relying on a few".

Several sides are straight, two feet are placed below, and when sitting cross-legged on the couch or seat, it can be placed in front of the body to rest, or placed on the side to lean on the side at will, which can be called another important type of furniture in the era of Xiju.

Tang Taizong, who was sitting on a chariot in "Walking Diagram", placed this object in front of him.

In addition to the several cases of furniture placed in front of him, there are also fence cases that can be placed and read and written. This kind of case has a very long history, common since the pre-Qin period, among which the short one can be placed on the couch as painted in the "Gao Shi Tu" of Wei Xian of the Five Dynasties, and the tall one can be placed in front of the bed or Zen chair as shown in the many Vimala Sutra variations of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, and can also be used as an offering platform, which has evolved into various pieces of furniture in later generations.

【Bed & Reclining Bed】

The "bed" is a simple four-legged case-shaped knot low bed, with traces of lead stucco decoration on the surface, and a number of stacks (cushions) and mattress fragments, covering (quilting).

Most of the daily life of the Tang people is carried out on various beds, and the bed is the most important furniture in the room. This four-legged low bed was very common in the Tang Dynasty, in addition to serving as a bedding, it can also be used as a general seat, or sit cross-legged, kneeling on it, or sit on its edge, or placed on both sides of the large bed (table) for side-by-side banquets.

"Leaning on the bed", the Tang people also called it "rope bed", that is, a chair.

The shape of chairs in the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into two categories: armchairs and backrest chairs, of which armchairs are divided into two types: arch-backed armrests and straight-backed armrests. The head is straight, and the ends are out. The drawer is wide and deep, made of rattan material, people sit on it, wide to accommodate knees, similar to the Zen chair called in later generations.

In addition, there is a high-arched back chair without armrests, which is the predecessor of the later chair.

Zen chairs have appeared in the murals of the Northern Dynasties in Dunhuang, and they have become more and more common after the Middle and Tang Dynasties. In the murals of the late Tang Dynasty caves in Dunhuang, there happened to be several four-legged beds and Zen chairs at the same time, and the monks sat on them. - But it is rude for the Tang people not to sit on a chair in the home of a hospitality.

【Double Six Innings and Gums】

"Double Six" is Shuanglu, which is an ancient chess art popular since the Wei and Jin dynasties, and it was very popular in the Tang and Song dynasties.

Take the red sandalwood double six bureau as an example, the plate is rectangular, pasted with red sandalwood, there is a crescent-shaped "door" in the east and west sides, twelve eyes on the left and right, and one flower eye in the north and south, all of which are inlaid with ivory. The plate seat is made of boxwood, and it is surrounded by ivory, dyed green antlers, boxwood, ebony, red sandalwood, etc., inlaid with gorgeous colorful flowers and birds, that is, the so-called "wood painting". There are two doors on the east and west sides of the seat, and one door on the north and south sides, which is one of the popular door shapes of the bed and couch furniture in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are also accessories such as various colors of double six subs, dice, double six cylinders, double six sub boxes, lacquer edge fence niches (lacquered rattan double six boxes) and so on.

Tang Zhoufang's painting of the "Inner Shuanglu Map" has the scene of the Tang Dynasty court women's game Shuanglu, because the lady sits on the stool, so the Shuanglu Bureau also uses a two-layer door bed seat to elevate it.

"Gum" type door seat is widely used in Tang Dynasty furniture, can be regarded as the most important Tang Dynasty furniture components, is very common in Tang Dynasty paintings and unearthed models, can become beds, seats, can also be made of various bearings, trays, shelves, such as Zhou Fang's "Infant Picture Scroll" The lady sits on the large square bed, the food bed in the Dunhuang murals [is the big long table], the Pure Land Temple Jun Ling first instigated?? ¢ Drop Take? br>

General boxes, cabinets and other utensils often have a bed base underneath. For example, the red sandalwood painting double six bureau with a piece of "lacquer edge fence niche", the box lid is the top, the whole body is made of fine bamboo strips, the edge is painted with black lacquer, and the lower is connected to the tooth bed base, and the shape is similar to the five dynasties of the early Song Dynasty unearthed in Suzhou Tiger Hill.

There are also a number of wooden tables called "offering tables", which are general Tang-style cots, or square or round or multi-angled, and also mostly in the shape of dental beds, on which boxes, boxes or general items can be placed.

There is another type of wooden cabinet called "Tang Cabinet", which has four legs underneath.

To sum up, if you want to arrange a Tang Dynasty living room, the most important furniture is a number of beds, with the bed as the center, on it, you can set up curtains, screens, and place a variety of several cases for support, place, in addition, you can also arrange a number of rope beds, leaning beds, pestles and other chairs and stool furniture, as well as a variety of cabinets on the ground with the foot of the bed.

If it is a banquet place, you need a large dining bed, and a long bed or pestle is placed on both sides.

If it is a study, in addition to the couch screen, the fence for reading and writing [that is, the leg can be stretched below] is also indispensable.

Dunhuang mural paintings and interior layout, most of the simple ones only have a large bed, followed by a screen, the tomb furnishings are also so configured, the coffin bed is painted behind six screens or three screens, and the front is drawn music and dance, service map, simulating the scene of the master watching the dance and enjoying the pleasure.

The Nelson Museum has a set of white porcelain ware from the Sui or early Tang Dynasty, including beds, tables, tables, hooves, hidden sacs, smokers, lamps, and boxes, which also roughly reflect the daily furnishings in the Sui and Tang dynasties.

- Author: Raising Eyebrows and Sword Dance

When I looked through the furniture materials, I saw this information of "making zhang" and "making tiles", and I remembered what is common in novels, so I put it below. As follows:

The "joy of making zhang" and "the joy of making tiles" that have been used so far originated from the Western Zhou Dynasty and have a long history.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, if the newborn baby is a girl, it is necessary to build a house for the newborn girl, which is a house specially built for girls, and will add pepper to the wall, and use a special process to make the house full of aroma, called "pepper house", and the construction of the house will inevitably be used in the tile, the so-called tile, is the front end of the palace house.

Wadang was first produced in the Western Zhou Dynasty, when the tile was generally plain, and there was a kind of decoration with a special pattern - heavy ring pattern, both of which were semicircular in shape.

Therefore, at that time, the nobles of the Western Zhou Dynasty also called it "the joy of making tiles" for giving birth to girls, which means praying for the blessing of girls, being able to marry a good family, travel a good time, and be rich to the point of whiteness.

This small tile, but also to "Qin brick Han tile", long stay in the memory of history, the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty to the present, in the passage of the years, in the infinite sigh of things and people, in the vicissitudes of life, in the reluctance to go to the east of the river day and night, what remains unchanged is the love of parents for their children.

The "Zhang" in "The Joy of Langzhang" refers to jade, which is used for sacrifices, and is called "six instruments" together with the five kinds of jade artifacts of Bi, Cong, Gui, Huang and Amber.

The shape of the jade is a flat, square shape with a perforation at one end and a beveled blade at the other.

There are five types of jade: Chizhang, Dazhang, Zhongzhang, Bianzhang, and Yazhang.

Among them, Chizhang is made of red jade, that is, agate, as raw material, and it is mainly used to worship the southern god of the four gods, Suzaku.

The three kinds of Dazhang, Zhongzhang and Bian Zhang were used by Zhou Tianzi to worship the mountains and rivers during his patrol, and different sizes of jade were used according to the size of the mountain, with large mountains and rivers using Dazhang, medium-sized mountains and rivers using Zhongzhang, and small mountains and rivers using Bianzhang.

After the sacrifice is over, if Zhou Tianzi sacrifices to the mountain, he must bury the jade in the ground, and if it is a river, he must throw the jade into the river.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the patriarchal society, and the family was divided into large sects and small sects, and the sacrifice was presided over by the sons of the large sects.

This kind of etiquette originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty and developed later, and there was a special name called "Casting Dragon".

Tang Dynasty customs, in the three days of the birth of the child, to solemnly hold the first ceremony after birth for the newborn, because in this ceremony, there must be the custom of bathing the baby, so it is also called "washing the child", and because it is on the third day of the birth of the newborn, it is also called "washing three".

When the "washing three" is held, just as the nobles of the Western Zhou Dynasty call it "the joy of making Zhang" and "the joy of making tiles", it conveys good wishes to the baby.

When the Li Tang royal family carried out the "washing three", they must use a golden basin, which is also called the "washing basin".

"Washing three" is not ordinary water, but according to the famous Tang Dynasty medical scientist Sun Simiao's "Thousand Golden Prescriptions", "children are born for three days, and it is advisable to use peach root soup bath". People in the Tang Dynasty believed that the peach root could "go to the ominous and make the child free of sores for life", according to the eyes of today's people, the peach root soup used for washing children for three days in the Tang Dynasty may not have such a magical effect, but what is condensed in it is the love of parents for their children.

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