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The customs of the Tang Dynasty (comprehensive arrangement)

1. The fashion trend list of the Tang Dynasty

The most fashionable food of the Tang Dynasty - Hu cakes, Hu food such as Nana;

The most fashionable dress in the Tang Dynasty - wearing a beard with lapels, plackets, and narrow sleeves; Wearing all kinds of hats such as virtual tops, ear covers, and muddy hats;

The most fashionable music of the Tang Dynasty - the music played was Xiliang, Tianzhu, Goryeo, Qiuci, Anguo, Shule, Gaochang and other Western Regions music, especially Qiuzi music. (hua.advertisement)

The most fashionable dance of the Tang Dynasty - Qiuzi Dance (fast-paced Hu Xuan, Hu Teng Dance);

The most fashionable entertainment in the Tang Dynasty - playing the "Splashing Han Hu Opera" (winter red. barefoot, throwing mud and water at each other to show that they are not afraid of the cold) and foreign entertainment activities such as polo and double land;

The most fashionable mainstream makeup in the Tang Dynasty - the "makeup of the times" from Tubo, and the "blood smudge makeup" of Yang Guifei in the court.

The most fashionable "foreign wine" of the Tang Dynasty - Sanle pulp (hahaha) and dragon paste wine of the Persian brewing method; Wines of the Gaochang Brewing Method.

The most popular place in the Tang Dynasty - the wine shop where the orchid served wine.

The northwest corner of Xi'an, the largest migrating tribe of the Tang Dynasty, was home to 300,000 Persians, known locally as "Huifang", mostly descendants of the Persians of the Tang Dynasty: men with beards, curly hair, and heroic fierceness, while women were naturally beautiful, bright-eyed, and tall.

The most popular auspicious words of the Tang Dynasty - congratulations, the name of the Wild Goose Pagoda.

2. The Tang Empire Food List

Tang Imperial Food and Health Award - Prime Minister Li Linfu's "Manna Soup" Li Linfu boils He Shou Wu, deer blood, and deer tendons into "Manna Soup" every day, which is said to make hair turn from white to black, including ** hair, kidney deficiency, nocturia...

Zhang Yizhi, the male favorite of Wu Zeren, the ——- of the Tang Empire's Food Barbarism Award, invented the "goose and duck burn", put the goose and duck into the iron cage with charcoal fire, the goose and duck were roasted by the fire and ran around the cage, and when they were thirsty, they drank the spice five-flavor juice placed on the edge of the cage - and finally the goose and duck would run until they were exhausted and roasted until the feathers were exhausted, and then the meat turned red. The condiment tastes three points. (When those ducks are tortured, they will face Zhang Yizhi with tears in their eyes: they are born from the same root, why are they in a hurry to fry each other, although this duck is not the other duck, they are the same duck family, why do you want to do this to the same duck?) The latest chapter of Huaguan Road! Sad? Miserable? ）

Tang Imperial Food Creativity Award - Tang Xuanzong's sister-in-law, Mrs. Yu Guo, invented "deer intestine wine".

In order to understand the problem of transporting the wine, she hung the deer intestines in the air, and made people pour wine from the roof into the cup through the deer intestines during the banquet. Imagine that the water pipes in the bathhouse have turned into deer intestines, and the wine is flowing loudly, and you can hold it in a cup or open your mouth wide, how refreshing.

The Most Shocking Effect Award of the Tang Empire's Cuisine - the "Reluo River" of the minority general Ge Shuhan's "Reluo River" is a pot of fresh deer blood boiled deer intestines, which is red and fishy, and the double shock of vision and taste.

Tang Imperial Gourmet Luxury Award - Li Gongtang, Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty, "Li Gong Soup" uses precious jade, treasure beads, realgar, cinnabar, and seashell decoction, and each cup of soup costs 30,000 yuan.

Tang Empire Food Waste Award - Princess Taiping's Daming Palace "Muddy Sheep Death" goose filled with five-flavor minced meat into the belly of the sheep, stitched and roasted the sheep, and after roasting, the sheep was discarded and only the goose meat was eaten.

The Tang Empire Food Mass Award - "The Ruling and Wild Heroes" recorded the two heroes on the first day of "cooking pigs and sheep equal to eight feet in length, and the pancakes are more than eight feet long", wrapped in venison as thick as a pillar; The next day, the meat was chopped with a large awl, and the carriage galloped to pour the wine, and the horse dragged the meat quickly.

The Tang Empire's Food Shocking Award - "The Ruling and Wild Days" recorded the two heroes who "cooked a slave more than ten years old, presented their heads, hands and feet, and the guests all grabbed their throats and vomited". (It's so dramatic, wait until you're done eating to show the human head, haha, it turns out that you just ate human flesh!) Angry with you, scared to death, disgusting to death, sad to death you, just to shock the world! There are poems: I don't see the ancients before, I don't see the people who come after, I read the ancient and modern times, and I am shocking to the world! ）

The first person in the Tang Empire's cuisine - Zhang Heng, a native of Zhongshushe (equivalent to the secretary general of the Central Committee).

When Wu Zetian was in power, after Zhang Heng retired from the court, he couldn't help but buy freshly steamed steamed cakes on the side of the road, and ate them while walking on a horse, which greatly reduced the image of civil servants, endangered the majesty of the country, hindered international diplomacy, and was finally dismissed by Wu Zetian. (For a street snack lost the official, it can really be described as the first stupid hat in ancient and modern times, it is said that this steamed cake is very popular, the secret recipe is steamed out of a liter of face Sanhe lard, you must eat it while it is hot, it is particularly delicious, if you want to get rich with this, don't forget to pay for the information!) ）

2. Ice cream in the Tang Dynasty - Sushan

Very early on, the aristocratic rich would hide the ice cubes in the underground ice cellars and take them out to make cold drinks in the summer.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, saltpeter was mined in large quantities for the production of gunpowder. By chance, it was discovered that when saltpeter dissolved in water, it absorbed a large amount of heat and could reduce the temperature of the water to freeze, so people mastered the method of making ice in summer. Savvy businessmen shaved ice cubes into ice chips and sold them with sugar and spices to make the "first generation" of ice cream, which was like the crushed ice eaten today.

Cheng Xu, deputy director of the Shaanxi History Museum, introduced this ice cream from the Tang Dynasty.

Cheng Xu said that in the "Lady Picture" of the Tomb of Prince Zhanghuai of Tang Dynasty and the mural "Wild Banquet Picture" of the Tang Dynasty, "Crisp Mountain" appeared, and two of the six characters in the "Lady Picture" of Prince Zhanghuai's Tomb are holding "Crisp Mountain". Some experts previously believed that the ladies were holding bonsai, but Shaanxi experts judged that the items held by other ladies in the pictures were food, as well as the exquisite plates holding "bonsai", and that the ladies were actually holding "crisp mountains" with flowers

"Sushan is the equivalent of the ice cream we eat today." Cheng Xu said that according to the literature, the bottom layer of the mountain should be ice, covered with cream, ghee, and ornaments such as flowers and colored trees.

The so-called "crisp", which is roughly similar to our today's cream and butter, is a kind of dairy product, which was introduced to the Central Plains from the northern nomads. At that time, "puff pastry" was considered not only to taste good, but also to be extremely nutritious. In addition to the white "Crisp Mountain", later there was also the red or green "Crisp Mountain" dyed by "Guifei Red" or "Meidaiqing".

So, how was ice cream made during the Tang Dynasty?

Some works have introduced the general method of "crisp mountain": it is usually made by women, and the "crisp" is heated until it is almost melted and very soft, and then it is drizzled on a plate or other utensil to make a mountain shape, and then it is frozen in an ice cellar. According to records, the "Sushan" made of cream was particularly popular in the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties.

I don't know if there are any poets in the Tang and Song dynasties who like to compose poems while eating ice cream, it must be very cold and cool. [Imagine Li Bai eating ice cream while composing a poem "Flying down three thousand feet", hahaha]

3. Drinks of the Tang Dynasty

In addition to tea and wine, the Sui and Tang dynasties also attached great importance to other beverages, especially sheep cheese.

The drinks of the Sui and Tang dynasties paid attention to color, aroma and taste, and introduced different varieties according to different seasons.

"The Great Cause" records the drinks of Emperor Wen of Sui and Emperor Yang of Sui: "There are Zen masters who make offerings in the lifespan, make five-color drinks, take Fufang leaves as green drinks, pull wedge roots as red drinks, buttermilk as white drinks, black plum syrup as Xuan drinks, and Jiangsheng as yellow drinks. It is also made as a five-spice drink: the first agarwood drink, the second clove drink, the second sandalwood drink, the second Zelan fragrance drink, and the second sweet pine drink, all have different methods, mainly incense. ”

There are four seasons of food in the "Book of Food": "In spring, there are Fufang drinks, cinnamon drinks, Jiangsheng drinks, camellia drinks, peach blossom drinks, and in summer, there are cheese drinks, black plum drinks, honey sand pond drinks, ginger drinks, honey grain leaf drinks, plum drinks, hemp drinks, and wheat drinks; In autumn, there are lotus house drinks, melon drinks, lemongrass drinks, Gaza pond drinks, Maimendong drinks, kudzu drinks, betel nut drinks; In winter, there are tea, white grass drink, wolfberry drink, ginseng drink, tea drink, fish drink, Suzi drink, and Zhu Pei. "Most of these beverages are processed from the color and aroma of the flowers, leaves or fruits of plants. For example, Fufang in Fufang Drink "its tree grows and winds around its tree." The leaves are round and thick, and do not wither in winter. In summer, take its juice, scorch it with a slight fire, boil it, drink it, it is green, the fragrance is very beautiful, and it makes people not thirsty." Judging from the different drinks listed above, the drinks in spring are mostly aromatic and refreshing, in the summer they are mostly sweet or pungent, in the autumn they are mostly cooked with melons and fruits, and in the winter they are the most tonic and tonic. This is quite in line with the nutritional and hygiene needs of the human body.

In the Tang Dynasty, the drinks of the royal family were quite noble, and Tang Gaozong had "ice chips and hemp drink", "horse cheese" and so on.

The usual drinks are feta cheese and apricot cheese.

The poets have many verses about these two drinks. Chu Guangxi: "The apricot color is full of forest sheep cheese is cooked, and the wheat is cool and the pheasant medium is low. "Han Hong's" has always been here to praise the sheep cheese, and it has its own lovely flavor of ulva. "Du Mu" endured cooking cheese and played jade plates from the general. The "tortoise Meng" is difficult to overcome, and the sheep cheese is not spared. "Cui Lu" apricot cheese gradually fragrant neighbor porridge, elm smoke will turn into furnace ashes" and so on. It shows that feta cheese and apricot cheese occupy an important place in people's minds.

Fourth, the fragrant winter warmth of the Chang'an drunkards

Chang'an wine shops are lined up, wine curtains and flags of various colors are hung in front of the door, and young women play and blow silk bamboos to attract passing diners. The kaki industry is so developed that a kind of puff pastry has appeared. Chest. Wai of the special service. Chang'an is very cold in winter, and the drunkards feel chills all over the body after being drunk, so in order to prevent vomiting, they need to be warmed up, and the method is to let the escorts/wine girls sit in a circle and use their body temperature to stimulate the alcoholics' energy to resist alcohol poisoning. According to the ratio of 1:20, the number of kabuki at that time was probably more than 100,000, and the competition was particularly fierce.

Fifth, there are turtles in the Tang Dynasty

In the Tang Empire during the Tang Xuanzong era, the whole people were immersed in the melody of Qiuzi music.

At this time, Qiuzi had a population of 80,000, and all the people were businessmen, and the country was strong. In the middle of the 7th century, in order to facilitate the rule of the Western Regions, the Tang Dynasty moved the Anxi Protectorate originally located in Xizhou (now Turpan) to Qiuci, under the jurisdiction of Qiuci, Khotan, Shule, and Xiaye four towns (referring to important military towns), and Qiuci became the political center of the Western Regions. The collision of Chinese and Western cultures has created the brilliance of Guzile.

Guizi is good at absorbing various instruments, forming a fully equipped band, and the instruments are-

String instruments: bow-shaped gonghou, vertical gonghou, five-string pipa, curved pipa, etc.

Musical instruments: pan flute, flute, transverse flute, etc.

Percussion instruments: big drums, waist drums, thin waist drums, drums, bells, cymbals, etc.

Guizile is known for its enthusiasm and passion, the so-called "sonorous boring and boring, Hong Xin is horrible". Percussion instruments occupy a dominant position in Qiuzi music, and the Book of Tang records: "Inspiration songs, more use of Qiuzi music". A local musical instrument that originated in Qiuzi, the 筚篥 is the main instrument in Qiuzi music. Originated from West Asia, the pipa and the vertical gonghou, after the improvement and dissemination of Qiuzi artists, became popular in the Central Plains, and are still traditional Chinese musical instruments.

The introduction of Qiuzi music promoted the reform of musical instruments in the Central Plains. Many musical instruments used by the folk in the mainland today, such as the pipe, the ancient name of the pipe, the pipa, the waist drum, the horizontal flute, etc., are closely related to the spread of the Guizi music.

Spinning and leaping are the performance characteristics of Qiuzi dance art, and the famous "Hu Xuan Dance" and "Hu Teng Dance" are all important parts of Qiuzi music and dance. The Tang Dynasty's "General Dictionary" recorded that the Qiuzi dance began to stretch slowly, and then began to turn urgent, "the emotion is in the middle, and it cannot stop itself".

The turtle dance also uses more props, such as flower ropes, top bowls, cloth and so on.

When the Japanese "Tang Dynasty envoys" returned to China, many of them were turtle music. Many of the Japanese "gagaku" are related to the kamezi, and the kameji and five-stringed pipa have become traditional Japanese musical instruments. To this day, there are still five-string pipas made in the Tang Dynasty.

The "long drum" spread on the Korean Peninsula was introduced with the dance of the turtle, and the ancient Joseon used a kind of "peach skin basket" which is a variant of the turtle bead.

In ancient Vietnam, Myanmar and other countries, there was also the influence of turtle music and dance. The New Tang Dynasty Book and the Biography of the Kingdom of Present-day Burma records that there are four music clubs in the country's court, the first of which is the "Qiuci Division", and its instrument configuration is completely consistent with the "Qiuci Division" of the Tang court.

Sixth, the glamorous dance of the Tang Dynasty

Do you know, the famous "Neon Clothes and Feather Song" is actually a glamorous dance.

During the Tang Dynasty, it was changed from Indian music, and the original song was called "Brahmin", and the dance of neon clothes and feathers was choreographed according to this song.

In a book of Ming people's notes, it is recorded that the stripping version of the neon dress and feather dance is the naked dance of the kabuki during the wine banquet.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were indeed nude-dancing or semi-nude dancing.

At that time, the dancers generally wore tulle feathers, and whether they were dancing in a healthy dance or a soft dance, it was too common for the gauze to slip off.

Sex in the Tang Dynasty. The concept is actually more open than the general impression is made.

In particular, aristocratic women and singers can wear low-cut outfits with topless-breast-exposed-breasts to show their career lines.

In normal times, when the dancers dance the hu dance, it often turns into a throwing pudding (that is, throwing the naked breasts). There are murals and unearthed artifacts that show the scenes of this glamorous dance.

By the way, the great poet Bai Juyi has a younger brother named Bai Xingjian, this guy once wrote a particularly awesome poem, called "Heaven and Earth Yin and Yang Jiao-Huan Dale Fu", which is very long, and there are more than 3,600 words that have been handed down alone. In other words, there is still a lot of space to be scattered. The preliminary estimate is at least 4,000 words. In ancient times when the writing was simple, Bai Xingjian wrote a song of popping with more than 4,000 words, a god.

7. Bowling in the Tang Dynasty - Wooden Shooting

This game was born out of archery.

Use wooden balls as arrows and wooden stakes as arrow targets. Roll the ball out on the ground and call it a shot.

Yes, this is bowling in the Tang Dynasty.

The rules are hardly the same as those of bowling now, except for the calculation of points.

Modern bowling is played several times with nine wooden stakes in turns, and there are only fifteen wooden stakes for wooden shooting.

These fifteen wooden stakes are all pointed, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, ten red and five black.

The ten red ones are called: "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, gentleness, kindness, courtesy, frugality, and letting." ”

The five black ones are called: "Slow, arrogant, deceitful, greedy, and indiscriminate." ”

The fifteen stakes are arranged in a row.

During the game, players each hold a wooden ball. Roll the ball out of the ground and hit the opposite stake.

Try to hit the virtues of red, not the vices.

At the end of the game, whoever hits more virtues will win the seventh son and 1 belly black husband, Yan sù point!. The one who hits the most evil virtues will naturally lose.

Depending on how many players and their mood, it is possible to negotiate how many rounds to play.

Quite entertaining, right?

8. The most fashionable ball game in the Tang Dynasty

It must be polo.

Polo, also known as Polo ball.

Playing polo, also known as batting, bowing, and batting.

Hit the ball with a cane (hockey) on a horse and gallop back and forth. To engage in this sport, you must not only practice your skills, but also learn equestrianism.

Almost all the adult emperors of the Tang Dynasty liked to hit the ball, and more than half of them were obsessed with it, and Tang Jingzong Li Zhan was killed by his teammates. On the wall of the tomb of Li Xian, the prince of Qianling Zhanghuai in Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province, a picture of playing polo is painted, and more than 20 people gallop horses, or fight or help the battle, which is vivid and realistic.

The polo used in the court is made of light and tough wood, hollow or soft object, the ball is as large as a fist, painted with red lacquer, and painted with patterns. The stick is made of wood, several feet long, with a crescent-shaped end and a colorful pattern, similar to today's ice hockey sticks.

The pitch is generally large and flat to allow for galloping and ball rolling. Some princes and nobles built special courts for batting, and they also sprinkled oil to make it smoother.

Yang Juyuan's "Watching the Ball": "Sweeping the court is like a flat, and the dragon is suddenly a horse Xiaoguangqing. The entry is a hundred visits to see the majesty, and the three armies of the earth are singing. When Yule returned, he was stained with red sweat, and the flowers were red. If you want to make the atmosphere of the four seas quiet, the dust at the bottom of the cane does not dare to grow. In addition to writing about the stadium, he also mentioned that the crowd applauded.

Du Mu's "Jun Zhai Alone (Huangzhou Works)": "Success is given to the Lin De Palace, and the ape superfalcon sweeps the wide court." The three thousand palace maids looked sideways, and stepped on each other to break the double Mingju. ”

During the Jinglong period of Li Xian of Tang Zhongzong, the envoys of Tubo came to welcome the princess of Jincheng into Tibet, and played in the Liyuan Pavilion Yuciguan.

One of Zhang's "Two Songs of Cold Food Inner Banquet": "The imperial kitchen under the corridor divides cold food, and the incense in front of the palace rides the flying ball." "—During the Winter Food Festival, harem girls play polo.

Wang Jian's "Palace Words": "Fight for the first place in the palace, and don't play back balls in front of the palace." The insiders sang well and the turtle was anxious, and the son of heaven sheathed back to the jade building. - When playing ball, the music of Qiuzi is played, and there is "Playing Ball Music" in the Tang Dynasty song. The insiders applauded again and again, and the atmosphere was extremely warm. The "back-to-back ball" is similar to a backhand volley and is a difficult move.

After all, playing polo is a strenuous sport, and it is not suitable for delicate women - so the "donkey bow" of donkeys instead of horses was created.

9. Hockey in the Tang Dynasty - step play

This kind of sport appeared in the Tang Dynasty, that is, the game of polo was carried out on the ground, and the confrontation and intensity were not as good as that of polo.

When playing, it is surrounded by a cloth barrier, and the players inside are running step by step, and the people outside are running with the barrier, which is very fun.

10. The cute drinking order - seven wearing wings

The gameplay of this wine order is very simple, the commander holds the hat in both hands and hands it to whoever he wants.

The man immediately stood up and pretended to take the hat with both hands, and the people on the left and right sides immediately got up and put the hat with wings.

The person on the left raises his left hand, and the person on the right raises his right hand, makes the wings of the hat, and then begins to call the fan.

Whoever makes a mistake will be punished, for example, if you are slow to react, if you stretch out the wrong hand, or if you are late to fan your wings......

A group of goofy ancients.

——Note: The above is a comprehensive compilation of excerpts from various articles, thanks to the original authors.

11.1 This information chapter will be replaced when the body is updated.