After the Double Ninth Festival, in the Western calendar, it is already late October, and this treaty is called the "Sino-French New Treaty" in order to distinguish it from the Beijing Treaty signed before the Second Opium War. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

It is very meaningful to choose Guangzhou, this place has experienced the sale of tobacco in Humen, which became the beginning of foreign invasion of China, and the first battle of the First Opium War was also here, Guan Tianpei sacrificed his life for the country. It can be said that this is a city of bitter memories, the beginning of decades of descent into the abyss, and a city of shame and shame.

"The Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the President of the Great French Democracy, who were at odds with each other because of the fact that the two countries were in Vietnam at the same time, are now willing to tie the knot, and want to repair the old friendship between the two countries for good trade and conclude a new treaty, which is expected to be beneficial to both countries, that is, to take the permission of the decree on August 28, the tenth year of Guangxu as the basis, for this purpose the two countries will send plenipotentiary ministers to discuss and handle...... The following treaties were signed:

In the first paragraph, Vietnam is a barrier of the Great Qing Dynasty, and its sovereignty lies in the Great Qing State, which is jointly confirmed by China and France, and at the same time, France guarantees that it will not renew the incident in Vietnam and seek political rights;

In the second paragraph, the sovereignty of the whole territory of Vietnam is owned by the government of Thang Long, and the French jurisdiction in Saigon is recognized, and the Nam Thi area south of Binh Thuan, Binh Duong and Binh Phuoc provinces is leased to the French government for rent of 100,000 francs per year; The French side can keep 1,000 soldiers in the Saigon area, and the total tonnage of warships does not exceed 2,000 tons, and if it needs to increase, it must apply to China;

In the third paragraph, the Qing Dynasty allowed French merchants in Saigon, merchants under French protection, and Chinese merchants to import and export goods. Its trade should be limited to a certain place, and where, so that the amount of business between the two countries and the route of exchange between the two countries can be determined later. It must be handled at the discretion of the existing regulations of Chinese mainland;

In the fourth paragraph, France compensated the Qing Dynasty with 45 million francs, which was to be paid six months after the pledge; transfer of 2.6% stake in the Suez Canal to the Qing Dynasty;

Fifth, the Qing Dynasty should properly settle the French prisoners and help them to reach Saigon and return to France;

In the sixth paragraph, China and France have now concluded this agreement, which means that the neighboring country of Yitun is harmonious and promotes mutual markets, and now it is intended to give good expression to this intention, and China and France have agreed that France will be responsible for the construction of no less than 300 kilometers of railway projects in Vietnam. They made it clear to each other that in the future, if China was to build a railway, China would do so to the French; The recruitment of labor, France did its best to persuade them. However, it is made clear to each other that this article shall not be regarded as the sole benefit of France.

Seventh, as soon as this agreement was drawn between each other, the Qing navy was immediately ordered to withdraw from Cam Ranh Bay, and to remove the search on the sea. Within two years of the postponement, the Qing troops must have retreated from Vietnam. ”

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Paragraph 11: The treaties and articles of association of China and France shall be observed in one piece, except for those that are changed by the present proposal. As of this treaty, it is now exchanged in Kyoto, China, after being ratified by the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and ratified by the President of France. ”

Wang Kaiyun read out the entire treaty in a frustrated manner, and sure enough, the big guy was very satisfied with the treaty, Yan Jingming was in charge of the accounts, 45 million francs, equivalent to about 8 million silver dollars, this silver was calculated on the open account book of the war against France, it was far from enough, but there was more or less subsidy, of course, he was not happy for too long, the money was only on the books, but in fact it did not arrive. Moreover, the shares of the Suez Canal are different from the shares that were previously distributed from the United Kingdom, and the money and interest of this equity, the Empress Dowager Cixi has made it clear that it belongs to the household department, so there is a fixed amount of silver here every year, whether it is used to repay the interest on the bonds, or to do other things, it is very appropriate.

Le Daoyuan, who is far away in Vietnam, is also very satisfied, in the past, the Li Dynasty has not been able to deal with the internal princes' forces, and there is the Zheng Lord, and what is the Nguyen Lord, the monarch of the Le Dynasty is similar to Zhou Tianzi, only controls the area near the capital, and now the whole of Vietnam belongs to the Le Dynasty, although a small piece is left for the French, but Rao is so, and it is also a world of difference from before.

Zuo Zongtang, who was in charge of the negotiations in Guangzhou, was also very satisfied, and he thought that this was about the most brilliant event in his later years, representing China to defeat France, and on behalf of the emperor to sign the treaty, and signing the treaty, he would never be as unlucky as Qi Shan, but would inevitably return to Beijing with glory.

The ministers of military aircraft are also very satisfied, especially the ministers of military aircraft who accompany them, although they have not been on the battlefield, but the counselor military affairs and accompany them, this credit Empress Dowager Cixi has seen it, and there will be rewards in the future.

Feng Zicai and Liu Yongfu naturally needless to say, it is strange that the main tone of public opinion in France is also very satisfied, first, the amount of this indemnity is about two-thirds lower than the previous price, second, China has also opened Qinzhou, Pingxiang and other places in the southwestern provinces as France's exclusive treaty ports, and also gave France the opportunity to build a railway in Vietnam, which is also a good thing for industry and commerce, the most important thing is that the French have always hoped that Saigon Province is still in their own hands, although the territory has shrunk a little, But there is such a bridgehead in Southeast Asia, where there is a colony with dignity, and in the event of defeat, the conditions of the Chinese are not harsh, and the bigwigs of the military and financial committees know that this amount has not been paid at all, and the Chinese side has paid five million francs, made up fifty million francs, and repurchased all the technical drawings and related materials of the ocean-going navy from France. and several large ironclad ships under construction, which were also sold to China at a low price.

This secret treaty must be signed before the formal treaty is signed, so the relevant Chinese personnel have already gone to the major warship factories in France to receive the information.

Of course, the Empress Dowager Cixi was also very satisfied, she let out a long breath, she had been in power for many years, but she didn't expect to see such a big result, she still couldn't help her heart pounding, she took a few deep breaths, nodded, "Very good, this battle, we not only won!" I also brought everything I wanted, this is all the credit of the big guys, I can say so proudly, the era when foreigners want to bully us casually, it is impossible to have the next one. ”

The ministers congratulated, and the Empress Dowager Cixi said with a smile, "And you don't need to congratulate at this time, wait until you return to Beijing, and then have a good time, deliver the treaty to Beijing, prepare to use the seal, and take effect after exchanging the seal." ”

"Tell the whole country, declare a great victory!" The Empress Dowager Cixi slowly stood up, her eyes full of perseverance and pride, "The war in Vietnam is over!" (To be continued.) )