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lt; pe=":left;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Budget experience talk lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt;; lt;/; Abstractlt;="en-us"="en-us"gt;; lt;/;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; The budget for construction projects, in fact, does not have advanced technology, and it is enough to be able to understand the drawings, and to be able to add, subtract, multiply and divide, and open the square. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoIf you can use scientific calculators, the job is even easier. Budgeters are easy to do, especially when you move from technical to budgeting, it's easier. It is not difficult to make a budget, but it is not easy to do it well, and the difficulty lies in the accumulation of experience. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; When I was in college, teachers who were on a budget were able to memorize all the quotas. If he asks a question about hiring, and you can't answer it, he'll say, "Turn over the pages and the pages of the quota." Is that experience? I don't think so. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Budgeting is a skilled worker. I don't keep track of the quota, but if you open the quota, you can make a budget. One of the advantages of keeping a quota is that when the leader asks, he can answer immediately. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; The budget is calculated as money, and finance is also calculated as money, but the biggest difference between the two is that there can be no difference between finance and finance, and there can be a very large difference in budget. It is generally accepted that lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; ～lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; % is accurate. If the same drawing is budgeted three times, the total cost must be different. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; What does a high budget look like? The budget level is not necessarily high, and there may be a big joke in calculating the amount of work. Where is he high? lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; How to accumulate experience? Practical operation is essential. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; In the actual operation process, the most important thing is to memorize the quota calculation rules. After that, it's time to find a pattern, and then use lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; Tabulated, automatically calculated. Every time I make a budget, I make different tables according to different projects, and then enter the basic data, that is, the center line of the wall, the net length of the exterior wall, the net length of the interior wall, etc. For example, when calculating the engineering quantity of a room, I only need to enter the net length of the interior wall, the size of the door and window, and the clear height of the room to automatically calculate the engineering quantity of the interior wall paint, floor, and ceiling. This is a trick that can increase the speed and accuracy of calculations. Of course, some small places may not be considered, and it doesn't matter, the budget is not required to be 100% accurate. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Accumulation of empirical data. Some people have been budgeting for a long time, but when asked some questions, they can only answer what they are doing. It's not good for work. The solution is very simple. You can find the cost analysis of many projects on the Internet and books, take them, and compare them by classification. Unilateral cost is a little useful, but the most useful is unilateral content. According to these unilateral content and unilateral cost, analyze the main material prices in the market at that time and the current market material prices, you can analyze that the cost of the project you need to estimate will not be very different. Rapid estimation of construction costs is an important indicator of a high level of budgeting. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; How to write tender documents. Whether the bidding documents are written well or not is directly related to the effect of settlement. Writing tender documents, there are many templates to utilize. However, it should be noted that the nature of the project, geological conditions, and on-site traffic conditions should be clearly described. In addition, the project should be carefully considered, and the possible situations should be written into the bidding documents, especially the mechanical and electrical engineering and decoration projects, and the equipment and material requirements must be written. The requirements for changes in the construction phase should also be clearly written. For example, what kind of change is not counted as experience negotiation, and how much amount of change is not counted as negotiation, etc. The most important point is the description of the qualifications of the construction company, which is very important. Many changes can be taken into account by a construction company with such qualifications, without the need for economic negotiation. For other questions, remember, don't copy the template, be sure to read every word clearly, think about every word. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Tips for bidding. Many budget people take the drawings and start making the budget. This was the case in my previous company, when everyone was familiar with the drawings and began to calculate the engineering quantity, they had not yet got a copy of the bidding documents. It's a terrible thing. Under normal circumstances, first of all, we must read the bidding documents in detail, especially the description of the bidding scope in the bidding documents, and we must see it clearly. Some of the bidding documents of the tendering unit are very simple, and some are very vague, which must be written down and put forward when answering questions. It is important to analyze the drawings. The list quotation, the budget staff do not need to carefully calculate the amount of work, but the structural form, detailed structure and other issues still need to be figured out. For example, large-volume concrete construction can appropriately reduce the quotation, which is conducive to winning the bid. In terms of unit price, each unit has its own tricks. The biggest impact on the construction unit is the total price. The construction organization design is too secondary, therefore, some smart construction units often do tricks in the construction organization design. Unfortunately, I have been fooled like this before. Because I didn't look carefully at the construction organization design, a mine buried by the bidding unit in the construction organization design was accidentally stepped on by me. The lesson of blood has cost the company hundreds of thousands of yuan. Of course, a beautifully made tender book is also a highlight that attracts the attention of the construction party. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Handling of change orders. In general, the change order is handled by the construction technician, but the wording in the change should still be grasped by the operator. Whether the change order is handled well or not, timely or untimely, will have a huge impact on the completion settlement. According to the different nature of the project, the different working ability and attitude of the construction personnel, etc., it is necessary to handle the change order flexibly. Sometimes it's vague, sometimes it's explicit. Sometimes it's detailed, sometimes it's rough. Sometimes it's timely, sometimes it's not. In many cases, when the budget personnel of the construction party report the settlement, there are hundreds of changes, and for each change, the amount of work must be calculated and the budget must be prepared, sometimes the amount is only tens or hundreds of yuan. A lot of time is wasted, and it has little impact on the total cost. However, it has a great impact on the mood of the construction party's budget review personnel. Therefore, there are contract clauses that do not count the negotiation below the number of yuan. So how do you do the change order? You can't handle it carefully because you can't get the money to do it. Here's a trick, think for yourself, it's worth a lot of money, I don't want to talk about it yet. In addition, the change order must be neat, and it is best if the calculation results of the change engineering quantity can also be written. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Sign the contract. I found that there are many large companies that sign contracts very simply, that is, fill in the blank space of the standard contract text and lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; Finish. Such a contract may have deep meaning from the construction party. At the time of settlement, it is interpreted in the absence of a contract and in its favor. The contract I signed was also signed with the standard contract text, and I also filled in all the blank fields, but many places are really the same: see supplementary contract. The number of pages of my supplementary contract is much thicker than the standard contract text. What can be thought of, what may happen, the settlement method, the concession situation, etc., are all written into the contract. In this way, the construction unit cannot be nonsense at the time of settlement, because everything can be found in the contract. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Collection of engineering data. As a cost control person, whether it is the construction party or the construction party, it is necessary to collect project data. These materials include: change orders, construction progress, special weather conditions, machinery and equipment in and out of the site, etc. During the construction of the Xiaolangdi project of a foreign company, the project data can be piled up in a room. Whether it is recognized or not, it is the basis of the claim. During the construction of a certain project, because the construction party failed to coordinate with the power department in time, the high-voltage line passing through the construction site was transferred underground, resulting in the pump truck arm breaking the high-voltage line during the construction process. Although there were no casualties, the construction party suffered a lot of losses as a result. There was no visa, but at the time of settlement, the construction party took out the record documents at that time and demanded compensation from the construction party. Finally, the burden is shared by five or five. In the process of settlement, written materials can give a basis to what the budget staff says. Whether you can ask for money depends on the settlement strategy and settlement goals. In any case, the information is generally useful. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; A little advice for writing tender documents. For buildings with different structures, is it possible to quote according to the following requirements. For single-purpose, it is quoted separately above ground and underground. In the case of a comprehensive building, on the basis of separate quotations for underground and underground, the quotations are subdivided according to commercial use. This may be difficult to prepare the bill of quantities, and the preparation of the tender document needs to be a few more pages, but for the construction party, this has many advantages. For the construction unit, it is also beneficial, and the accumulated quotation information can give guidance for accurate and rapid quotation in the future. The significance of the separate quotation is that the tax rate is different depending on the unit price of the sale. When filing taxes, the finance department will definitely ask for the cost of the floors for different purposes. Prepare in advance to avoid not being able to get it when you need it or having an inaccurate estimate. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; The knowledge of transferring to the construction site. Many people think that the budget staff just looks at the drawings in the office, and can prepare the budget and settle the settlement according to the drawings and negotiations. In fact, if the budget staff goes to the construction site a lot, you will find that the entire construction site is paved with money. Some people will say, isn't this nonsense, every inch of land on the construction site has the sweat of workers, there is the investment of materials and machinery, of course, it is all paved with money. Actually, you misunderstood, I'm talking about money outside the contract. As the budget of the construction unit, you have to look at the labor input, machinery input, material input, etc. For example, once I saw a concrete pump truck beating concrete, a tank down, no matter how you look at it, it doesn't look like lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; Square. So I looked at a lot of cars carefully, and found that on average, each car would be less than half a square of concrete (hehe, I just graduated from college at the time, and I didn't know the darkness in the building yet). When settling, I'm sorry, I can't settle according to the invoice as agreed in the contract, but I have to settle according to the drawing, and deduct the volume of the steel bar. This is what I proposed, and the final result is to settle by small receipt, hehe, it's none of my business. That's what you have to do as a builder's budget. Because, in the whole construction site, probably only the budget personnel in charge of the tender are most aware of the requirements for the quality of the materials in the contract. Therefore, sometimes the cost control personnel have to shoulder the responsibility of the quality officer. Once, my boss, hehe, was a very shrewd person, but too shrewd people tend to suffer dumb losses. For this project I did, the steel bar was calculated according to welding when the bidding was made, and it was decided to use a sleeve after the start of construction. I proposed not to do economic negotiations, but the boss decided to make up the price difference in order to let the construction unit talk less and do more. I said, press lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; meters of a joint, calculated according to the drawing. The boss thought about it, the steel bar has lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; meters long, and lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; meters long, the construction unit will not get the steel bar to lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; m long and then connected. The boss decided to settle the bill based on the actual quantity. My God,lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; 10,000 square meters of construction site, you have to count when it went. I don't want to count this. But you can't directly tell the boss that this can't work. Coincidentally, when I was moving to the construction site, I picked up a lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; 1。 gt; lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; The round steel bar has been threaded at both ends, and these are two joints! The construction unit has made good use of the waste! Without the steel bar scraps, there is still more sleeve money. I'll show this piece of steel bar to the boss, hehe, and finally press lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; One head of rice, calculated according to the drawings, saves money and effort. Therefore, it is still a great benefit for budget personnel to move around the construction site more. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Preparation of settlements. Profits are not made by doing, but by calculation. Whether the settlement is good or not is directly related to the amount of profit. The primary issue in the preparation of the settlement is that the settlement statement should be neat and beautiful. In the process of reviewing and settling, some unit settlements are as beautiful as bids, which makes people feel very formal and comfortable when they look at it. It should be noted that it is better to use loose-leaf paper for the settlement book, not to nail it. In the process of compiling the settlement, the budget staff should not be afraid of trouble, and it is best to prepare three sets of settlement books. One set is reported to the construction party, one set is reported to their own leaders, and one set is retained by themselves. Personally, I think that at least two sets should be compiled, and my own set can be noted. Report to the leader to put no lt;="en-us"="en-us"gt; gt; % of the negotiation is eliminated, and explains that this is our settlement goal. And those who report to the construction party can do as much as they want. All negotiations signed by the construction party and those without approval must be budgeted, and the budget should be high, not low. Don't be afraid of the construction party getting angry, as long as you can explain the reason, compile it. It's okay to be cut by the builder. In fact, the builder also hopes to cut down as much as possible. The meaning of the set that I keep is that this is the bottom line in my heart. In the process of compiling the statement, it must be arranged in date order and numbered. There must be a summary, there must be a cover. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Settlement of the accuracy of quantity calculations. A friend calculated the foundation retaining wall like this, 240 brick walls, 1 meter high, and 20 thick plasters on the inside and top surfaces. He calculated that the façade plastering was the length multiplied by 1 meter high, and this was no problem. Then count the top surface, he said, because the inside is smeared with 20 thick ash, so the width of the top surface should be pressed -us"="en-us"gt;+lt;/; 20 = 260 width calculation. I smiled and said, you are from the construction unit, I am from the construction unit, I will give you this 20 width, and I will give it to you. But I want to ask, how much more can you calculate in this way? Answer: More than 100 yuan. I told him that no one is perfect, and you must have something to make mistakes. Here I gave it to you, but you disgusted me. In the future settlement, don't let me seize the opportunity, otherwise you will lose hundreds or thousands of more than 100 yuan because of it! About this little story, I don't know what to say, everyone can experience it for themselves! But what I want to say is that the construction project budget does not need to be 100% accurate, and no one can calculate it 100% accurately, as long as the set goal is completed, of course, it is better to surpass! pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Problems with quota picking. The material cost is about 70% of the construction cost, so the control of material consumption is related to the profitability of the project. The construction units have implemented quota picking, but it is observed that it is not ideal. There is generally no problem with large materials, so let's not talk about it. This time, I will only talk about the picking problem of small things. I used to work for a construction site, and every time I went to the construction site, my heart hurt. The ground is full of fire wire, the ground is full of nails, the ground is full of clips, and sometimes a whole handful of welding rods can be dug out of the soil. When the foundation was backfilled, how many people went to pick up the steel pipes, clips, and scaffolding boards that were about to be buried forever? One team I met stipulated that the leader found a burning wire on the ground and fined the foreman a dime. It's the best team I've ever had, and it's very tightly managed. Of course, their profits are also high. Small things like burning silk cannot be reflected in the quota, which requires that the budget staff and technical personnel work together to develop a feasible plan and require the material to be picked according to the amount. At the time of settlement, a large amount of claims can be waived, but in project management, such a small amount of money should be controlled by the budget personnel. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Humble opinion: The calculation of engineering quantity is very important and takes up a lot of time and energy, but after all, it is pure basic work, and the calculation can only be a primary school student. The key is to know how to analyze, analyze its composition, analyze the market, analyze its economic indicators, control costs and the formation of bidding prices, and analyze and peripheral things are the soul. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; The signing of the yin and yang contract. At present, there are a lot of yin and yang contracts in the construction market, and there are relatively few that only one contract is actually signed. From the price analysis, there are two types of prices: the price of the yang contract (the contract for the record) and the yin contract (the contract signed privately between the construction party and the construction party to express the true intentions of both parties). First, the price of the yang contract is much higher than the price of the yin contract, for example, the supervision contract is generally the same, and the same is true of many construction contracts. The reason is that many companies sign contracts for supervision fees at half or less of the amount stipulated by the state. In the standard office, there is no way to record such a price. If the amount of the positive contract is higher than that of the negative contract, the construction party must consider whether the quality of the construction unit is guaranteed to complete the project at a much lower than normal cost? Another situation is that the amount of the positive contract is lower than the amount of the negative contract, which generally occurs in the construction contract where the construction starts first and then the supplementary bidding. The common purpose of both parties is to reduce the cost of bidding and bidding, and the builder has other ulterior purposes, let's add it yourself. to analyze the second case, that is, the amount of the positive contract is lower than the amount of the negative contract. In this case, the risk is very high for the construction unit. Once there is a problem, the court is most likely to enforce the amount of the positive contract, and I personally believe that it should also be enforced according to the positive contract, because it is a contract recognized by the state. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; Personally, I believe that both parties have good reputation, and both parties understand each other. In the event of a dispute, it is also a big trouble for the construction party, therefore, under normal circumstances, when the project payment is in place and the project is progressing smoothly, disputes rarely occur. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; It is recommended that it is best not to sign a yin-yang contract, if the construction party insists on signing a yin-yang contract to reduce the bidding cost, the construction unit can make up the bidding fee payable by the construction party for the construction party, so as to achieve the purpose of not signing the yin-yang contract. lt;/;/; pe=":-:24pt;"" gt; lt;=":-:Song;" gt; How to quickly complete the procedures for bidding. The budget personnel of the construction party are responsible for completing the procedures of the bidding office and handling the construction permit. At present, there are many projects, all of which start construction first, and then go through the standard procedures, and I have done three such procedures. It is summarized as follows: First of all, the project that dares to start without a construction permit must have a certain social background. Therefore, by taking advantage of this, you can first do a good job in the relationship between the bidding office and let them give the shortest time to complete the bidding. Second, download all the required materials and forms from the website of each region's standard office and prepare them in advance. Third, in the process of bid evaluation, the construction unit will directly give the experts hard money, explain the situation, and take out the form prepared in advance to complete the bid evaluation in the shortest time. In my opinion, since it is fake, it is necessary to explain the situation first, and do not make fun of the bid evaluation experts. lt;/;/pgt;