360

So, Shockley decided......

…… Kick your nose in the face!

This made Principal Lehmann feel very unpleasant.

Unpleasant is unpleasant, and he can only solve the problem according to the usual routine: a five-member faculty advisory board is appointed to discuss whether Shockley's course can be allowed to continue.

This committee was conscientious, and under the bullets of Franklin's threats and Molotov cocktails, spent three months discussing the matter, and finally they decided that this damn course should be completed in one semester and not counted for credit.

The ruling was tantamount to declaring that Shockley's course did not have any academic value in the eyes of the faculty committee.

But the director of the university's graduate department refused to approve the course - it was his area of responsibility.

Normally, he would have chosen to compromise with the conclusions of the faculty committee, but the rules for this position clearly state that he has a veto.

At the same time, the political factions on campus are doing interestingly.

On the one hand, the left complained that President Lehmann should not fire Franklin, but applauded the ban on Shockley.

The right, on the other hand, rejoiced at the dismissal of Franklin but reeled at the decision to ban Shockley.

Centrists supported both decisions.

Almost no one objected at the same time.

This is also a reflection of the typical social phenomenon of the 70s, where young people were angry, but still did not rise to the level of rationality, and their anger only came from policies that were unfriendly to them.

Or rather, it is still naïve anger, and there is not much theoretical thinking, which is not surprising, you must know that Franklin is known as a Stanford left-wing theoretician, and to be honest, such a theorist might as well not be, at least without this mixture, the mass movement can still maintain simplicity and purity.

Back at Principal Lyman's place, Edward understood the big man's difficulties very well at the moment, and put himself in his shoes, if he was in this position, he was probably not as good as him.

First of all, President Lehman is indeed not a racist, in fact, the professors in the university have a very good opinion of him, thinking that he has the courage to dare to do things, put the administrative system in order, and respect the authority of the professors, the academic line and the administrative line are clearly distinguished, absolutely no administrative staff dares to climb on the professor's head and say irresponsible things, if one is caught and one is fired!

In addition, many senior administrators, many of whom were transferred from professors, such as Donald Kennedy, the second person under the president, who was also the chief academic and budget officer, was himself a professor in the chemistry department, and that gave him a strong willingness to think about academics rather than make the university a bureaucracy in the day-to-day management of his work.

Of course, it is difficult to say whether Donald Kennedy himself was a bureaucrat or not, but looking at his name, he included at least two great commanders, and he was obviously also a master with political ambitions.

President Lehman was tolerant of professors and academics, and he was also kind to blacks, insisting on a policy of equal treatment, taking as long as the score was received, and there was absolutely no prejudice.

The black people on campus are engaged in the civil rights movement, and he also turns a blind eye, and the only requirement is not to disrupt the order of campus teaching.

But Shocke uses his clown-like self-detonation to put Principal Lehmann in a dilemma.

If he did not agree to the ban of Shockley's racial merit course, he would certainly suffer an even greater shock, unlike the elimination of Franklin, this time most of the faculty, staff and students were on his side, but academic freedom and freedom of speech are traditional values that the university and the Foundation have always looked for.

Stanford is almost a little screwed up when it comes to insisting on free speech.

Universities have their own school motto, in order to show high style, the school motto must not be in the Chinese language, usually Latin, which appears academic and elegant; Or the French word for romance.

Stanford is an alternative, Die Luftder Freiheitweht This is the meaning of the wind of freedom in German that blows forever, taken from the work of the famous German anthropologist Sauton in the 16th century.

This made Edward feel a little like complaining: let the Germans talk about freedom?! Especially since he himself is of Jewish descent......

Well, anyway, it means a good thing, and it's politically correct.

But during World War I, it was the hamburger that became a free sandwich (obviously two things);

German sauerkraut becomes free sauerkraut (a certain cosmic power is very unhappy);

When the Thuringian sausage is transformed into a democratic sausage (which sounds particularly astringent), how can the revolutionary masses inside and outside the school allow this evil German Chinese quotation to be openly on the soil of the free and democratic beautiful United States?

So all kinds of protests, petitions, and marches, even mixed with violence, but the school just didn't move and resolutely did not change! Death doesn't change!

Fortunately, at that time, California and even the entire West Coast were not as prosperous as they are now, far from the political and economic center, and the people of the whole country were too lazy to care, so they survived the frenzy of World War I peacefully.

This shows how resolute these established schools are in upholding their own values, almost to the point of being impersonal.

Principal Lehman, as a school corporation, could not go against this tradition.

It was a flying hazard for him, and it was best for him to have an order to shut up Shockley, but apparently the latter had gone mad; He also tried to dump the professors' advisory board, hoping to use their hands to plug Shockley's big mouth, which had caused Stanford a lot of trouble.

But those five professors are not stupid, reducing the number of hours is not counted as credits, but it is not forbidden......

A big foot kicks the ball back to the principal's office, and when he sees that the ball is about to turn into a huge black cauldron, Principal Lehman is really worried......

He is the face of Stanford, all the glory of Stanford is due to him, and he also has to carry all the black cauldrons.

Right now he's on the cusp of the storm - the whole country of racists and leftists are staring at him, the latter is numerous, but the former is stupid, the two forces are amazingly powerful, Principal Lehman is caught in the middle of this millstone, this day is indeed ......

So he needs someone to step up and help him, at least not so many people with their guns aimed at him......

That is, Edward actually took on the role of pulling hatred......

Thinking about this, he began to scratch his head......

Pulling hatred, of course, is not a problem, in fact, with his cheek, he doesn't care about this, as for the angry masses, will they be rude?

This problem is not big, as long as you don't mess with the black buddies, then you basically won't get a black gun......

He laughed at the thought.

Solomon's on-the-spot reaction during the negotiation that day was certainly amazing, but Principal Lehmann was actually not bad, especially the selection of him to pull hatred, which was simply a stroke of genius.

Mainly because Edward's character in the Franklin affair was already in place - a defender of the Constitution, a desperate fighter for freedom of speech......

Franklin and Shockley, one on the extreme left and the other on the extreme right, are actually two sides of the same coin.

Edward found the point of attack with a little thought, and the Shockley affair was the other extreme of the Franklin affair.

If you want to characterize it, the latter is a controversial idea, the former is a ridiculous view advocated by extremists, but to silence them is to interfere with academic freedom, which is also part of freedom of expression.

No speech should be considered harmful, as long as speech and ideas can circulate freely in a "market", then the more absurd the view, the more severely it will be refuted, and the greatest contribution that the government or other organizations in the United States can do to freedom of speech is to strive to improve and build such a market for the exchange of speech and ideas, rather than blindly suppressing speech on the basis that it does not conform to certain values.

After determining the general direction, he began to go on the offensive in earnest.

The old rule, he wrote an article and personally sent it to the editorial office of the Stanford University Daily, and the editor-in-chief came out to greet him with a sweaty head, and after reading the manuscript, he almost soaked his shirt and vest......

The article has a lengthy subheading, which takes up almost an entire section:

"The university immediately deprived a 'radical' of his right to academic freedom and immediately deprived a 'reactionary' of his right to academic freedom, thus completing a cycle of repression of speech."

"Principal Lyman's tank rumbled over, whether it was the extreme left or the extreme right, in front of the tracks, it was just the gangster with the mantis arm as a car!"

The text was polite, but full of gunpowder, and he remembered Solomon's teaching that day: "It is better to forget this meeting today and bite with all your might......

"I think some people see the Franklin and Shockley affair as some kind of symmetry to prove that Stanford is neutral and impartial on some of the pressing issues at hand. I think the two twin rulings in these two cases illustrate Stanford's bleak stance on free speech and academic freedom. In Principal Lyman's view, to remain neutral is not to be compatible with the package and left and right, but to completely hack the left and right to death, and the rest is neutrality. ”

"Again, I would like to quote the famous Chinese sage Concius in the 2,000-year-old saying, 'Stick to the end and use it with the people', which means that when the person in power should grasp the two extremes of view, and then use the moderation or neutrality to govern the people."

In fact, I suggest that this sentence as Stanford's motto is more appropriate than that in German, first, the history of Chinese is longer and can better highlight the academic atmosphere of Stanford, and secondly, this sentence is a very good administrative rule, rather than forcing glasses to say that the wind of freedom continues to blow, yes, Franklin has been blown away, and Shockley I see it quickly! It all stems from the big mouth of Principal Lehmann! ”

At this point, Edward wanted to add two sentences such as Tianlu to strengthen the tone, but it was obvious that people in this era could not understand the essence of it, and adding it was also a pearl, so he could only give up.

Once again, Principal Lehman wanted to find a shortcut. He surrendered to censorship control on the left in the Shockley affair and to centrists as well as speech control on the right in the Franklin affair. ”

"In my opinion, as long as there is speech control behavior, it is *** behavior, as I said in New Haven, feminist *** is no better than other ***, and the essence and core of left*** or right*** are completely the same."

"We can't make too many demands on the mass movement. The tragedy of the whole thing is that President Stanford, or President Lehmann, seems to have no power to advocate for free speech and academic freedom to discuss a wide range of political views. This is not the atmosphere that a university should have. ”

"If it's the Second Red Banner Primary School in Moscow, I think it's appropriate, oh, I forgot, there's no such thing as Shockley in Moscow, of course, they're going to officially declare Jews problematic nationals, and the whole country will cheer and applaud it."

Compared to the Franklin incident, this time Edward was let go.

It's scathing, full of his typical personal style.

Thereupon......

Stone smashing pit - provoke public feng......

The initial opposition came from the ubiquitous conservatives on campus, or more appropriately the apologists, who were not intellectually and eloquently superior, but were commendable in courage.

This time, Principal Lehmann didn't jump to the front desk to point fingers at Edward, and it was too late for him to avoid the turmoil.

As a result, his cronies, the school's No. 2 man, the provost whose name seemed very much a politician, Donald Kennedy, began to make a big splash on the school radio.

In fact, Edward would like to seriously explore this issue, because this is indeed a judicial ambiguity, and a high-level opponent can motivate positive thinking and make him play at a higher level.

Apparently Donald Kennedy didn't think so, and in his opinion, this was a good opportunity to show his loyalty to President Lehmann!

"Mr. Young's latest sermon will help us to grasp the graphic description of President Lehmann when he said about it: 'He flew from New Haven to Alparodo to save us from our sins!' ”

"Poor and venerable Mr. Yang, peeping down from the balcony of the research center like an owl at night, has mistaken Lake Lagunitas for the Sea of Galilee"

This statement is very vicious.

The Sea of Galilee is a huge inland lake in Israel, where many of the miracles recorded in the Bible took place, such as walking barefoot at level, calming storms, and most famously, feeding 5,000 people with five loaves of bread.

Donald Kennedy was implying that Edward was on the high and high-minded in comparing himself to a savior, and on the other hand, he was cursing at his Jewish roots.

"Mr. Young should go back to Yale and find a department that is not part of law school to offer a course, which I initially thought should be a philosophy department, but I think that Mr. Yang's colleagues would probably be confused by his different morals and alienate him. So I decided to suggest that Mr. Yang go to Yale Medical School to teach a course in thoracic surgery, regardless of his medical knowledge, if someone accuses him of negligence after a medical malpractice, it is obviously easy to deal with it with his legal literacy......"

Edward could only smile bitterly, although his writing was mean, but it was also a good thing, although it was a bit extreme.

Compare Donald Kennedy's campus radio - it's a shrew scolding the street, without any substantive discussion.

Principal Lehman also scolded the street that day, but he was not so shameless, and it was obvious that this Dean Donald Kennedy was inferior to Principal Lehman......

It's just that he jumped out so hard...... I guess I got some kind of hint, or I saw something......

You must know that if President Lehman is confirmed to be promoted to the Stanford Trust next year, then as provost, he will be the most favorable candidate for the new president.