Chapter 375: Helsinki Watcher
375
At the same time, the Government of the United States was not idle.
It was some time before Edward learned why David Hill was in a hurry to ask him to take the initiative on the issue of Soviet Jews.
Not long after, the United States and the Soviet Union signed an agreement in Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
The general content of the agreement is: sovereign equality and respect for sovereignty; not to use or threaten to use force; non-aggression against each other's national borders; safeguarding the territorial integrity of States; the peaceful settlement of disputes; non-interference in the internal affairs of other States; Recognize and respect human rights and fundamental human rights; respect for the equality and self-determination of peoples; national cooperation; Fulfillment of international obligations as agreed.
Human rights and their protection are a major element of the Helsinki Final Protocol and can be seen as a political commitment by the OSCE participating States.
Obviously, the Nixon administration used the results of the Soviet-Jewish law guarantee work as a breakthrough to put pressure on the Soviet Union.
And the Soviet Union was in some unknown to outsiders for some reason, so it pinched its nose and recognized it.
But then the defense of the Soviet Jews began to enter a new stage - extremely complex and delicate.
So much so that Edward wondered if the old thing Taylor had realized that this was going to be the case, so he pulled out of this mess early to keep his name alive?
With Taylor's knowledge of the Russians, it was not impossible.
But in the end, he decided to put this idea behind him, which had no evidence to prove it, as nonsense.
Devoted himself to the defense of other Soviet Jews.
The rest of them are much more troublesome than Pinkasov.
The first guys in the hijacking case, Kuznetsov and Dimsitz, escaped the death penalty, but switched to mortgage execution......
The purpose of the organization in the first place was to save the lives of these two unlucky people, at least for the time being.
Both of them are in the prime of life, their physical fitness is still good, they should be able to withstand the harsh conditions of the labor camp, and now they are quite well-known in the West, if the Soviet labor camp authorities were not so stupid, they should not deliberately abuse them.
According to Edward's idea, if he is the leader of the labor camp, he will definitely try his best to save the lives of these two guys, otherwise if they are really dead, they will not be able to say clearly, that is, they will properly hand knives to foreign forces, and the party and the people of the motherland will be angry.
As the leaders of the labor camps, they should have this political consciousness, otherwise they themselves should become prisoners of the labor camp.
As for the other hijackers, the sentences imposed on Americans are a bit embarrassing, basically 7-15 years.
It is obviously a heavy sentence, but it is not too heavy for a vicious case like a hijacking.
Considering the attempt and the fact that they did not attempt to harm the driver at first, it seems to be a bit heavier......
Someone within the organization suggested that the hijacking case should be started, but Edward resolutely rejected it.
The reason for this is that such a sentence that is not light or severe will cause great trouble in actual legal assistance.
Of course, the Americans said that the sentence was too severe and demanded that it be mitigated, while the Soviets could have cited the scriptures and turned back - after all, it was a hijacking!
This Tmd is not a trivial matter in any country!
And Dimsitz had previously considered hijacking a Tu-124 midsize jet, and it was not surprising for this guy to say that he was a repeat offender.
Each side has good reasons to refute the good reasons of the other side, and the result is that each side is locked in an endless war of words, with everyone clinging to the details and completely ignoring the general strategic direction.
This is actually the pattern that the bureaucracy used to drag things on.
As an insider, Edward certainly knew that if the lawyers on both sides were bent on playing Tai Chi, then the case could be dragged out until the day of the end of the world, and after the angel blew the trumpet, God and his old man himself would judge.
And the hijacking case has actually been almost two years ago, and at the current rate, it will be like playing for another seven or eight years, and by then everyone will be almost released.
Even if the Russians admit their mistake, so what?
In turn, it is slapping Americans in the face.
Edward was actually aware of the thoughts of those in the organization who advocated starting with the hijacking.
These guys have a mediocre resume, and they know that they don't have much ability to do disruptive work, so they think about the problem from a different perspective and start trying to fill their resumes with a job that lasts for a long time, gilding their backgrounds.
In the past, he was too lazy to care about these things, everyone met in Pingshui and ate together, so why block other people's roads?
But now that he thinks differently, since Taylor has given him the Shang Fang Sword, he should seize this opportunity.
He had taken the legal protection program of Soviet Jews to the extreme, in order to maximize his own interests, and at the same time worthy of the noble "tasty" dinner of Lord David Hill, and he felt like his prostate was about to stir every time he thought about it.
His argument starts with the spin-offs of the hijackings – the victims of the subsequent chain of arrests that followed the arrest of Kuznetsov and others – leaders of the Jewish communities in Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad and activists of the Jewish movement.
But after carefully studying the dossier, he had to admit that it was just as difficult to do, and even more troublesome.
Because these people are guilty of taboos to varying degrees, such as forming private associations, traveling through foreign publications, writing manuscripts of all sorts of Soviet jokes - not to mention the fact that these guys make up jokes really well.
From a U.S. legal perspective, this is not a problem.
The U.S. law is much more lenient than the Soviet Union on this issue, mainly two taboos, 1. Don't touch Chinese red, and 2. If you do, it's okay, but give up arms.
In fact, there was a market for communist thought in the United States, and the Russians were very happy to consider it their great victory, but in fact the best seller was indeed the teacher's anthology...... The second is the writings of the Father, which was once popular but is rarely read nowadays.
The reason is also simple, the anthology of education - that is a rare workbook, it does not require too advanced theoretical knowledge, with the intelligence and determination of ordinary people, you can completely follow the cat and the tiger to achieve a career......
In other words, the bottom line of the United States is not to engage in SHIST armed secession with the characteristics of the ZG revolution here......
Or rather, an almost monkey-like armed division like Franklin's is still tolerated, like the Black Panther Party...... Ahem...... Let's talk a little bit about how great the civil rights movement was...... At least Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, and Hampton was executed...... It's all dead, but the difference inside is huge.
As for other social activities, then feel free to come.
It looks like raising Gu, but in fact, it is injecting countless political vaccines against his own country, and with this countless chaos as a foundation, as long as it is not the set of things of a certain red power, then the United States is still impregnable.
It is even possible to draw countless useful lessons from the civil strife, turn them back into manuals, and export them to the outside world......
In this regard, the FBI acts as the input – universities and research institutes act as processors and memory to condense and form a fixed format – and the CIA acts as the output...... A new industrial chain has been formed...... People in the chain can make a lot of money, as for who will pay for it? The people of the United States, of course.
Ahem, the United States is good at this.
So things are a bit of a no-brainer.
The second Pinkasov really couldn't be found.
Just as Edward had a headache.
The situation within the USSR has also taken a new turn.
With the destruction of the original Jewish community, Jewish community leaders were arrested and imprisoned.
For the Russian government, it seemed that the Jewish question had been largely resolved.
However, after a few days of their happiness, they found that a new problem had come.
A new nucleus of Jewish leadership began to emerge.
What is even more troublesome is that, unlike the old Jewish movement that preceded it, the new movement is widely engaged, inclusive, and strongly political!
The movement was not confined to the Jews or urban communities, but extended to the vast Russian landscape.
The MZ movement, led by the famous physicist Andrei Sakharov, and these new Jewish movements began to unite, and they actively assumed the role of "watchdogs" while maintaining the characteristics of the traditional Jewish movement, whose main appeal remained to emigration.
This had never been seen before in Jewish activities.
After the signing of the Helsinki Accords between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Soviet dissidents, religious leaders, nationalists and "denied departures" set up an informal monitoring group to monitor the implementation of the human rights provisions of the Agreement in the Soviet Union.
Known in the Western world as the "Helsinki Overseers" or "Helsinki Watchmen", this group is the hero of the Western language.
The first meeting was held in Moscow in March 1970 and the establishment was officially announced.
Soon branches were established in Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Armenia.
According to themselves, about 100 or so Soviet citizens openly joined these monitoring groups at the risk of being arrested and imprisoned.
The group regularly publishes reports on the situation of RQ in the Soviet Union.
Many of them provide detailed documentation and painstaking investigation.
This kind of action is quite able to "train" people, and soon some people will stand out.
Among the members of the Helsinki Monitoring Group was a man named Anatoly Kudaev, who was once one of the representatives of the Moscow Group of Jewish "non-leavers".
Kudaev is very young, only 29 years old.
But he was a chess expert, and Edward used to ask Beth for advice on Kudayev's game.
The comments received were that he was not as much as Petrosian, but he was a very thoughtful and interesting chess player, but unfortunately he was not very talented in this area.
The words are a bit mean, but considering her temper towards all the chess players except Petro, it should be said that Kudayev's chess skills are still good.
But the reason why he is called an expert, and not a master, is because Kudayev is unwilling to go to someone else's old man.
Actually, this guy can be said to be a scientist.
He studied the application of computer technology to this traditional Russian strength.
This surprised Edward, who had impressed Beth with two games of the darker blue, which was approaching the millennium.
Right now, in the early seventies, especially the Russians, they are still using huge tube computers!
It is surprising that there are already people thinking and practicing in this way.
The young Kudayev was born poor, but he studied hard and had a spirit of study, and he made great progress in schools at all levels.
In high school, he won a gold medal for his outstanding grades, and if he continued on this path, he would have a promising future in science or chess.
However, when he was 17 years old, one of his best friends found out that he was Jewish, so he beat him up and shouted "Judas, Judas" to him, which had a fundamental effect on Kudayev, and aroused his interest in Zionism and concern for Israel.
After that, he abandoned Anatoly, which is a typical Russian name, and chose for himself a very typical Jewish name, "Natan".
Then he often stayed at the synagogue (outside) on Ashipov Street.
There he met Natalia Steglitz, who also wanted to emigrate to Israel, and she later changed her name to Weta.
In 1972 Kudayev applied to move to Israel, but was rejected by the Soviet authorities.
Kudayev decided that instead of joining the growing ranks of "denied leavers", the long wait would be exchanged for endless disappointment.
It is better to take the risk of military action under the Soviet system - and let yourself become a political thorn, and exchange your own incessant troubles for the compromise of the authorities.
It should be said that this young man was very clever and saw through the key points of Soviet politics - the bureaucracy was not afraid of accidents, but of its own jurisdiction.
Kudayev had a strong executive power, and once the plan was finalized, he began to frequently participate in various political protests.
And the cunning of this guy is that while he is making trouble, he is looking for a relationship to contact General Wei Lin, who is in charge of the department in charge of approving exit passports.
Eventually, he was given the opportunity to speak face-to-face with the latter.
It is impossible to verify exactly what Kudayev said.
But it is said that the outcome of the talks was good, but General Weilin promised to keep Kudayev quiet, even if it was only for three months.
Then as a token of appreciation for the cooperation, he can get a visa.
General Wei Lin even said that he would guarantee "the honor of a GC party general".
The price is good, and it proves that Kudayev was right.
So Natan Kudayev suddenly fell silent, turned from an active opponent into a quiet monk, and really did not participate in any demonstrations and protests for three months.
However, the cooperation did not produce the desired results.
General Wei Guolin later informed Kudayev that his application to emigrate was ultimately denied.
This directly angered Kudayev, and this was not a simple rejection of his immigration application, but essentially a mockery and humiliation.
Kudayev decided not to remain silent any longer, and he joined the protesters again.
At the same time, Vita's application was approved, and she was soon able to move to Israel.
But Vita was bent on leaving with Kudayev, so she never gave up hope and waited with him until her exit visa was about to expire.
Everyone knows that it is absolutely impossible to extend the deadline.
Vita and Kudaev decided to get married before she left.
However, something even stranger happened, the Civil Affairs Bureau refused to issue them a marriage certificate.
Obviously, the marriage certificate has become a tool to punish a "person who is not allowed to leave the country" and a woman who is about to emigrate abroad.
At this time, the Jewish community, which was regarded as a thorn in the side of the authorities, was once again the bad guy.
Kudayev also Vita held a Jewish wedding officiated by a rabbin, with rabbis praying and throwing glasses, as is customary.
The lovers looked at each other and whispered, "See you next year in Jerusalem."
Before dawn the next day, Vita left the Soviet Union.
Kudayev, who had no worries, soon became a central figure in the Soviet RQ movement.
In fact, this guy is really a good guy, with a lot of experience, good communication and coordination, and a pretty good sense of humor.
The most famous of the current dissidents in the USSR are two people.
One is the famous writer, Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
He was once under the protection of Sholokhov, the chairman of the Soviet Writers' Association, but after Khrushchev stepped down, his life became more and more difficult, and he was expelled from the Soviet Writers' Association in 1969; But the next year, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, ahem...... Apparently a consolation.
Then there is the even more legendary Andrei Sakharov, the leader of the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb project, but later became a dissident.
Every time the latter held a press conference, he invited Kudayev to act as an interpreter.
At the same time, Kudayev actually served as Sakharov's personal assistant, and he was usually responsible for arranging meetings with visiting American dignitaries who asked to meet with the RQ movement, which made him extremely famous among foreign powers.
Western journalists, such as Robert Thorn of the Los Angeles Times, have repeatedly and publicly quoted Kudayev's words and texts as sources of information about RQ activists in the Soviet Union.
In this way, of course, KGB will not be able to sit still.
Kudayev's detention and arrest and interrogation became the norm, but it was not serious and he received no ill-treatment.
In particular, when foreign leaders (foreign heads of state) are preparing to visit, they are usually accompanied by a large number of Western journalists, and whenever this happens, the authorities will "ask" Kudayev to "quiet" for a period of time to ensure the normal conduct of major foreign affairs activities.
Generally speaking, no matter how great Kudayev's ability is, and no matter how influential Sakharov is in the West, it is not enough compared to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
But there are occasional exceptions, and Kudayev can often use his good brains to create something funny for the authorities.
During one of the "ask him to be quiet", the two KGB agents who captured him did not know what they were thinking, and even offered to play a few games with Kudaev...... Chess.
Obviously these two should be good players, and at the same time know that Kudayev is talented in this area.
Kudayev agreed.
However, he also has the conditions to hang up some lottery heads.
Money was definitely not going to work, and gambling was forbidden in the Soviets, so Kudayev proposed that those who lost should kneel on the ground in public for a while.
A quarter of an hour later, everyone saw the once-in-a-century scene of KGB agents kneeling.
……
When the Helsinki Accord Monitoring Group was formed, its spiritual pillars, Yuri Orlov and Andrei Sakharov, suggested that Natan Kudayev be the representative of the Jewish emigration movement.
Kudayev took part in the work of the monitoring group wholeheartedly, and in particular, he personally wrote a large number of work reports, which of course ended up going abroad through various channels and became the best weapon used by foreign forces to attack the Soviet Union.
While doing these things, of course, he realized that the big brother KGB stopped paying attention all the time.
He knew that his phone had been tapped, that his home had a bugging device, and that his movements were being tracked.
What he may not have known was that Shania Lipovsky, who had lived in the same room with him for some time, was actually a KGB eyeliner and a sitting.
But Kudayev was unimpressed, feeling that the authorities were rotten and no longer had the courage to clean him up during the purge.
Although he knows that he is already a god-level figure on the KGB list.
But don't forget, on top of Natan Kudayev, there are two platinum medals on top of Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov and Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn that can be used as lightning rods.
On January 22, 1972, the Soviet television station ZY broadcast a one-hour special program to the whole country.
The documentary, entitled "The Soul Seller," portrays Jewish "non-leavers," including Kudayev, as "Zionist pawns in the Soviet Union." ”
Frankly speaking, this form is a bit lacking in morality, after all, it hasn't been through the court, and you can't convict rashly.
What was even more excessive, however, was that the program took a form unprecedented in the Soviet Union and in the world - the names and photographs of some of the "lackeys of foreign powers" were shown on television screens, along with their addresses......
Obviously, this is the Supreme Soviet's call for the people to come together to punish the thieves.
Kudayev was furious.
"This is a video campaign to incite the anti-Semitic movement."
He immediately began to fight back.
Kudayev did something that Soviet citizens simply could not think of and could not do - he immediately filed a lawsuit with the television station, demanding that it officially "deny the slanderous content that damages my dignity and personality," and demanded that "this denial must be published in the same way of dissemination." ”
The indictment soon spread in the Western world, as well as in the Soviet underworld.
KGB was reprimanded by the higher-ups, apparently because they were derelict in their work and did not deal with such a political thorn in time.
So they decided to make amends and get rid of Kudayev.
To this end, Kudayev's "friend" Shania Lipovsky was summoned to the KGB headquarters and ordered to write an open letter accusing Kudayev of trying to recruit him to work for the CIA.
The Soviet press hyped up Lipovsky's open letter.
Frankly speaking, Kudayev did have plans to launch Lalipovsky, but the CIA's burden is obviously too exaggerated.
Edward had heard about this in New York, and even consulted Solomon, who could only spread his hands: "My dear, the CIA does have the task of subverting the Russians, but you said that Kudaev personally went to recruit personnel for the CIA...... To be honest, this is looking down on the CIA and the KGB...... I dare say that if Kudayev really worked for the CIA, KGB would have made him disappear in Siberia long ago. ”
On March 13, 1972, a week after the letter was published, Kudayev drafted an open letter in which he wrote: "The situation now is that I seem to be a hostage...... Caught in the palm of the hand by a gang of lawless terrorists, both in terms of domestic and international law, they are ready to take extreme actions. ”
Then Solomon's words were partially fulfilled...... Kudaev was thrown into the notorious Lefortovo prison.
The prison has a long history, when it was created in 1881 as a military prison for junior officers who were serving short sentences.
After the October Revolution, he was assigned to the All-Russian Committee for the Suppression of Counter-Terrorism by Comrade Dzerzhinsky.
During the years of the Great Purge, the prison was used as a place of torture by the People's Council of Internal Affairs, on a par with the Rubi-Seeka prison.
After the fifties, with the execution of Beria and Khrushchev's normalization campaign, the prison ceased to be as eerie as it was then, but became a ...... ...... of kgb Jail......
Those caught will be locked up here before going to court, pending the verdict.
But the "old qualifications" know that detention centers are far more terrifying than prisons.
Naturally, the news of his arrest made headlines in the West.
……