Around the middle of the Shang Dynasty, "Gong Liu" became the leader of the Youtai clan. At this time, after several generations of painstaking management, the strength of the Tai family has changed from what it used to be. The area of Taidi is narrow, the terrain is complex, and it is easy to defend and difficult to attack; However, with the massive growth of the population and the limitations of the terrain, it is no longer possible to expand settlements and reclaim new land. The reason why Bu Hu chose to settle here in the first place has become the reason why Liu is going to give up this place now.

After a long period of investigation, Gongliu finally chose the "pig" with rich water system, flat and fertile land, and a large area of sunny and high hills as the resettlement site. It is in the southwest of Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province, on the east bank of Weishui.

For the first time, the ancestors of Zhou built a walled city on Gaogang, and named the city "Jing" (Beijing means Xiangyang Heights, and later extended to the capital), and stationed three armies in the nearby highlands, and named the three "divisions" (division is the meaning of the highlands, and later extended to the army), and the word "Jingshi" has been handed down in this way.

Gong Liu moved most of the people of the tribe and the allied tribes to Jingshi. So far, the ancestors of the Zhou people have completed the transformation from clan tribe to tribal alliance and then to the state. "Gong" is the honorific title of the Zhou people for the monarch, and Gong Liu is the founding monarch of the later Zhou (there was no word "Zhou" at that time).

The etiquette of the state and the tribe is completely different: the state calls it "system", and the tribe can only call it "custom". In order to "respect the district and be humble, don't grow up or young", Gong Liu began to formulate some etiquette, which was the prototype of Zhou etiquette.

There is no more relaxing time between people than when they attend a banquet. People tend to act casually and out of line when stimulated by alcohol, and young people with low status often cuddle and laugh loudly with older people. In Gong Liu's view, this situation is unruly - when there is no distinction between the elder and the young, it is the day when the country is in chaos.

Gong Liu then established the feast ceremony, and the invitees determined their seats, the number of dishes, the order of toasting and salutation, and so on. Everyone who attends the banquet must act according to etiquette, or else they will be punished. Since people can restrain their behavior when they are most pleasant and relaxed, they will be able to behave in other situations.

This agrarian nation brought advanced civilization and productive forces to the Hexi region, and gradually established a land system that seemed very unique to Westerners in social practice - feudalism.

Unlike the nomadic peoples, who lived in pursuit of water and grass, the farming people regarded the land as the foundation of their nation. As a result, agrarian peoples often spare no effort to expand their territory. For the expansion of territory, the monarch often did not take it for himself, but gave the land to the meritorious nobles, and the monarch indirectly controlled the land by controlling the nobles.

As soon as the order for the reward was given, the officials in charge of the land began to get busy. They first measured the boundaries of the land, and then dug a shallow trench along the boundary; The excavated earth was turned on both sides and trees were planted on it; This piece of land with a closed border was called a "fiefdom", and the recipients built cities within the fiefdom, cultivated farmland, and provided military and labor for the office. This system of "feudal construction" is the origin of feudalism.

The lord of the fief only had the right to use the land and not the ownership. Theoretically speaking, the ownership of the land belongs to the "Son of Heaven", and the princes and princes are only the lords of the land, and they only manage the land on behalf of the Son of Heaven. But in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Son of Heaven lost power, and the princes turned over one after another to treat the landlord as a landlord, so a "History of the Spring and Autumn Period" is the history of the landlord's refining.

Feudalism was first practiced within the princely clans, and later extended to in-laws and allies.

How would it be for a nomadic tribe to weep without tears when they look at the large number of animals dying of cold and starvation on a bitterly cold winter, only to hear that the people of the farming people, who eat the same food as the cattle (because the grass and wheat grow in the land), are hiding in warm houses, enjoying good food and wine, and enjoying family fun?

As a result, wars with plunder as the main purpose were frequent. Although they feed on whole grains, they are never afraid of the fierce and fierce nomads who feed on meat. The army was well-equipped and well-trained, and not only had walls that the enemy's cavalry could not penetrate, but was also more adept at exploiting the enemy's shortcomings to develop effective tactics and inflict massive casualties on the enemy. Over time, the nomads who have been defeated, who have lost their faith, or who have been ostracized by other forces, will want to take refuge in the people.

One day, Gong Liu and the ministers went out hunting with their hounds. On their way back to the city, they saw a group of nomads watching them from a distance. Gong Liu led a team to rush towards them, and those people immediately turned and fled; When Gong Liu returned, the other party followed from a distance, and those people did not seem to be hostile.

Gong Liu then ordered a few prey to be sent to them, then jumped out of the chariot, stroked the head of a hound and said to the left and right, "Do you know how the dog came from?" I've heard that dogs are made from wolves. When our ancestors lived in the villages, some wolves came to the vicinity of people for various reasons, picking up the scraps that people discarded without harming people, and sometimes they would take the initiative to show favor to people.

Over time, man and wolf became close to each other. It was later discovered that wolves were loyal, intelligent, and brave, and could not only help people hunt, but also look after their homes and livestock, so our ancestors began to domesticate and breed wild wolves. After a few generations, the wolf becomes a dog.

"Now you look at the nomads on the other side, are they in a similar situation to those wolves? The difference is that wolves can never become humans; And they are human beings, and if we can give them shelter, they will become one of us. ”

The soldiers who had delivered the prey soon returned, and they also brought with them the chieftain of the nomads. The leader said that they were wanderers who had been expelled from their homes by rival tribes, and hoped that Gongliu would take them in; Their men were good warriors, and the women were hard-working and capable of any heavy labor.

For those who come to seek protection, the pigs certainly don't turn them into slaves - after all, wanderers don't have enough to eat, but they still have freedom.

Gong Liu gladly welcomed the other party's arrival, and said to the chief that if he knew that there were other tribes wishing to be sheltered, he could persuade them to come to the people; The people will provide them with security and wealth.

In this way, the inclusive policy of the people attracted a large number of exiles to come and defect. If the defector is a powerful or high-status person, the people will sign an alliance with him and reward him with titles and land; If it is a person of general power or status, he will also be given an errand to do.