Ancient Egypt has a clear historical date of 664 BC.

In the third century B.C., Maneto divided the history of Egypt from the unification of Menes to the conquest of Alexander of Macedon into thirty dynasties, on the basis of which later generations divided the history of ancient Egypt into nine periods.

The first is the predynastic period, about 4000 to 3100 BC.

The second is the Early Dynastic Period, c. 3100-2686 BC, during which the 1st and 2nd dynasties appeared, and Menes, the first pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt.

Of course, this is the most widely circulated speculation, the history is too long, and there is not enough documentary history to prove that Menes was the first pharaoh to unify Upper and Lower Egypt, and in the study of Egyptian history, Narmay, Ahha, and the Scorpion King all have the possibility of being the first to unify Upper and Lower Egypt.

The third is the period of the Old Kingdom, c. 2686-2181 BC, during which the pyramids appeared at the end of the 3-6 dynasties, and all the periods before that, only mastabas.

This was followed by the First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom Period, the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom Period, the Postdynastic Period, and finally the Persian, Macedonian, and Roman periods.

The period from the 1st to the 4th was the period of the formation of the slave state and the emergence of a unified dynasty, the 5th to 7th periods were the period of the re-establishment of the unified kingdom and the empire, and the 8th to 9th periods were the period of the decline of the slave state in Egypt and the fall under foreign rule.

But these are not the point, the point is that the pyramids only appeared during the Old Kingdom of the Third Period.

This means that the ancient corpse in front of everyone is at least more than 4,000 years old.

Four thousand years!

What an exaggerated statistic!

Just standing in front of you, it seems that you can see that thousands of years ago, laborers were being made into mummies and moved in.

"The typical burial posture of crossing arms over the chest, which is modeled after the ancient Egyptian Hades Osiris, is usually used for the burial of a member of the royal family, suggesting that the member was most likely a member of the royal family."

Waziri observed the mummy Yin's movements and made a judgment.

"However, this is not surprising, if it were not for the aristocracy, it would not be possible to have so many funerary goods, and there are many gold products in them, indicating that his status was extraordinary during his lifetime."

Waziri pointed to the murals around him that had become very unfamiliar with water seepage.

The flashlight penetrated the closed burial chamber and hit the wall, and countless dust could be seen flying in the pillar of light, and everyone was taking a deep breath, telling that the dust was flying in waves of disturbances.

Most of the images on the upper walls are visible, but only a small part is recognizable here.

"The architectural style here can also see the shadow of the palace."

"Menes, the first pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt, in the tomb of Negada Negada, the rectangular sacrificial hall, although made entirely of brick, has vertical ridges on the exterior walls, simulating wooden pillars and bundles of reeds, apparently intended to replicate the palace of the time."

"This practice evolved from the dwellings that were popular in Lower Egypt, and the form that originally arose from the construction technique acquired an aesthetic value."

"Because Menes came from Upper Egypt, he adopted this practice, not only for the sake of lightness and magnificence, but also because Menes, as the 'King of Lower Egypt', had to unify the architectural culture of Upper and Lower Egypt in the mausoleum building."

Waziri pointed to the square walls around him, which were actually quite wide, and everyone could stand up straight and straighten their backs.

"The mausoleum is modeled like a residential palace because in the early days, the mausoleum was used as a residence for people after death."

"On the one hand, people can only imagine life after death in terms of their daily lives; On the other hand, one can only use the most familiar buildings as a model to explore the forms and forms of various other buildings. ”

【Awesome】

[This must be very valuable, right?]

[Don't you think it's a little scary]

[What are you afraid of, this has been dead for thousands of years, and it will turn to ash at a slight touch, right? ] 】

[Not really]

Bi Fang stepped forward, took a flashlight and turned it on, shining on Mu Muyin's body, not even daring to breathe.

Things of this era, let alone touching, are the first time I have seen them, for fear that my breathing will cause some unexpected changes.

The drone also flew closer, giving the viewer a clearer and more detailed perspective.

This mummy Yin was wrapped in an extremely large amount of shroud, which thickly wrapped the whole person, except for the head and hands.

And Bi Fang also smelled a very peculiar smell.

In other words, Bi Fang has been wrapped in all kinds of strange smells since he came in.

Bi Fang's sense of smell is already very sensitive, outside the desert, there is a smell of earth and sand everywhere, and after entering the tomb, it is extremely damp and musty.

And the further down it goes, the musty and wet smell gets heavier.

The smell was not good, on the contrary, it was very unpleasant, and Bi Fang was tortured all the time, but he was used to it.

But when the coffin was opened, an even stronger smell was transmitted.

It doesn't smell bad.

Before the advent of modern formalin, all the most effective antiseptics could not have been separated from one purpose - dehydration.

Just like making ham, remove as much water as possible, it will not spoil for more than ten years, and the aroma will become more and more mellow.

The same is true for the munmy, but of course not the ham is made with salt, but with various aromatic spices.

Because of dehydration, there will be no smell caused by spoilage.

Although the basement was damp, the coffin kept the moisture out of the coffin so that it didn't turn into a pile of rotting liquid.

"There are many mysterious ways to make Egyptian mummies, but the basic steps are simple: remove the internal organs, dry the body thoroughly, and wrap the dried body."

"In about 3,000 years, the specific methods and the quality of the embalming technology have changed, but the basic principles are the same."

"At present, most of the mummy yin we have found have inherited the production method, so we can also be sure that the anti-embalming technology of ancient Egyptian mummy yin production has been constantly improving before it tends to mature."

"It is by no means an explosive inspiration that suddenly appeared overnight, and the antiseptic raw materials used in it are also constantly improving and improving, reflecting the extraordinary wisdom of a great nation."

"Like now, exposing the head and hands is the early form of Mu Mu Yin's production, and after that, the whole body is wrapped, and no trace of body tissue will be exposed."

Waziri explained on the side.

[How about Fang Shen, what does it smell like?] 】

[Won't it stink?] 】

[I heard that in the past, the people of the central country would beat Mu Mu Yin into powder as a health care product, and I heard that it can treat yin dysfunction]

[, really? 】

Bi Fang shook his head.

"It doesn't stink, on the contrary, if you smell it carefully, it may still have a little bit of fragrance."

[Fragrance, real or fake? 】

[Did Fang Shen collect the money, I don't believe it]

[This thing has been rotten for more than 4,000 years, can it still be fragrant?] 】

"Really, I smell pine resin."

Waziri raised an eyebrow.

Really fake.

The experts on the side also went up to smell it, and it didn't feel like there was any smell.

However, Waziri is not suspicious, because the preservatives used to make Egyptian mummies do add pine resin, but after so long, they can't smell anything in theory, maybe Bi Fang's sense of smell is more keen.

"In predynastic Egypt, corpses would be wrapped in silk or linen and buried in hollow tombs in the desert."

"If the body is not found by the jackal and torn apart, the hot and thousand sand will absorb the moisture from the corpse, making the corpse look like a black robe-colored leather chair cover, but still recognizable after thousands of years."

"Simple sand burials were the custom of the peasants, but during the reign of dynasties, pharaohs and other noble people were buried in more elaborate tombs."

"Unfortunately, leaving bodies in relatively cool, damp catacombs is prone to decay."

"If the pharaoh wanted both a beautiful resting place and a well-preserved corpse, a new way of disposing of the corpse was needed for eternal life."

"Drying can be done with techniques used to preserve food and fur, just as fish or fish can be pickled."

"But preserving the body of a pharaoh like pickles is not very aesthetically pleasing, so a mystical process of making it offers a better method: in hot places where dry sand or vinegar and salt water are available, embalmers use bubble soda as a desiccant."

"This is a natural sodium salt compound that removes the most perishable internal organs, while the heart is thought to be the seat of thought to remain in the body."

[I know this, there are too many microorganisms in the internal organs, and after they are removed, it is also conducive to antiseptic]

[Is it like this?]

【】

Waziri continued.

"The ancient Greek writer Herodotus left behind many accounts of the embalming of corpses, and many of the materials contained in them reflect a late, perhaps degenerate, state of embalming."

"According to his account, there are three ways to make a mummy, and they differ in degree and price."

[Is it so realistic?] 】

[This Herodotus is so familiar, I seem to have heard it somewhere]

[Fang Shen just talked about it not long ago, did you listen to the lecture carefully, you are going to knock your head like this! ] 】

"In the first grade, the embalmer will use an iron tube to extract the brain from the nose, and then take out the internal organs in the ribs, and wash the abdominal cavity with palm wine and spices, and before filling the abdominal cavity with spices, the corpse will be placed in bubble alkali for 70 days."

"When the embalming of the body is complete, the body is washed, wrapped in high-quality linen, coated with pine resin, and packed into a wooden box in the shape of a human."

"If you don't have that much money, you can ask the embalmer to make it cheaper, that is, the second grade."

"They would skip the step of extracting the brain and cutting the abdominal cavity, inject loose grease directly through the anal door into the abdominal cavity, and then put the corpse in bubble alkali to embalm."

"After 70 days, remove the plug from the door of the anus and let the oil and dissolved intestines flow out. The treated corpses returned by embalmers to relatives were only skin and bones. ”

[Damn, isn't this really disgusting]

[This is faith (covering your face)]

[After all, it was the ancients thousands of years ago, and they really believed in this. 】

[Classification can be OK]

"The third gear, that is, the poorer ones, can only hope for embalming with a simple rinse to clear the abdominal cavity and a 70-day soak."

"However, Herodotus' detailed description of the embalming process is also clearly incorrect."

"According to other sources, embalmers use juniper oil instead of cedar oil."

"The entire embalming process takes 70 days, 40 of which are wrapped inside and out with bags of bubble soda inside and out and dehydrated the body."

"Sometimes embalmers employ a simplified procedure, omitting the removal of the internal organs and replacing the appropriate aromatic preservatives with onions, garlic."

"These inferior skills and apparently deceptive behavior are shown on Mu Muyin's package, the internal organs are badly mutilated, the bones are broken or lost, and animal remains or wood chips are used to fill the corpses."

"Chemists have tried to re-extract and analyze the composition of ancient preservatives, and some scientists believe that the preservative is derived from the extract of cedar wood because cedar contains a chemical called o-methoxyphenol, which is not found in juniper oil."

"Compared to other less commonly used preservatives, cedar wood can hinder the growth of bacteria and effectively preserve animal tissue."

"It's an eye-opener."

Bi Fang exclaimed.

As a professional, Waziri explained in much more detail than he did.

After all, these news and contents in Egypt were found by him by consulting the information, not by the system, so it is always a bit messy to say.

Waziri gave the flashlight to his head and pointed his finger at Mu Mu Yin's teeth: "Look at this Mu Mu Yin's teeth, they are very complete. ”

"This also shows that he has an extraordinary identity in front of him." Bi Fang answered.

"That's right, if you were an ordinary civilian, your teeth wouldn't be as neat and intact as they are."

"Before the introduction of modern technology to determine the age of paleontology, we would use indirect methods, such as estimating the decoration of the coffin, the name of the deceased and the burial goods, to determine the age of the mummy, which was often indeterminate."

"Sometimes it's not true because some mummies have been destroyed by tomb robbers, and the bodies often end up in new, mismatched coffins."

"Now researchers can judge the image of Mu Muyin through CT scanning and 3D imaging, without having to open the corpse cloth."

"This method allows scientists to detect previously unknown Egyptian funerals, as well as funerary objects placed in mummies."

"If the tissue specimen is not contaminated or there is collagen available, carbon-14 can be used to estimate the age of the mummin, but it is difficult to remove impurities from the mumminium material."

"X-ray analysis can also provide valuable data on medicine and dental diseases, estimate the age of death and biological morphological changes, which also makes the research of modern scholars more objective and reasonable."

[Pharaoh: I never dreamed that I would be able to do CT]

[I predict that within 100 years, these researchers will all die because of the pharaoh's curse]

[I just want to know what this tastes like, like beef jerky]

[I heard a saying that in the past, Europeans would soak the mummy in honey and add it to the cake as a secret recipe after soaking]

【Mu Mu Yin uses a lot of preservative spices in the production, so it may be the taste of air-dried cumin beef】

[Cumin is indeed a spice]

[Made a decision against my ancestors.] 】

[Arabs detect what ancestors of the ancient Egyptians did not exist (dog head)]

"The ancient Egyptians had their own unique system of worship of the gods, believing that after death, the gods would weigh the heart, and then the soul would enter reincarnation, and finally enter the body to obtain eternal life."

"It was under the influence of this concept that the ancient Egyptians focused on preserving the integrity of the corpse, so as to prevent the soul of the deceased from having no hope when it 'returned'."

The camera on the side kept taking pictures of Mu Muyin, and the white light flashed in the dark tomb.

Finally, after taking two glances and satisfying his inner curiosity, Bi Fang was invited by everyone to carry the burial goods in the tomb together.

All kinds of funeral goods once again made the audience scream.

Until the next day, the white tent outside the cave was already full of various objects, and the number of people in the camp exceeded fifty, and the overall progress of the work was much faster, and the original low cave was enlarged a lot, which was to facilitate the final removal of the entire Mu Mu Yin coffin.

It was too long for Mu Mu Yin to be transported out in parallel, and if there was some tilt or bump, the pharaoh might fall apart.