Chapter 252: Partition of the Netherlands
In Jupiter Room, signed by France, Spain, England, the Holy Roman Empire, and other countries, the Treaty of Versailles of 1672 made the most radical cut between the Netherlands and its colonies. Every envoy was eyeing the Holland, the original owner of the land, was shut down at Versailles—but as it had always been, the Netherlands was not the first country to disappear into the long river of time, nor was it the last.
The negotiations did not end until the third day after the celebration of the fifteenth, a slight departure from what Louis XIV had previously envisioned, but the fact that he still had an army of 120,000 men in France, and Louis XIV, who had never been defeated even against the Dutch or the Flemishians, against the allied armies of Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Brandenburg, and Spain, kept the envoys in the utmost awe and caution— It turns out that they can no longer interfere with the French occupation of the Low Regions by strong military means, they can only plan for a thing or two in words and intrigues, the problem is that many times, strength is better than all sophistry, in negotiations, the Sun King rarely speaks, the person who speaks is either the Viscount of Tyrrenne or the Prince of Condé, as the two strongest generals in France, they are not good at speaking, but the golden sun medals and epaulettes that constantly flash on their chests and shoulders will make those present unconsciously short of breath.
Of course, those present had heard of Louis XIV's military rank system, which appeared as early as the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and Louis XIV was not the only king who wanted to implement the military rank system, but some kings did not even have their own army (Charles II: Can you not mention me?), and there were also kings and emperors, who were elected to the throne not by blood, but (Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire, Michal of Poland and Hungary: ...... Or the king's power was restrained by his vassals or regent (Queen Mother) (Carlos II of Spain, Karl XI of Sweden: we can't be blamed for this) - in short, so far only Louis XIV has done it, he has the power to have his own guard, musketeers, dragoons, and a new army from Versailles, which far outnumber the princes supported him, and only then can the king introduce the rank system in his army, and give it as a reward— Military rank is directly linked to the treatment and status of soldiers and officers, and it is impossible to do it if it does not belong directly to the king - after all, according to the original theory, "the vassals of vassals are not my vassals", and soldiers belong to generals or lords, not kings, how can they believe the king's promise and die for him?
There were also some ill-intentioned people who expected the Prince of Condé or the Viscount of Tyrrenne, who had great prestige in the army, to obstruct or reject the king's new policy, but unfortunately neither of the two did as they thought, but they gladly accepted the king's arrangement and became the king's most credible spear and shield—they had been made generalissimo the day before, and in addition to the scepter, which was customarily visible, they had the "golden lily", "human sun" and "sword" on their breasts The medals were all dismantled from the coats of arms of Bourbon and Louis XIV, representing honor, the king's trust and triumph, respectively, and the "sword" medals were lined up on the chests of the viscount of Tyrrenne and the Prince of Condé, as were the sword-wielding nobles behind them, which in the eyes of the envoys were threats, as many of these victories came from their defeats.
But to say who was the most painful and embarrassed among those present, there was no one more than William III, and even the Spaniards, the de facto owners of the Flanders region, would not be as embarrassed as him, and everyone could say that they would divide the territory of the Orange family in front of him, and it was ridiculous to say that William III was ill-fated because the Dutch parliament had been wary of Orange's descendants getting the Netherlands again and becoming kings, but now, the Netherlands not only did not belong to Orange, nor did it belong to any Dutch— I don't know how Prime Minister John DeWitt would have felt when he saw this. William III attended every meeting, and although no one listened to him, the Duke of Orleans told Louis that the Orange descendant was still trying to get help from another country or an important person, and he was constantly writing letters hoping to contact someone who supported him.
He must have been disappointed, and perhaps the same as he was Chancellor Werther, who had been beaten by the mob little by little, and William III, though all the people who attended the meeting were powerful and well-dressed, they were no different from the artisans and merchants, who were just as happy to shatter and divide "his" life's hopes in front of William III, arguing about who deserved their share.
Later, even Edward Hyde could not resist persuading Wilhelm III that he should not attend every meeting, but only show up at the meeting of the Utrecht connection, after all, he was elected by Charles II...... A puppet, William III seemed to have fallen under the spell, as if he was going to torture or sacrifice himself, and persevered to the end.
There was a division of the Netherlands proper, originally according to the Dover Secret Treaty between Louis XIV and Charles II, three of the seven provinces belonged to Charles II, but because Charles II wanted William III, his nephew to inherit Utrecht, of course, if possible, he wanted Utrecht not to be included in his three provinces, Louis XIV of course would not agree, the British navy's external and internal strength had been undoubtedly demonstrated in the Third Anglo-Dutch War, and the army created by Charles II in imitation of Louis XIV was still in preparation, London was bloody, the Duke of York hated his brother deeply, and his son was still a baby, now Britain has little chance of going to war with France.
Charles II wanted Utrecht, Friesland and Groningen, but these two regions, Denmark on the top and the Holy Roman Empire on the right, although they belonged to the Archbishops of Münster and Cologne, they were still allies of Louis for the time being, but if they could be bought by Louis, they could be bought by Charles II - after the Netherlands, it was France that became the enemy of England, and Louis did not want to test how deep his relationship with Charles II was - so he would never give these two regions to Charles II.
In addition, King Frederick IV of Denmark has always been angry about Sweden taking away the Scandivinaya region, so in this battle, he not only stood opposite France, but also the enemy of Karl XI, but Denmark wanted to defeat Sweden, and Sweden was not - the Danish king was also the master of Norway, and as long as you look at the map, you know that Norway is like a belt embedded in the territory of Sweden.
Given that the alliance between Carl XI and Louis XIV may last until more than ten years later - if Princess Elizabeth successfully marries into the Swedish royal family and gives birth to an heir for Carl XI, then once Louis XIV occupies the north and south of the Netherlands, Groningen and Friesland, he can form a two-sided attack with Sweden, and if Zeeland and Utrecht are handed over to Charles II and William III, then Louis XIV can encircle the British Netherlands with the Flemish region and Groningen, and Friesland - The British, of course, strongly disagreed with this result, not to mention the fact that the original three provinces were reduced to one at once (they insisted that Utrecht belonged to William III), so after much negotiation and bargaining, Edward Hyde proposed that they could give up ownership of the New York in Amerika in exchange for Friesland and Groningen, and it was clear that what Louis could think of, the English should be able to think of.
So after returning to the king, the French, who returned to the negotiating table, offered a condition that Charles II could hardly refuse—Louis XIV accepted the British renunciation of New York, but he was still unwilling to abandon the original plan, but he could take a step back and cede South Holland.
This was something that none of the people present could have imagined, because the richest place in the Netherlands was still South Holland rather than North Holland, and Rotterdam and The Hague alone, two of the three major ports in the Netherlands were in South Holland - this was enough to make the cash-strapped Charles II hesitate.
Thus, England had South Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland, which occupied the lower half of the Netherlands, France occupied North Holland, Groningen and Friesland, and as for Upper IJsselm, it was received by the archbishops of Cologne and Münster respectively, and only Gelderland was left after a delicate struggle- Leopold I's envoys were certainly not willing to return in vain, and if they could be inserted into the French Netherlands (Gelderland was between Groningen and Flanders), even if France occupied two and a half provinces of the Netherlands, it still had to be on guard against the knives behind him, and as previously described, Charles II was happy to see Louis XIV lose control of the Netherlands, and the English envoys contributed to it, and finally Gelderland was forced to cede to the Habsburgs. But not Leopold I of Austria, but Carlos II of Spain, on the grounds that Spain exchanged the province with the Flemish region, of course.
In this way, Carlos II's face can be regarded as preserved......
Then, as compensation, Louis XIV did not hesitate to take the rest of the Dutch region in Amerika, the Hudson River Valley, although at first Louis was ready to regurgitate Flanders and the Netherlands, and although the New World and the colonies seemed very attractive, he also knew that disorderly expansion would only lead to a second Rome - It was because of the continuous expansion of the ancient Roman Empire that it failed to consolidate its foundations, which led to the fact that in the middle and late periods, the whole empire was in a state of loose alliance, and the governors of each district were like a king, oh no, they did become kings after that.
But now that France had acquired Amerika, the rest of the Dutch colonies were the prey of wolves - the British got Batavia, Sumatra, Malacca, and Ceylon (Malacca was almost the biggest shadow of the British caravans- When the Dutch took control of Malacca, every English caravan had to pay heavy taxes), Spain got the Spice Islands (the Portuguese envoys protested but it was useless), but they took the opportunity to retake the Cape of Good Hope, Austria tried to keep the Andreas Islands, but in the end the Antilles were given by Sweden - The Andreas Islands is the island connecting the two parts of Ameriga, since France has decided to accept the New York, then Carl XI did not hesitate to choose the Andreas Islands, here it is fortunate that Carl XI rushed to Versailles in order to meet his future bride, the Austrian envoy was only a count, and when facing the King of Sweden and the King of France at the same time, he was almost powerless.
But the Austrian envoys did not return empty-handed, they were given Indonesia and the Malay Archipelago.
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Leaving aside how William III returned to the room full of hatred - he was already the Prince of Orange by this time, although he was left with only Utrecht, who had thought of assassinating the culprit, that is, King Louis XIV of France, but every time he met this king, there were priests and guards around him, and he did not have the value to make Louis XIV look the other way - the envoys of the other countries could be said to have returned to their rooms exhausted, either eating and drinking, or falling asleep, and some continued to think.
For example, the Spanish envoy Juan Patinho, he is the illegitimate son of Philip IV, and the confidant of Don Juan José, the current regent of Spain, but his heart is loyal to the Habsburgs, that is, his master should be Carlos II, but after meeting Louis XIV, although he knew that he shouldn't, but he couldn't help but feel a sense of disappointment in his heart, he did not expect Carlos II to become the second Sun King, but the Duke of Cologna around the Sun King did not know that it was many times better than Carlos II.
You can't say that a loyal courtier shouldn't have no expectations of his own king - but Carlos II is eleven years old this year, and he is still a dull and ignorant man...... Suffering from epilepsy and often falling to the ground and hesitating on any occasion, the Spaniards have always had the most devout beliefs, and he inevitably makes people think that he is possessed by the devil, and people are already whispering, giving Carlos II the nickname "The Devil".
That's why Don Juan José was only an illegitimate child, but there were still plenty of people in Spain who supported him – as long as he didn't want to sit on the throne of the king.
Don Juan was destined not to be king, and once he died, or lost power, all he now had was a shadow in the mirror, and he was not happy to get Flanders Patinho, because he did not know what decision Duke Don Juan would make—"If I were King of France," he said softly, "I would definitely try to get Flanders." ”
Would Duke Don Juan be willing to keep this enclave as a springboard and garrison for Spain in the future? Perhaps, he was a soldier and an ambitious man, but his talent was inversely proportional to his ambitions, and he was defeated by the Portuguese and the French - what choice would he make now that Spain was not the most powerful Spain during the "Two Kings" period?
The only thing that is certain is that Don Juan will never fall to the Habsburgs, after all, the Habsburg Queen Mother of Spain was exiled by him, and even if he supported Leopold I, Leopold I would not abandon his sister.