Qin Shi Huang was afraid that the elixir of life obtained by Yingtian was fake, and he wanted to get another one and use another medicine to try it.

So Qin Shi Huang asked Yan people Lu Sheng to ask for the traces of immortals such as Xianmen and Gao Oath, and later made Han Tong, Hou Gong, and Shi Sheng ask for immortal medicine.

For Qin Shi Huang's behavior, there are also Confucian scholars who expressed their advice, and the doctor Qi Ren Chun Yuyue suggested that the first emperor still implement the policy of dividing the children of the clan into princes, and the first emperor handed it over to his subordinates for discussion. Prime Minister Li Si objected. Li Si's recital led to the Qin Shi Huang Emperor ordering the burning and banning of books, stipulating that all historical books should be burned unless they were in the Qin period; Those who are not doctors, and dare to have "poems", "books", and "treatises" in the world, will be kept and burned; Those who dare to say "poems" and "books" will abandon the market; The past is not the present, the clan. Whoever sees that he does not raise the line is guilty of the same crime. The order is not to burn for 30 days, and it is a city. Quasi-depositor, the book of medicine divination and tree planting. If you want to learn the law, then take the officials as your teacher.

The First Emperor felt deceived in his heart, so he ordered the imperial history case to ask all the living beings, and exposed each other to implicate more than 460 people, and the first emperor ordered them to be buried alive in Xianyang. Qin Shi Huang killed warlocks, not Confucians.

After Qin Shi Huang completed the great cause of unifying the Central Plains, after a series of preparations, in the 29th year of the First Emperor (218 BC), Qin Shi Huang ordered the general Tu Sui to lead an army of 500,000 and launched the war of the southern expedition to Baiyue, which was the most difficult and fierce battle in the Qin Dynasty.

The Qin army was divided into five routes, one to capture Dongou and Minyue, two to attack Nanyue, and the remaining two to attack Xiou.

"Huainanzi Human Training" records the difficult course of Qin Shi Huang's southern expedition to Baiyue: "Envoy Tu Sui sent 500,000 soldiers to the five armies...... For three years, he did not untie his armor and gallop crossbow, so that the prisoner could not transfer his salary; He also dug a ditch and opened the grain road with a pawn, so as to fight with the Yue people, and kill the Song Dynasty of the West; And the Yue people are all in the bush and the beasts, Mo Ken is the Qin captive, and the jun thinks that he will be, and the night attack the Qin people, the big break, kill the captain and slaughter the ju, and the corpse sheds hundreds of thousands of blood, which is suitable for the war. ”

The Qin army divided into five routes, passing through Yuechengling in northern Guangxi, Jiuzhi Mountain in southern Hunan, and Kang and Yugan in southwest Jiangxi, and marched to the Yue people in the Liangguang region. The war lasted for three years.

In the thirty-third year of the First Emperor (214 BC), Qin Shi Huang ordered Ren Huan and Zhao Tuo to attack the Baiyue tribes again.

The Qin army was so strong that the entire Lingnan region was included in the territory of the Qin Dynasty.

Historical records say that in the pre-Qin period, Lingnan was a land of smoke and miasma, a clan society of slash-and-burn farming, and it was not until the Qin army brought advanced technology to the south that it began to integrate into civilization.

The southward march of the Qin army brought with them the farming technology and advanced culture of the northern Central Plains, which enabled the Lingnan region to quickly and smoothly enter the era of agricultural civilization from the era of slash-and-burn farming. The Qin-Attack Hundred Yue War was an important part of Qin Shi Huang's unification war, which played a non-negligible role in promoting the integration of the Central Plains and Baiyue and the social, political, economic and cultural development of Baiyue.

During the Warring States Period, the countries of the Central Plains were busy with conquests and had no time to look north, and the Xiongnu often raided the northern borderlands of Qin, Zhao, and Yan that bordered them. In order to relieve the threat of the Xiongnu to Qin, Qin Shi Huang ordered Meng Tian to lead an army of 300,000 to attack the Xiongnu in the north.

In the spring of the 33rd year of the First Emperor (214 BC), the main army of Meng Tiantong went out of the Great Wall from the north of Shangjun to attack its east; Yang Wengzi led the division from Xiao Pass out of the Great Wall to attack its west. The Huns were defeated and fled. Qin then took Henan).

44 counties were placed along the river, and immigrants were reclaimed. Due to the continuous attack of the Xiongnu, in the autumn of the following year, Qin Shi Huang reverted to the Meng Tian army and crossed the Yellow River to the north, took Gaoque, and captured Yangshan (Wolf Mountain, Yin Mountain) and Beijiao.

The Xiongnu were defeated and migrated north.

In order to consolidate the Henan region, Qin placed Jiuyuan County.

This counterattack lifted the intrusion and destruction of the Xiongnu nobles, and "collected the land south of the river", so that the vast areas inside and outside the Hetao and the north and south of the river were freed from the disaster of the war disaster for a long time.

At the same time as the Northern Expedition to the Xiongnu, the imperial court migrated a large number of prisoners, "Shichuchu County".

In the thirty-fifth year of the first emperor (212 BC), the number of migrants was further increased. In addition to the convicts, the general population was encouraged to move to the borderlands. For example, in the thirty-sixth year of the first emperor (211 BC), 30,000 migrants from the interior settled in Beihe and Yuzhong at one time. These displaced people and convicts played an important role in developing the northern border areas and enriching their armaments.

In order to open up the southwest, Qin Shi Huang decided to open up the southwest because the people of all ethnic groups in the southwest had long-term exchanges with the hinterland. Pai Chang Tong Southwest Yi.

Chang 頠 with its traffic blocked, is to dig a plank road from Yibin, Sichuan to Yunnan Dianchi area, because "its place is dangerous", "the road is only five feet", so it is called the five-foot road.

After the plank road was opened, the forces of Daqin directly arrived in Jilan, Yelang, Qiongdu, Kunming and other places, and set up officials here to "place officials" and establish administrative institutions.

At the same time, Qin also passed through Shu County, strengthened its ties with Qiongdu, Xiao, and Ran, and incorporated them into the administrative system of the county system.

Since then, the southwestern minority areas have not only strengthened their relations with the hinterland, but have also become part of a unified multi-ethnic state.

In addition, Qin Shi Huang also opened a five-foot road to the southwest, roughly from present-day Yibin in Sichuan Province to Qujing in Yunnan, controlling the local tribal state and extending political power into the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

After Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, he began to build the Great Wall in the north.

At that time, the Central Plains had just been unified, and the original aristocratic power in various places was still very strong, and if the communication and communication between the central regions were not maintained, the country would be in a situation of re-division at any time, so it was necessary to improve the communication and communication between the central government and other counties and counties as soon as possible, so it was necessary to build roads as soon as possible.

As a result of years of war, the agricultural facilities of the former countries have been greatly damaged, or have fallen into disrepair due to the war; Agricultural production must be resumed as soon as possible after reunification; Therefore, it is necessary to spend considerable manpower to dredge rivers and repair canals, which are beneficial to waterway transportation and agricultural irrigation.

The Great Wall was built to protect the lives and property of the people on the northern border, and its purpose was also to reduce the burden on the people. Since the Xiongnu were nomadic people, their cavalry had a large range of activities, and if there was no Great Wall, they would have to have a lot of troops to defend, which would add a great burden to the people.

He didn't create the Great Wall, he just connected the original Great Wall to the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan.

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During the Warring States period, the weights and measures systems of various countries were very inconsistent. Qin Shi Huang used the measure, measurement, and weights of the original Qin State as the unit standard, and eliminated the system that did not conform to this. The Qin court added an edict inscription to the standard instrument promulgated by the original Shang Dynasty, or made another standard instrument with an inscription and sent it to the whole country.

Scales, quantities, and scales that are different from standards are prohibited. In terms of the field system, the Qin Dynasty stipulated that 6 steps (about 23.1 centimeters [152] today) were the rulers, and 240 steps were one mu.

This acre system has been used for thousands of years and has not changed.

After the unification of Qin, it was stipulated that the currency was divided into two types: gold was called Shangyuan, and the unit was Eridium (20 taels in the Qin system was Eridium); Copper coins are called lower coins, unified into a round square hole, in units of half a tael. Gold coins were mainly used by the emperor as a reward, and copper coins were the main medium of circulation.

Qin Shi Huang adopted two main ways to unify the currency: one was to unify the coinage by the state, severely punish the private coinage, and put the right to manufacture the currency in the hands of the state.

The second is to unify the two currencies, namely gold and copper. Change the gold to "eridium" as a unit, one eridium is twenty taels.

Copper coins are in units of "half taels", and the word "half taels" is clearly stated in gold coins. The copper coin is shaped as a round square hole, commonly known as "Qin half two".

Originally, the pearls, jade, turtles, silver and tin that were common in the six countries could no longer be used as currency, and to Qin, the currency of one of the two countries was second-class; Gold is named after eridium, which is the upper currency; The copper coin is said to be half a tael, as heavy as its text, and it is the next coin. And the pearl jade, turtle shell, silver and tin belong to the ornamental treasure, not the coin.

Beginning in 222 BC, Qin Shi Huang began to build a large number of highways with the national capital Xianyang as the center and extending in all directions, similar to modern highways.

Gallop and implement "car on the same track", with an average width of 50 steps. There are several functions of Chidao, one is to make transportation convenient to facilitate the management of the old land of the Six Kingdoms, one is to facilitate the supply of the front line of the Northern War, and the other is to facilitate the first emperor to be unimpeded when he goes out on patrol. In addition to the Qin Straight Road and the Qin Plank Road, most of them were built on the basis of the old road between Qin's hometown and the Six Kingdoms, as well as the roads built during Qin's conquest of the Six Kingdoms.

Famous Chi Roads include: Shangjun Road, Linjin Road, Dongfang Road, Wuguan Road, Qin Plank Road, Western Road and Qin Straight Road.

After the destruction of the Six Kingdoms, Qin Shi Huang ordered Shi Lu to dig a canal to connect the Xiang River in the Yangtze River system and the Li River in the Pearl River system in order to facilitate the transportation of troops and materials needed for the conquest of Lingnan.

The canal was finally built in the 20th to 23rd year of the reign of Qin Shi Huang (219-215 BC).

The Ling Canal is one of the oldest canals in the world, and it has been a waterway between Lingnan and the Central Plains for more than 2,000 years since its opening.

Before Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, he paid attention to the domination of ethnic minorities in the southwest, southeast, and northwest regions, thus strengthening the political and cultural relations of a unified multi-ethnic state dominated by the Chinese nation.

After the reunification, officials were placed in the southwestern minority areas, making them an integral part of the Qin state.

After Qin destroyed Chu, he further unified the southeast Yue region and established Minzhong County in the land of Dongou and Minyue.

Subsequently, Qin Shi Huang ordered Tu Sui to lead an army of 500,000 to the south by five routes, penetrating into the territory of present-day Hunan, Guangdong, and Jiangxi.

At the same time, the poor people, sons-in-law, and Jia people who were in debt were distributed to support the war, and finally unified the Nanyue and Xiou regions, and established Nanhai County, Guilin County, and Xiang County. From then on, these areas became the territory of the Qin state.

In the late Warring States period, there was a powerful nomadic tribe from west to north, the Xiongnu, which rose up and operated in Toumancheng, north of Yinshan, and its chieftain Toumandan often used fast-moving cavalry to plunder grain and population in the Central Plains, and burned villages. Therefore, King Wuling of Zhao took defensive measures and emigrated to reclaim.

However, it still could not prevent the Xiongnu from moving south, and the area around Jiuyuan Henan (referring to the south of the Yellow River) was occupied by it.

In the twenty-sixth year of the first emperor (221 BC), 30,000 households were moved to Yuzhong, Hebei Province for cultivation, and at the same time, on the basis of the original Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan, the Great Wall of 5,000 miles was built.

After the Yin Shang Dynasty, the writing gradually became popular.

As the official script, the Jin script is relatively consistent in form.

However, there are regional differences in the folk characters such as weapons, pottery scripts, silk scripts, and simple scripts in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

This situation has hindered economic and cultural exchanges between various localities, and has also affected the effective implementation of the policies and decrees of the central government.

Therefore, after Qin unified the Central Plains, Qin Shi Huang ordered Li Si and others to sort out and unify the text.

Based on the large seal commonly used by the Qin people during the Warring States Period, Li Si absorbed the advantages of the simple and simple strokes of the tadpole script that was common in Qilu and other places, and created a new script with a uniform shape and simple strokes, called "Qin Seal", also known as "Xiao Seal", as the official standard text, and abolished other variant characters at the same time.

In addition, a government official named Cheng Miao was imprisoned in Yunyang for committing a crime, and during his 10 years in prison, he summarized a change that had occurred in the evolution of the font at that time (later known as "Libian").

This move was appreciated by Qin Shi Huang, so he released him, and also promoted him to the imperial history, ordered him to "set the book", and formulated a new font, which is the "official book".

Lishu broke the tradition of ancient Chinese characters, laid the foundation of regular script, and improved the efficiency of writing.

Qin Shi Huang's order to unify and simplify the written language was a summary of the development and evolution of ancient Chinese writing, and it was also a major writing reform, and he played an important role in the development of Chinese culture.

"Doing the same" means correcting customs and establishing a unified code of ethics and behavior.

The Qin Dynasty also attached considerable importance to it. For example, in the twenty-eighth year of Qin Shi Huang (219 BC), Qin Shi Huang came to Mount Tai.

This was originally the hometown of Qi and was known as the "State of Etiquette". Qin Shi Huang made people write down the clear boundary between men and women on the stone carved by Mount Tai, treat each other with courtesy, women rule inside, men rule outside, and do their duty, so as to set a good example for future generations and be commended.

In the 37th year of the first emperor (210 B.C.), the inscription left on the stone carved in Huiji was flogged on the prevailing local obscenity, and the custom of lax prevention of men and women in the Wuyue region was corrected with the article that the adulterer was not guilty.

During the Warring States period, the shape of vehicles varied from country to country.

After Qin Shi Huang unified the whole country, the width of the car was six feet, and one car could pass through the whole country.

Thirty-six years, Yingfu guarded his heart. There is a falling star in the East County, to the ground is a stone, the head of the Qian, or carved its stone and said "the first emperor died and the land was divided". When the first emperor heard it, he sent the imperial history to ask questions, and he was not convinced, and he took all the people living next to the stone to punish him, because he burned his stone.

(Mars invades Antares, a celestial sign that symbolizes the emperor's calamity.) A meteorite fell in Dongjun, and after it landed, it turned into a stone, and some people carved on the stone, "The first emperor died and the land was divided." When the First Emperor heard this, he sent the Imperial Historian to inquire from house to house, but no one confessed, so he took all the people who lived around the stone and killed them, and burned the meteorite. ）

Seeing this, the emperor couldn't help but be shocked.

Sure enough, in the illusion of divination.

In the thirty-seventh year (210 BC), Qin Shi Huang died in the Dune Palace on his fifth eastern tour.

After the death of Qin Shi Huang, Zhao Gao took the means of persuading Hu Hai to threaten Li Si, and the two conspired in the Dune Palace to fake Qin Shi Huang to issue an edict and Hu Hai to inherit the throne, and also accused Fu Su of being unfilial to his son and Meng Tian of being disloyal in the name of Qin Shi Huang, forcing them to commit suicide and not to disobey.

After receiving the exact news of Fusu's suicide, Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, and Li Si ordered the convoy to travel day and night and quickly return to Xianyang.

In order to continue to deceive the subjects, the convoy did not dare to take a shortcut back to Xianyang, but put on a posture of continuing to patrol and made a detour back to Xianyang. Due to the high temperature of the summer, Qin Shi Huang's body was already rotting and stinking.

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