Chapter 404: Academy of Sciences

The third prince looked back at Mr. Li deeply: "Mr. Li has an idea?" ”

"Yes, Your Highness, let's go to Xingshan, Hubei, isn't there still 200,000 Dashun remnants of the Thirteen Families of Kuidong? The Ming army only occupied the area south of the Yangtze River in Hubei, Xingshan in the north of the Yangtze River, and now it is still the area ruled by the Manchus. Mr. Li paused and said: "+ The East Thirteen Families were originally Li Zicheng's Dashun Army, when the emperors of the Southern Ming Dynasty resisted the Qing Dynasty, they would rather join forces with Zhang Xianzhong's remnants to resist the Qing Dynasty than fight with the lone army of the Dashun Army, all they did was that Li Zicheng captured Beijing City that year, and Emperor Chongzhen died at the hands of Li Zicheng. Moreover, when Li Zicheng and his uncle Gao Yingxiang sent troops to Fengyang and dug up the mausoleum of Taizu, although Li Laiheng was only the old department of Dashun, his subordinates were afraid that the old accounts would be turned over after the Ming Dynasty, so although they secretly contacted the Ming army, they did not dare to make up their minds to return. If His Royal Highness the Crown Prince goes to Xingshan for a trip, contacts Li Laiheng, and persuades them to gather people to attach themselves to His Highness, with these 200,000 people who resist the Qing Dynasty, plus 100,000 congregations in Xiangtang from all over the country, they will not worry about the failure of hegemony. ”

+ The East Thirteen Families is the general name of the anti-Qing armed forces in the area east of Kuizhou, with the purpose of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty, and the core is the Dashun Peasant Rebel Army of the former Li Zicheng. After Li Zicheng withdrew from Beijing, he was defeated by the Qing army in a row, and finally was suddenly killed by the landlord in Jiugong Mountain, Tongshan County, Hubei, and his remnants Liu Tichun, Hao Yongzhong, Li Laiheng, Yuan Zongdi, etc. still have 20 ~ more than 10,000 people in various places, and around the third to four years of Shunzhi, they turned to the war and returned to Xingshan, Guizhou, Badong, Daning and other counties in the Sichuan-Hubei border area, with a total of 200,000 troops, and the momentum was huge, and it was the last anti-Qing force left behind by the Dashun army.

After a hard battle, the leader Li Laiheng led the people back to Bagui, selected Xingshan and Maolu Mountain as strongholds, and built the marshal's mansion in Qilianping. Finally, an anti-Qing base was established with Maolu Mountain in Xingshan County, Hubei Province as the center, occupying 20~more than 20 counties and supporting tens of thousands of soldiers.

In the early years of Kangxi, the Manchus had carried out a large-scale encirclement and suppression of the Thirteen Families of Kuidong in Xingshan, Hubei, if it was according to the original history, the Thirteen Families of Di + Dong would have perished long ago, and it was precisely because of the rise of the Southern Ming Dynasty that the Manchus had no time to deal with this group of rogues hiding in the mountains, and also allowed the Thirteen Families of Kuidong to be maintained in Xingshan.

The third prince of Zhu nodded, and there was a glimmer of hope in his gray eyes: "Okay, go to Xingshan, this prince has long heard that Li Deheng has resisted the Qing army for 200,000 years with 200,000 weak people, and he is a great hero who stands up to the sky. ”

The waves were even more urgent, and above the blue waves, the ship of the third prince of Zhu was like a sharp arrow splitting the wind and waves, sailing into the waters of the Beibu Gulf.

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The Pearl River port is one of the most important locations in Zhu Jun's plan for industrialization, for this reason, the imperial court has demarcated a total of four development areas here, namely Panyu, Xiangshan, Shunde, Xin'an four prefectures, the total area is three times that of the Haidu Development Zone, the cost of infrastructure alone is more than eight million taels of silver, the labor division mobilized the crowd for a whole year, before the infrastructure facilities were completely built, and the following year is crazy to attract investment, the Han people in Guangdong have close ties with Nanyang, and there are many Guangdong people who fled into Nanyang after the Qing soldiers entered the customs, and now these people have returned to their hometowns in fine clothesIt is not only family affection that has been brought back, but also countless funds, and after a year of hard work, the four development zones have continued to build factories and recruit a large number of workers, and now a complete production system has been formed.

Zhu Jun accompanied by Zhao Gao in the Panyu Development Zone did a short stay, the hinterland of Panyu is the sea, there is a special large port ** through the sea road, the north is the three divisions of Guangdong Province Yamen station Guangzhou Mansion, left and right are Shunde, Xin'an Development Zone, the geographical conditions are extremely superior, so the attraction of investment is also the first of the four major development zones, now there are nearly 300,000 people into the development zone to work, 640 large and small workshops, factories continue to produce a variety of goods through Panyu Port and connect Guangdong, Shunde, Xin'an Chidao will send goods to various places.

The officials of the development zone are selected by the Ministry of Industry. The chief officer was personally selected by Zhou Mubai. Therefore, the landlord of Panyu Development Zone is naturally similar to Zhou Mubaidi's temper. Fiddling with all kinds of data in front of Zhu Jun. How much steel is made per month in the development zone. How much cloth is produced, etc. Zhu Jun was also happy to listen. It made Zhao Gao depressed. The dignified political envoy can only stand by his side to accompany him. Let a six-grade chief official out of the limelight.

Then. A Beizhen Fusi Di Fanzi came in and said, "Your Majesty." Master Hongzhi has found it. It is outside the ya. ”

Zhu Jun rubbed his hands excitedly. Hurriedly stood up from the imperial case: "Please..." Zhu Jun regretted it again. Waving his hand, he said, "It's better for me to greet him personally." ”

After speaking, he got up and walked outside the ya. The civil and military officials in the interior of the yatang were all confused. Who is Master Hongzhi? They hadn't even heard of it. But the emperor values it so much. No one dares to stay here anymore. followed the emperor out to greet him.

Zhu Jun slowly walked to the yamen. When I looked up, I saw an old monk standing outside the door in a shabby monk's robe. The body is still tough. The old monk's eyes also seemed to fall on Zhu Jun. Look up and down. Sighing.

"Weichen Fang knocked on the emperor with wisdom." The old monk had tears in his eyes. He knelt down unconsciously.

Zhu Jun quickened his steps and helped Fang Yizhi up: "Fang Aiqing, don't be polite, get up and speak quickly." ”

The officials who followed Zhu Jun suddenly understood that this person was Fang Yizhi, who was famous all over the world back then, and when they didn't expect it, this old man had now shaved his hair and become a monk.

Fang Yizhi glanced at Zhu Jun deeply, and put his palms together to perform various Buddhist rituals: "After a few years, the emperor is no longer the emperor of the past." ”

Zhu Jun's face changed when he heard this, and then he thought that Fang Yizhi meant something else, Fang Yizhi was a native of Fengyili, Tongcheng County, Anqing Prefecture, and was the main descendant of the family in Tongcheng during this period. Great-grandfather Fang Xuegradually, proficient in medicine, science, and can learn from the hundreds of schools, comprehended, self-contained, in addition to recording the "Journey to the East" to Donglin lectures, the author of "Yi Li", "Sex Good Interpretation", "Tongyi", "Training", "Tongchuan Language" and so on. Grandfather Fang Dazhen in the Wanli years, once served as Zuo Shaoqing of Dali Temple, and wrote hundreds of volumes such as "Yiyi", "Poetry", "Rites", "Yongsilu", "Youzhonglu" and so on. Pathology

He learned from Geng's theorem of the Taizhou School, and the "Case of Ming Confucianism" included him in the ". His maternal grandfather, Wu Yingbin, was proficient in Confucianism, and wrote "The Complete Works of Xueyi", "Commentary on Xueyong", "Treatise on Zongyi Sheng", "Trinity Zhai Manuscript" and so on. Father Fang Kong, Wanli forty-four years of Jinshi, Chongzhen Dynasty official to Huguang governor, medicine, geography, military, and early contact with Western learning, advocating the study of the knowledge of the world, author of "Zhou Yi Shi Treatise", "Quanbian Brief Notes", "Shang Shu Shi Treatise" and other works such as "Quanbian Brief Notes".

"Zhou Yishi Theory" was included in the inventory list of "Four Library Synopsis".

Fang Yizhi has been adhering to his family education since he was a child, and was raised by his mother and aunt since he was a child.

As an adult, Fang traveled around Jianghuai and Wuyue with his wisdom, visited book collectors, read a wide range of books, traveled around, and made friends. Among his fellow students were the Western missionaries Bi Francis and John Tong, and read Western books, from whom Fang Yizhi learned and understood the modern natural sciences of the West. He once wrote a poem saying: "The frost is like snow and the lonely southern expedition, Mo Dao can have no reason for the country." Reprimanded Fang Shi and laughed, and the morning glory was always famous. Lingyun has been moving for a long time, and the cane and sword become the sound of wind and rain. There are only few letters in the sea, and there are crazy births under Longmian Mountain. "expressed his extraordinary political ambitions. In order to advise the emperor to select and use talents, eliminate malpractices, and implement certain reforms, he wrote "Proposed Seeking Virtuous Edicts", "Proposed Seeking Governance", "Proposed Seeking Reading and Seeing People", etc., and was determined to support the Zhongxing of the Ming Dynasty as his own responsibility. He once said in "After the Eleventh Biography of Shulu" that he wanted to "wash the dirt of the East China Sea and wash the dirt of the world". He once reunited with Chen Zhenhui, Wu Yingji, Hou Fangyu and other main alliances, judged characters, satirized the court situation, and was known as the "Four Sons", and moved the world with the reputation of his articles.

Fang Yizhi's father, Fang Kong, was impeached and imprisoned by Yang Sichang when he was the governor of Huguang. It was a good story for a while.

In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, the thirty-year-old Fang Yizhi Jinshi, elected as a Shu Jishi, someone recommended Fang Yizhi to Emperor Chongzhen, Chongzhen called the Dezheng Palace, Fang Yizhi "The language is confidential, and the upper stroke is good". Later, he served as the official of the Ministry of Industry, the review of the Hanlin Academy, and the speaker of the prince and the king of Yong.

Four years later, Li Zicheng's peasant army invaded Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, Fang Yizhi wept bitterly in front of Chongzhen's spirit, and was captured by the peasant army, who tortured him, but he never surrendered. Soon, Li Zicheng's army was defeated at Shanhaiguan, and Fang Yizhi took advantage of the chaos to flee south, and he did not die. When Fang Yizhi's swear not to surrender to the peasant army in Beijing was transmitted to Jiangnan, his friends compared him to Wen Tianxiang.

Fang Yizhi went to Nanjing to defect to the Nanming Hongguang regime, and the enemy Ruan Da controlled the Nanming Hongguang regime, and was constantly excluded and persecuted, so he had to change his name to Wu Shigong, and lived in Lingnan and Liangguang to sell medicine for a living. Soon, Emperor Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty was summoned by the original official Shu Jishi, and the party was named "Sanping" with wisdom, and wandered in the mountains and rivers of the Pearl River.

Then Guiwang Zhu Youlang called the emperor Yu Zhaoqing, under the recommendation of his father's friend Qu Shihua, Fang Yizhi participated in the activities of supporting the Yongli regime, Ren Zuo Zhongyun, Shao Zhan Shi, Hanlin Academy attendant lectured on bachelors, Fang Yizhi soon found that the Guiwang regime was precarious, the name did not match the truth, the internal door disputes, traitors were in charge, and the outside was in the same room with the Shaowu regime in Guangzhou, and the soldiers met. Yongli is even more timid as a mouse, the slightest smell of the wind and cranes that run away, all this makes Fang Yizhi disheartened, and was later falsely impeached and dismissed, and has to escape to the ethnic minority areas of Hunan, Guangxi, and western Guangdong, living a life of "Qu Xuan thatched hut chickens sleep together, and the ghosts of the deserted villages are neighbors".

When the Qing troops marched south, he contacted the anti-Qing forces in the southeast to resist. The Qing army captured Pingle, Guangxi, Fang Yizhi was arrested, and the Qing army put a Qing army official uniform on the left side of Fang Yizhi, and a bright knife on the right for Fang Yizhi to choose. Fang Yizhi did not hesitate, and immediately ran to the right, indicating that he would rather die than surrender. The Manchu generals admired his integrity and released him. After being released, he was a monk, changed his name to Hongzhi, and there was no word.

Among the five great scientific giants in the late Ming Dynasty, Fang Yizhi, Li Shizhen, Xu Guangqi, Xu Xiake, and Song Yingxing were juxtaposed by later generations, among which Fang Yizhi's "Little Knowledge of Physics" is particularly outstanding, which can be regarded as a scientific masterpiece at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Jun knew that the reason why Fang Yizhi said 'After a long time, the emperor is no longer the emperor of the former place' is not something else, as early as ten years ago, Yizhi was one of the people who supported the throne of the Yongli Emperor, and then it was gloomy, and now Zhu Jun stands in front of Fang Yizhi, and naturally he will say that the emperor is no longer the emperor in the past, but this emperor is just the Yongli who was greedy for life and afraid of death in the past, and now in front of Fang Yizhi, he is a reborn and strong king.

Zhu Jun took Fang Yizhi's hand, and entered the yatang under the envy of a large number of officials, Zhu Jun sat on the upper seat, and moved from Fang Yizhi to Jindun, and the local officials in Guangdong could only stand on both sides, Zhu Jun opened his mouth and asked: "Mr. Fang's physics knowledge is that I have studied the land, and I have benefited a lot, and now I know that Mr. is highly talented, and this time I specially invited Mr. to come, that is, I hope that Mr. can enter the court as an official, for the Ming Dynasty, and do something for the people of the world." ”

The book consists of 12 volumes, which are divided into 15 categories, including heaven, calendar, wind, thunder, rain and electricity, earth, horoscope, human body, medicine, diet, clothing, gold and stone, utensils, plants and trees, birds and beasts, ghosts and gods, and strange things. In terms of content, it covers a wide range of aspects such as astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, agriculture, craft, philosophy, art, etc.

The value of Physics Facts is not only reflected in its practicality, but also in its unique scientific insights. Fang Yizhi put forward many insights in the book. In terms of astronomy, "Physics Knowledge" inherited the excellent achievements of traditional Chinese astronomy, and absorbed the advanced knowledge imported from the West at that time. For example, the book says, "The earth is round and round in the heavens." …… Legend has it that the ground floats on the water, and the sky envelops the water, which is fallacious. The terrain is like walnut meat, convex mountains and concave seas. ”

Traditionally, China has always believed that the sky is round and the earth is flat. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, missionaries came to China and brought with them the doctrine of the circle of the earth, which was accepted by some Chinese intellectuals, and Fang Yizhi was one of them. He said that "the terrain is like walnut meat, convex mountains and concave seas".

The earth shows that the sea is also part of the earth, which helps to break the traditional "on" theory.

In terms of physics, "Physics Knowledge" has many commendable points, especially in the knowledge of optics and acoustics that it discusses. The understanding of the fluctuation of light and sound in "Physics Knowledge" is far stronger than that of its predecessors. Fang Yizhi also explained his proposition of "light fat shadow thin" on this basis, believing that in the process of propagation, light must always invade the geometric optical shadow range, so that the light area expands and the shadow area shrinks.

He also refuted the missionary's claim that the diameter of the sun was nearly one-third the distance between the sun and the earth. These are unprecedented academic contributions.

In addition, the description and elucidation of many issues such as the dispersion, reflection and refraction of light, the generation, propagation, reflection, resonance, and sound insulation effect of sound, the specific gravity, and the magnetic effect are all extremely excellent.

In terms of medicine and biology, "Physics Knowledge" also has many contributions. Fang Yizhi has made great efforts in these aspects, and the relevant entries account for more than one-third of the total entries in the book. He is fluent in Chinese and Western cultures, and has in-depth research on human physiology, pathology, medical treatment, medicine and many other aspects. Fang Yizhi attaches great importance to absorbing and introducing Western medical knowledge to make up for the shortcomings of traditional medicine. In his "Physics Tips", he introduced a great deal of anatomical knowledge in Western medicine, which is a weak link in traditional medicine. Based on the knowledge of Western human physiology, he proposed that "the wisdom of man is the turbidity of the brain", which is a brave breakthrough in the traditional saying that "the official of the heart thinks about it". Fang Yizhi is also very proficient in traditional medicine, and "Physics Knowledge" has widely quoted the remarks of doctors of previous dynasties, taking the strengths of each family and synthesizing them. In terms of pharmacology, "Physics Knowledge" not only discovered and corrected some errors and omissions in the herbal books of previous dynasties (including Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica").

Fang Yizhi accepted Western scientific and technological knowledge, not blindly, but through his own serious thinking and digestion. For example, he first examined the observational evidence on which the theory of the circle of the earth was based before accepting it. He refuted the missionaries' false claims. For example, the missionary once said that the radius of the sun is more than 160 times the radius of the earth, and the sun is only about 16 million miles from the earth, Fang Yizhi pointed out that this is wrong, and personally estimated the circumference of the earth to be about 90,000 li, which is more accurate than in the West.

What Zhu Jun admires most is not what he invented, but the old guy's involvement in modern astronomy, geography, chemistry, biology, medicine, agriculture, crafts, philosophy, art, etc., is enough for Zhu Jun to arouse interest.

"The emperor has summoned him, although the ministers are in their last years, the ministers dare not serve their deaths?" Fang Yizhi is definitely not an ambiguous person, in order to resist the Qing Dynasty, he jumped up and down, and even ran to the mountains to inspire bandits to come out to resist the Qing Dynasty, even if he was framed and left the imperial court, he was still contacting the anti-Qing forces everywhere and speaking out.

Zhu Jun said with a smile: "I plan to personally formulate an official name for you, well, it is called the Academy of Sciences Festival Bar, and from now on, the six departments and nine Qings will be changed to six departments and ten secretaries, and they will be the second grade, how about it?" ”

"Academy of Sciences?" Fang Yizhi said: "Your Majesty, dare to ask what the Academy of Sciences is acting for?" ”

Zhu Jun said: "Astronomy, geography, physics, technology, agriculture are all-encompassing, as long as there are good at professional scholars, they can enter the academy for research, the treasury provides funds on time every year, the Academy of Sciences can also set up awards, but all outstanding achievements or research out of the real scholars, can be awarded medals, give rewards, I have ordered the construction of the Academy of Sciences in Nanjing Xindu, its scale is equal to the Hanlin Academy, I do not read the article, do not ask the eight shares, only to see whether there is unique knowledge and skills, professional skills, special talents. The Academy of Sciences consists of 10 divisions, one is the Department of Astronomy, the second is the Department of Geography, the third is the Department of Physics, the fourth is the Department of Chemistry, the fifth is the Department of Biology, the sixth is the Department of Medicine, the seventh is the Department of Agronomy, the eighth is the Department of Technology, the ninth is the Department of Philosophy, and the tenth is the Department of Art. Each division has a director, from the three ranks, each department has a waiter, a waiter, and then recruit a person with strange abilities to be admitted to the hospital as a doctor, revision, editing, review and other officials. ”

Fang Yizhi sat on the top of the brocade pier, looking like a dignified monk, but his heart was beating wildly, and his eyes flashed ecstasy, he didn't care about fame and fortune, after so many years of ups and downs, from a suave and merry boy to an old man who was about to enter the wood, fame and fortune have long been a thing of the past, but the emperor wants to build a new Academy of Sciences has made Fang Yizhi's heart warm, he was originally a Confucian family, and later hunted Western studies, studied various academics, and now let him take over the Academy of Sciences, it is really a great relief to live his wish, the most important thing is to be, The emperor elevated the Academy of Sciences to the same status as the Hanlin Academy, which means that the way of the Ming Dynasty is probably going to change.

Fang Yizhi suddenly opened his eyes, and the folds on his face also seemed to be a lot smoother, as if he was a lot younger all of a sudden, he stood up and paused for a moment, then pulled it with his hand, took off the robe on his body, showed the underwear and breeches in the robe, and said solemnly to Zhu Jun: "Your Majesty, this monk Weichen is not doing it, and today he will withdraw from the seal and return to the world, can this Academy of Sciences sacrifice wine take office immediately?" ”

Fang Yizhi's behavior seemed a bit 'rebellious' in the eyes of the civil and military officials in the yamen, but Zhu Jun didn't care: "You go to Jiangnan and Lingnan with me first, and then go back to Haidu to choose some good talents, and then take office when the capital is moved, Fang Aiqing, I heard that you also have a son named Fang Zhongtong, right?" He also published a book "Several Degrees of Yan", he is familiar with the astronomical calendar, Fang Aiqing is old, I will summon Fang Zhongtong to go to Nanjing together in the future, and also serve in the Academy of Sciences. ”

Fang Yizhi is obviously a monk with six roots that is not very pure, when it comes to his son's face is a little ruddy, the Fang family has been passed down for six generations, it is simply the sperm of Confucianism, one is greater than the other, and there are people who have published books from generation to generation, from Confucianism, Yi Xuexue to Xinxue, Western Learning, and what you hunt and play, and you are very familiar with playing.

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It may be a little boring to introduce a character of Niu B today, but this old guy is really powerful, and the whole family is amazing, so let's introduce it more. (To be continued, if you want to know what will happen next, please log in to diancomm, more chapters, support the author, support genuine reading!) )