It turned out that Tang Bohu didn't want to let go of his 8 beautiful wives at home, and ran out to order an autumn incense with great difficulty, people can't help but ask, Tang Bohu and his 8 wives drink and gamble every day and chant poetry, is it not good?

To be honest, isn't this the lifelong pursuit of countless men?

But there is a good saying, it is called the extreme of things must be opposed.

I originally thought that the beautiful women in front of me, jealous, open and secret, were enough for me to drink a pot, but now watching them quarrel unrelentingly, I feel that my head is about to explode.

"Lin Kun, Lin Kun, what kind of fool are you doing." I laughed at myself.

So, I went back to the living room alone and let them continue to argue endlessly.

It's hard for you to imagine that a beautiful woman with a dignified and generous personality will have a spicy demeanor when she points her nose and scolds her mother.

Slowly, their quarrels became background music.

I was inadvertently attracted by a travel magazine that was rummaged through in the living room. Anyway, instead of arguing with them, it's better to read a book and pass the time.

"Hengduan Mountain ......" When I saw the huge mountains towering into the sky and the deep and distant secret places on the cover, I suddenly felt much more relaxed, and my mind was gradually attracted by the beautiful scenery, and I forgot the troubles of the world.

On the map of China, a large area bordering the three provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet has a series of mountain ranges running north-south. Compact and dense, they are part of the boundary between the first and second tiers of China's topography, and they are like water pouring out of the basin of the Tibetan Plateau, smashing fiercely into the Indochina Peninsula.

Because the average altitude is more than 4000 meters, and the mountains and valleys are arranged alternately, the terrain difference between the mountains and valleys is 1000-2000 meters on average, and there is the Lancang River in the middle of the mountainous area, and the Nujiang River and the Jinsha River drive south in parallel with the mountain range, cutting off the traffic in the east-west direction, so it is called the Hengduan Mountains.

Many people are not familiar with the Hengduan Mountains, although in geography textbooks, it is highly photographed, and many people can use the term, but this labyrinthine area is far more complex than you think.

The existence of the Hengduan Mountains is of great significance to southwest China. It is this series of mountains and rivers that has given southwest China a colorful national culture, and it is this series of mountains that has kept the economy of these regions at a standstill.

Unlike the Himalayas and Tanggula Mountains on the Tibetan Plateau, which run from east to west, the Hengduan Mountains, as the eastern part of the two ranges, do not continue to expand horizontally to the east, but turn sharply to the south at almost right angles. This is also the peculiarity of the Hengduan Mountains in the world's topography. Such a great change in mountains and rivers comes from the tremendous energy of the ancient earth.

The formation of the peculiar mountain range also gave birth to a peculiar civilization here. The direction of the earth has taken a huge turn between Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan. About 200 million years ago, the Tibetan Plateau and the continent where the Hengduan Mountains are located were still hidden by large oceans. This ocean, which engulfed the southern part of present-day Eurasia, connected with the seas of Southeast Asia, southern Europe, and northwest Africa, was called the "Ancient Mediterranean", also known as the "Tethys Sea".

Later, with the violent collision and extrusion of the plates, the waves gradually receded, and the land plates rose and exposed, forming the prototype of the plateau topography. The Hengduan Mountains are a folded mountain system formed by the collision and extrusion of the Eurasian plate and the Indian Ocean plate during this upswing.

At that time, when the Indian plate, which was isolated from the sea, rushed into the bosom of the Eurasian plate from south to north, it was blocked by the North China Massif and the Tarim Massif in the north, and began to uplift upwards to form the Himalayas. Due to the strong force of compression in the north-south direction, the plate material is extruded in the east-west direction.

The outflow from the east was resisted by the Yangtze massif, and could only advance to the south, where there was a gap. The east-west compression caused the earth's crust to contract, forming a fold-like deformation, and the precipitous and compact Hengduan Mountains were born.

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How many mountains there are in the Hengduan Mountains, there is no consensus among various families. Broadly speaking, it is believed that the Hengduan Mountains can be counted as the Hengduan Mountains from the west of Minshan to the Boshula Mountains-Gaoligong Mountains in the east, the line between Qamdo and Ganzi and Malkang in the north, and the mountainous areas on the border between China and Myanmar in the south, with a total area of 364,000 square kilometers.

While the Hengduan Mountains turn from east to west to north-south, the space between the mountains is sharply compressed by the east-west pressure. With a width of less than 60 kilometers in the mountainous area, it accommodates the Jinsha River, the Lancang River and the Nu River, three rivers that are almost parallel to the north and south without confluence, forming the famous wonder of three rivers flowing in parallel.

What many people don't know is that in fact, to the west of the Nu River, the Lancang River, and the Jinsha River, there is also a Dulong River that flows to Myanmar, and some people call it "four rivers flowing in parallel"

Due to this unique geographical environment and the direction of the mountain range, the eastern and western parts of the Hengduan Mountains are affected by the monsoon from the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, respectively.

Under the influence of the southwest monsoon in the west, there is a lot of terrain rain on the west side of the mountain range, while the leeward slope on the east side is relatively dry, and the humidity decreases from west to east.

Next to the Indian Ocean-Bay of Bengal, the source of the storm, there will be no shortage of rain. At the same time, the north-south trending valley allows the southwest monsoon to use this as a passage to the north, so that the surface vegetation from south to north presents a distinct and complex ecological pattern of tropical monsoon forest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, temperate coniferous and broad-leaved forest, temperate alpine forest and alpine forest meadow, according to the climate and topography, nourishing countless organisms.

Under the dual influence of climate and topographical environment, the northern part of the Hengduan Mountains has a relatively harsh climate, mostly vast grasslands, which are suitable for nomadic life. The extremely limited resources led to the continuous conquest between various ethnic groups and tribes in history, and the defeated had to abandon the resources on the steppe and take refuge in the south. The rugged and complex terrain of the southern mountains sheltered a large number of defeated ethnic groups, and gradually formed independent ethnic groups among the mountain ranges.

As a result, in ancient times, the southwestern frontier region was home to small states and tribes, engaged in closed farming and grazing activities. With insurmountable communication barriers and limited resources between tribes in every country, it is rare for one ethnic group to unify the forces of others.

Although there were many so-called "ancient kingdoms" in Yungui BC, their scale and organizational ability can be imagined, and the Hengduan area, which is completely mountainous, can only rely on your imagination.

On the one hand, this closed environment, steep mountains, and inconvenient transportation directly hinder the merger and integration of ethnic groups, so that the customs and languages of each tribe develop independently and do not communicate with each other. Even different villages, which originally belonged to the same ancestor, will gradually diverge into different ethnic groups over time after a long period of lack of contact due to geographical disconnect.

On the other hand, due to the diverse natural and ecological conditions created by the living space in the form of narrow and longitudinal mountain valleys, the inhabitants of different geographical units are engaged in economic production activities such as farming, grazing, fishing, hunting and gathering. Different lifestyles further affect the differences in living habits and customs.

Two major influencing factors due to geographical isolation directly lead to ethnic barriers in the Hengduan Mountains. Yunnan Province alone is inhabited by 23 ethnic groups, making it the province with the largest number of ethnic groups in China. In the long-term evolution process of various ethnic groups, the historical and traditional cultures such as clothing, language, and habits have also been passed down more completely.

For the Central Plains Dynasty, the expedition to the southwest to rejuvenate the army and mobilize the people was half the effort. Rather than educating them personally, it was better to appease trade and set up counties to manage them.

According to the "Historical Records", during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to open up the trade routes from Bashu to India (today's so-called "Southern Silk Road") and Bashu to Vietnam through Yelang (west of Guizhou and northeast of Yunnan), he sent troops to appease nearby tribal states and set up counties. It was only later during the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty that Yelang State coerced the surrounding 22 yi to rebel against the Han Dynasty before it was exterminated.

Although the Han Empire had many counties in the southwest, it relied on local "agents" and had weak control, and under the technical conditions of the time, it had more access to India and Vietnam

What really matters is the gateway to Lingnan.

During the Tang and Song dynasties, although this region was briefly unified by the Nanzhao and Dali Kingdoms, the minority regimes still maintained a relatively friendly and obedient attitude towards the powerful Central Plains Dynasty.

By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Yi and Naxi forces living in the southwest were still subject to the Central Plains Dynasty. However, due to the high autonomy of the political system, all parts of the southwest still retain their own political systems and customs and culture.

Although the central dynasty at that time had more and more strict management of Yunnan, it is still difficult to say whether a northerner who traveled to Yunnan at that time would be captured by the local Tusi.

The rugged and precipitous geographical environment maintained peace and stability on one side during wartime, but in peacetime, it caused considerable obstacles to the flow of people and materials and economic development. For quite some time, ziplining was the main way for local residents to cross the river.

"If you want to get rich, you must first build roads." This sentence is especially important in the Hengduan Mountains region today. Adjacent to the Indian Ocean and influenced by the aura of the ancient Southern Silk Road, Yunnan is the most suitable place to get rich through border trade with ASEAN countries and access to the Indian Ocean through Myanmar.

At the back of the magazine article, the author also left a forum URL, and I logged in to this forum out of appreciation for the author's article.

After entering the post, I found that the building was already in full swing. Many people appreciate the author's travelogue.

One of the posts touched on something that stood out to me. Of the many neighboring countries bordering Yunnan, only Vietnam has a railway, and the Hengduan Mountains would have to be crossed for the plan to lead to the Indian Ocean through Myanmar.

However, the obstruction of the Hengduan Mountains made it inconvenient to travel by land from east to west, and goods and personnel from the east could not quickly enter Yunnan. The steep terrain of the mountains also makes the rivers in the Hengduan Mountains extremely fast, making them unsuitable for inland navigation. This significantly restricts the choice of strategic mobility and the development potential of mountainous areas with access to the sea.

Therefore, in the construction of today's national railway network, the railway traffic problem in the Hengduan Mountains needs to be overcome no matter what. The Yunnan-Tibet Railway, one of the five railways into Tibet, is known as the "Heavenly Road" and passes diagonally through the Hengduan Mountains from southeast to northwest according to the plan.

However, even with the successful construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Heavenly Road, we encountered difficult bones in the Hengduan Mountains.

As part of the reconstruction of the Southern Silk Road, the Dali Railway from Dali to Ruili in the Hengduan Mountains is also an important part of the western route of the Trans-Asian Railway.

Surprisingly, however, the Dazhushan Tunnel on this section of the railway line has not been completed for almost 10 years since the construction began in 2008. The long delay in construction has refreshed the history of railway construction, and it has been hailed as one of the most difficult tunnels ever excavated in China.

Faults, debris flows, high temperatures, high-pressure water sprays, gas leaks and other dangerous situations and problem research accounted for 90% of the construction time. From 2009 to 2011, a 156-metre-long swallow's nest fault was dug for 26 months. The construction of the railway, which was originally expected to open to traffic around 2014, has been dragged out to this day and is scheduled to be completed around 2021.

In fact, after the opening of the 14.5-kilometer tunnel, it will take only 7 minutes for the train to pass through Dazhu Mountain. However, behind these 7 minutes, there is a hard struggle between national strength, cutting-edge technology, and the dedication of countless front-line personnel and natural conditions.

In the end, the landlord wrote the following paragraph: With the progress of transportation technology and the gradual improvement of national strength, the Hengduan Mountains, which besieged the inhabitants for thousands of years in the agricultural era, will finally join the world's economic division of labor. The treacherous natural conditions that cut off communication between nations and states will eventually cease to be an obstacle to east-west communications.

We will witness the end of a history and culture that was closed off by geography.

And my cross-sectional journey will also start from here.

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