Jingle bell~

A bell rang, and suddenly the students of the entire Lantian College sped up their pace, it is now six fifty in the morning, and the bell just now is called the preparatory bell, which is to remind the students that there are ten more minutes before the class will start.

The students are running in a hurry, you can't be late in Lantian College, you have to play a handboard if you are late, and it is not considered corporal punishment of students here, and no student or parent will find it inappropriate.

In this era, education is expensive, they can be fortunate to be rescued by the county, study here, and contribute to their hometown and their ideals in the future, they feel very honored, so the students here are very fond of learning.

In the rushing crowd, there were two people walking in the direction of the classroom without hurrying.

These two people were tall and powerful, and at first glance they were from the army, and everyone thought that these two people were military cadres who had been promoted from the army, and they were going to come to the military academy for further study and go back to continue serving as senior cadres.

Instead, they came to the administrative classroom of the School of Administration and began to listen to Mr. Wang's theory of governing the country.

The Theory of Statecraft is not a book, but a course that Mr. Wang has summarized by combining the classics of statecraft of the past dynasties and the advanced knowledge he learned from the library of the academy, which is called the Theory of Statecraft.

"Dingguo, hurry up, class is about to start, Mr. Wang is the most annoying."

Wang Jiadong looked at Li Dingguo, who was not in a hurry, and urged, Li Dingguo was still holding the meat bun brought out of the canteen in his hand at this time, eating the meat bun and said: "Don't worry, I calculated, from the canteen to the classroom, walking, just waiting for the class bell to be late." ”

Wang Jiadong heard this and said: "Don't talk about your calculations, you made a mistake in your calculations yesterday, and as a result, the two of us stood outside the classroom and listened to half the class, and Mr. Wang's eyes didn't rub sand." ”

Li Dingguo heard this, stuffed the bun into his mouth and said: "Then let's go quickly, today's gentleman seems to be talking about "Huainanzi Commentary"

Saying that, the two ran to the classroom, as soon as they entered the classroom, it was already full of people, and the two of them squeezed in with their big shoulders and waists, and found a good position, at this time Li Dingguo took out a big meat bun wrapped in butter paper from his arms and gnawed it.

Soon, Mr. Wang came in, Mr. Wang was not very old, he looked like he was only in his early twenties, he was the first batch of students to graduate from Lantian Academy, and in the college competition, he stayed in school with the first grade in liberal arts, and Li Chaosheng also personally met with him.

Mr. Wang's wisdom is quite praised, and Mr. Wang also regarded Li Chaosheng's method of government as a classic, and said that it is necessary to strictly implement Li Chaosheng's concept of government, based on Li Chaosheng's administrative philosophy, and take the strengths of a hundred schools of thought to develop the course of governing the country.

He was elected by everyone in Lantian College and became one of the most popular teachers in politics class.

"Class."

When Mr. Wang arrived, the class representative sitting in the first row shouted loudly, followed by everyone standing up: "Morning, sir." ”

"Morning, classmates."

Mr. Wang nodded to everyone, this is the rule of Lantian class, to make everyone admire Mr., including Li Dingguo, everyone stands up, Li Dingguo also strictly abides by classroom discipline, for the knowledgeable and cultured gentleman, Li Dingguo is still very respectful.

Not only Li Dingguo, but even in the rebel army, many people are very respectful of knowledgeable scholars, this is a kind of blind worship of ordinary people in ancient times, thinking that they are naturally superior, which is why ancient scholars can be so high-minded and say: "Everything is inferior, only reading is high".

Mr. Wang nodded to everyone, and then took out chalk and wrote on the blackboard: Governing the country is constant, and benefiting the people is the foundation.

After writing these words, Mr. Wang looked at the crowd: "Who will tell me the source of this sentence?" ”

Hearing this, an activist immediately raised his hand, and the gentleman said, "Tell me." ”

Mr. This paragraph is from "Huainanzi Yan Commentary", governing the country is constant, and benefiting the people is the foundation; Politics and religion have scriptures, and orders are in behavior.

For the benefit of the people, there is no need for Fagu; You don't have to be old-fashioned. The decline of Fuxia Shang also died without changing the law. Three generations have also been kings without attacking each other. Therefore, the law of the saints changes with the times, the ritual and the secular, the clothes and instruments are used for their own convenience, and the laws and decrees are each appropriate, so it is not wrong to become ancient, and it is not enough to follow the customs. ”

The activist replied very seriously, Mr. Wang nodded and said: "That's right, this sentence means that although there are conventional methods for governing the country, everything must be based on benefiting the people, although there are fixed regulations in laws and regulations, but it is still best to conform to the times, if the change is beneficial to the people, we must change, if the law is out of date, we should change the law." ”

"So what I want to tell you this year is a change of words, old rules, detached from reality and politics, are all hooligans, let's take a look at the administrative difference between Daming and Lantian today, to judge, why Daming is declining, but Lantian is becoming more and more prosperous."

Mr. Wang spoke, and many students listened attentively.

The reason why Mr. Wang's political class is the most popular is that although he can take out a sentence from an ancient book, he does not simply translate it, but tells why it is so in combination with the facts, so that people can understand the truth through actual comparison. ”

"The difference between the Ming Dynasty and Lantian is very big, if you spread it out, today I am afraid that I can't finish it in a day, let's talk about it from the most fundamental aspect of the intuitive, let's talk about taxation first, we also talked about the previous lessons, why the Ming Dynasty declined, the fundamental reason is that the imperial court can't make ends meet, why can't make ends meet, the root cause is that the landlords and gentry annexed the land, and the land population is concealed and not reported, resulting in the Ming Dynasty's taxes, a year is not as good as a year, the big empire, there is no economic foundation, it is naturally easy to collapse, This is the content of the decline of the Ming Dynasty that we talked about in the previous lessons, who didn't remember it, go back and review it again. ”

Mr. Wang continued: "Today, let's use the tax mentioned above as an example, to tell you that the tax of the Ming Dynasty has always been taxed according to the population, so our county respected once said a very funny saying, called the poll tax, pay the tax according to the capitation, regardless of whether it is an eighty-year-old man or a newborn child, all need to be taxed. ”

The students nodded in unison, and Mr. Wang said: "Originally, when this law was formulated, it was quite reasonable, with the wrist of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the tax can still be guaranteed in quality and quantity, not a lot at all, but with the death of Emperor Hongwu, the Yongle Emperor may still be able to ensure the strict implementation of this tax law, but after Yongle, the Ming Emperor began to be gentle, and various problems began to arise in this tax law. ”

"For example, the Ming Dynasty stipulates that those who have meritorious names can be exempted from paying taxes, which leaves a gap for those with bad intentions, and many people begin to transfer the land under their names to the names of meritorious celebrities, so that this land does not have to pay taxes.

Hearing this, Li Dingguo nodded, he remembered that in these years, when he was fighting in the east and west, and in the south and the north, he found that the people who owned the most land were the masters of the people, or the talents of the show, and they owned a lot of land.

And when he was a child, he remembered that their family would plough the land for the old man's family.

Mr. Wang continued: "This is just the beginning of the problem, there is also the sublimation of the problem, these people who don't have to pay taxes are all masters, and the master of the people is first of all a scholar, if he is a scholar, then they have classmates, and many of their classmates and friends are officials, and the friendship of the Ming officialdom in the same year is still very large, so these people and local officials will collude together, what are they doing together?" ”

"Tamper with the population directory, tamper with the number of acres of land, and rewrite the originally good fertile land into wasteland with a brush, so that these landlords and gentry do not have to pay taxes, as for the poll tax, many of us or our parents have lived in the dark ages, you ask them, there must be people who know about black households, even the government does not know about your existence, and your only hope for life is to cultivate land for the landlord's family."

Hearing this, a black-skinny child raised his hand and said: "Sir, I know, I used to be a black household, my father and my mother were black households, I was born as a domestic slave of the landlord's family, and then we came to Lantian, defeated the landlord, divided the land for us, and let me study." ”

Hearing this, Mr. Wang nodded and said, "Well, this is the past of suffering, but it doesn't matter, it's all over." ”

"Let's take a look again, this is the reason why the Ming Dynasty does not know how to change the policy, the officials of the Ming Dynasty are the vested interests of the tax law, so they will desperately prevent the change of the tax law, as long as the reform is proposed, someone jumped out and said to the emperor, the law of the ancestors cannot be changed, is the law of the ancestors not changeable? No, if they change, their interests will be violated. ”

"This is a simple aspect of the Ming tax law, of course, there is also about the use of silver or grain when paying taxes, the use of big buckets or small buckets when paying taxes, the disadvantages of paying taxes, and so on, I will not talk about it here, interested students can go to the library to check the corresponding information, the information is still very detailed."

"Here I will share with you the data of a county, take our Lantian County as an example, when the county was ordered by Lantian County, ordered land reform, and re-measured the land, when the land was measured, the real arable area of our Lantian was more than the land recorded by the Ming Dynasty, which was twice as much, doubled, these lands were hidden by the landlord Haoqiang, so where did the court receive taxes?"

"The imperial court can't collect taxes, and it wants to levy Liaodong, and it wants to level up the Kou, it's all money, what if you don't have money? can only continue to levy more taxes in the people, what Liao, expropriation, training, this every time the salary is levied, it is to pull a hole in the body of the Ming people, and the tired Ming people can't even afford to eat in order to pay the silver. ”

"If a regime doesn't even let the people eat, then there is no need for it to exist, the people stand up against them and are just, if a group of people rebel, just for a bite of food, not for the cholera world, then they are just, this is what we are talking about today, governing the country is permanent, and benefiting the people, a regime can not do the benefit of the people, then this regime is rotten and needs to be broken, and why Lantian is strong, is to do the people-oriented."

"People-oriented."

Li Dingguo listened to Mr. Wang's words and muttered in his mouth, followed by raising his hand and said: "Sir, according to what you said, then they should not be rogues, they are actually just some homeless people who want to eat their stomachs, they are just seeking to have a full stomach, according to what you just said, they should also be righteous." ”

Hearing this, Mr. Wang looked at the transfer student, nodded and said, "Okay, this question is good, come, let's talk about this problem." ”

As he spoke, Mr. Wang picked up the chalk and wrote a line on the blackboard, Liukou and the Righteous Army.

"Let's talk about it, governing the country is constant, benefiting the people, a regime begins to be unfavorable to the people, and begins to exploit the people, oppress the people, and even do not give the people a way to live, at this time the people are angry and resist, and decide to overthrow the regime that oppresses and exploits them, this process can be said to be just, this is the resistance of the people, this is the people's demand for survival, anyone has the right to live, who wants to deprive it, who is unjust."

"That's no problem, the purpose of both the rogues and the rebels is the same, but why are the rogues called the rogues and the rebels called the rebels?"

Mr. Wang wrote on the blackboard: "What is the difference between the two of them? The difference is in the treatment of the people in the areas they occupy. ”

"The righteous army captured a place, opened a warehouse to release grain, appeased the people, strictly enforced military discipline, and let the people in these liberated areas live a stable life again, mingle with the people, not to mention that they have no offense against the people, at least they exploit a little lighter than the imperial court, so that the people can live a more stable life."

"This is called the Righteous Army, for example, when Zhu Yuanzhang rebelled, he treated the people like this, so their army can be called the Righteous Army, and the people welcome it everywhere, and even look forward to such an army coming to their hometown as soon as possible, liberating their hometown, and making their hometown live a good life."

"Look at the Liukou, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, the two largest Liukou in the land of the Ming Dynasty at present, the big guy looks at why they can only be called Liukou, their starting point is to find a way to live for the people who can't eat, but you look at what the situation is when they capture a place, there is no opening a warehouse to release grain, appeasing the people, no, strict military discipline is not, they capture a place, not only do not strictly enforce military discipline, but also condone the rebellious soldiers to rob the people, the landlords rob it, ordinary farmers They also robbed, robbed people's grain, They slept with other people's women, burned down other people's houses, and finally forced them to join their line-up, so that they passed from place to place, and only one land was left with desolation, like locusts crossing the border. ”

"The rebels bring a stable life, and the rogues are coming, which means that the family is ruined, the people look forward to the rebels like Ganlin, and the fear of the rebels is like a flood beast, isn't this obvious, what is the rogue, what is the rebels, do you understand? Schoolmate? ”

Mr. Wang looked at Li Dingguo.

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