In this era, the number of state-owned enterprises was very small, and more were privately operated, government-owned enterprises, and the government generally did not hold a controlling stake.

Like France's Suez Canal Company, equity is scattered among many retail investors and is only managed by the government because of its strategic position.

Not to mention Spain, there are very few companies in which the government has a stake, let alone a state-run enterprise.

So when Alfonso talked to Campos about it, he seemed surprised, in his concept, business is a personal matter, the government just needs to do the government's business, how can he end up in person?

"That's not good, that's... State-owned enterprises... Are they government employees or workers? Government employees are generally paid much higher wages than workers. Campos hesitated.

"Naturally, there are workers, and workers' wages can be driven to a level slightly below the average." Alfonso said rightly.

"This ......" Campos couldn't understand even more: "The same work for the government, the salary is so low, can they accept it?" ”

"The sense of security and stability, these can be converted into money, and the value is not low, and the workers will definitely accept it.

And since you mentioned government employees, I will say it bluntly, their salaries should also be greatly reduced, decent and high-paid, how can there be such a good thing, but for the time being, there is no rush to move them. ”

Alfonso replied confidently, it was all time-tested and guaranteed that people would rush to come.

Seeing that Campos still didn't quite understand, he continued to explain: "There are two reasons for the establishment of state-owned enterprises, the first is to make money, like coal mines, which used to be contracted to private people to dig, and the government could eat part of it, but it couldn't eat it, and the main money was earned by related households and government officials.

The second is to properly regulate and control people's livelihood enterprises, such as Spain, where the terrain is mountainous and the traffic is very inconvenient, which restricts our development.

However, because the cost is too high, the railway company feels that it is not cost-effective to build the railway, so the inland has not been able to use the train.

If the government takes matters into its own hands, we will be able to build railways where we will not make money, and although the railways will not recoup their costs in a short period of time, the government will be able to recover them from other places. ”

After Alfonso's explanation, Campos finally came to his senses, and the more he thought about it, the more he felt that this thing was necessary.

In fact, the European powers have vaguely had the initial concept of state-owned enterprises, and by the eve of World War I, about 5%~20% of the share of industrial production in major countries was created by state-owned enterprises.

State-owned enterprises are a good policy, especially when Alfonso decides to take most of the industries that are sure to make money without losing money to the government, so it is really lying down to make money.

Collect high taxes on enterprises, how can you be happy to take away all the profits.

Not only will it increase government revenues, but it will also make people poorer, reduce the number of blood-sucking capitalists, and force them to invest in industries with unknown returns.

Campos went ahead with enthusiasm, even if there was no ready-made reform plan to copy, but when it came to nationalizing the industries, Alfonso suggested that he look at the layout of the royal family.

In terms of lying down to make money, the European royal family has a wealth of experience, and now at most it is just a change of subject.

……

When Campos returned, he immediately made the matter his first priority.

He counted the money-making and purely resource-based industries in Spain, and finally chose to set up five types of wholly government-owned enterprises, and no longer issued operating licenses to private individuals, and those that have been issued must be withdrawn.

These five categories are timber, coal mines, metal mines, transportation (highways and railways), and grain and oil.

Spain has 8.8 billion tons of coal, 1.9 billion tons of iron, 500 million tons of pyrite, 4 million tons of copper, 1.9 million tons of zinc, and countless timber all over the mountains.

Grain and oil are because they are fundamentally related to the country, so they can simply be nationalized, and it is convenient to regulate and control.

As for transportation, although most of the current railways are privately built, it is the top powers such as Britain, France and Prussia, or rich countries such as the Netherlands that have this strength, and they expect the useless capitalists in Spain to repair the railways, and I don't know what era has passed.

Spain did not want foreign capital to control the railways, so it could only sweep them all out of the game, and the government would end up like Tsarist Russia.

However, after hearing Campos's report, Alfonso added the power industry to it, which is still an empty shell, but soon it will not be.

Subsequently, in ironmaking, medical, military industry, chemical industry, machinery, construction...... The industry has adopted the policy of mainly wholly government-owned enterprises, supplemented by holdings, shares, and private enterprises.

Spain will set up a large number of state-owned enterprises in these industries, but still allow a considerable number of private enterprises to compete with them, after all, these industries are technology-eating, and the state-owned enterprises will soon be scrapped if they are completely left to play on their own.

Alfonso intended to add a real estate industry to it, which was a ruthless money printing machine, but unfortunately the Spanish population was too small and immigration was easy to immigrate in this era, so he did not dare to act rashly for the time being.

The plan that Campos came up with is only a preliminary draft, and many industries do not have a single factory in the hands of the government.

It is foreseeable that this will be followed by a long negotiation with entrepreneurs, and the time for reform will be very long.

However, the Spanish government is happy to see it, they don't have much money in their hands at all, they are not in a hurry at all, and they have to eat one bite at a time.

At present, the most important thing is to manage the previously confiscated industries, most of which are large and small mines, plantations, farms, and fisheries.

It is this kind of capitalist who eats resources, policies, people, and relationships that likes to participate in political games the most, and of course they are the ones who are stabbed.

In the later generations, the shares of a state-owned enterprise are attached to multiple units, and then managed by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, but there have been too many things in Spain recently, and I don't know how long it will take to argue like this.

It was all tied to the newly created Spanish Ministry of National Assets, which instantly became one of the largest in Spain.

The establishment of such a department can be said to involve the reform of the national system, and of course it has attracted attention at home and abroad.

Spanish businessmen were upset, believing that the government was fighting them for food, but few dared to speak out.

After the previous round of punishment, the merchants realized that they were the losers, and now it was the government that controlled the army and public opinion, and carried the power of victory.

It was when the new officials took office that they were three fires, and those who dared to show their heads died.

Alfonso was most worried about free countries such as the United Kingdom, fearing that they would perceive Spain as unfree and reduce capital inflows.

But Britain, France and other countries knew about this but didn't care, and they didn't expect that Spain's political system was quietly changing.

They all waited to see the joke, and they all felt that the government would even have to take care of the business, and the Spanish economy would soon become a stagnant pool.