Chapter 17: The Outside of the Mountain
In this world, there are emperors and kings just like the ancient times in Zheng Feng's previous life. However, the names of the monarchs of this world can not be called indiscriminately, only those countries with a population of more than 100 million can be called empires, and only the monarchs of empires can be called emperors.
Countries with a population of less than 100 million and more than a million are called kingdoms and principalities. However, these kingdoms are different from principalities, only countries with independent sovereignty can be called kingdoms, and the monarch of the kingdom can be called kings. And those principalities are attached to other countries to a certain extent, so they can only be called principalities, and the monarchs of these principalities are called archdukes.
There are still some countries in the world with a population of less than a million, and these countries are no longer called states, but are called independent lords, and the monarchs of these independent lords can only be called great lords. There are twenty-five large and small empires in this world, and there are more than one hundred and fifty large and small kingdoms and principalities.
According to the rules of this world, the highest title that can be canonized in the empire is the prince, and there are also the titles of duke, marquis, earl, son, and man. The highest titles that can be canonized in kingdoms and principalities are only marquises, and independent lords can only be canonized as viscounts.
And the country where little Keith came from was a kingdom, and Keith's father was an earl. According to the news inquired by the two lobbyists, this kingdom called Andas does not have a marquis, that is to say, the father of little Keith is one of the people in this country whose status is second only to the king, and he should be regarded as a big nobleman. It's no wonder that Case's family was wiped out, and the relationship with the king was so good that it wasn't purged as a die-hard faction.
Of course, now that the Kingdom of Andaz is gone, the country has been renamed the Kingdom of Allah since the beginning of this year, and it is said that a grand ceremony was held for the founding of the country. However, there seemed to be another riot at that ceremony, but the two lobbyists did not dig deeper into any more specific information.
The lobbyists' exploration this time is mainly to have a general understanding of the world, to grasp some basic information, to know some more specific and useful information, which is generally costly, there is no benefit, why should those insiders have a big mouth.
However, for the lives of some small people, they have a more specific understanding. For example, most of the world's population is also engaged in agriculture, and half of these people are engaged in agriculture, and half of these people are engaged in basic food, and the other half are engaged in those cash crops, such as cotton.
Take an ordinary farmer who cultivates grain as an example, and the husband and wife take two children and cultivate 15 acres of land. The men work in the farm every day, and the women do housework every day, and they are busy all year round. In a normal year, about 6,000 catties of grain can be harvested.
It is impossible for these normal ordinary people to be as capable as the people who have manifested in the system, and one person can cultivate fifteen acres of land even if it is saturated, and there are no large-scale agricultural machinery in this era. And in this era, there is no chemical fertilizer, and it is good to be able to grow 400 catties of grain per mu.
One-third of this harvest is to be paid to the state for taxation, and one-sixth is to be paid to the landlord's rent. Although the remaining half is regarded as the property of the peasant households, it cannot be used indiscriminately, first of all, the family of four has to leave 1,000 catties of grain as rations for the next year.
Half of the rest was also to be given to the landlord, but not rent, but the various costs of farming. In this era, the grain for ploughing, the medicine needed to get rid of insects, the tools used to plough the fields, the oxen needed to plough the land, and so on, all of these things had to be bought or rented from the landlord.
In the end, the remaining grain of about 1,000 catties was sold for money, but it still couldn't be used indiscriminately. This family of four has to wear clothes, even if you buy a single set of clothes a year, it costs a few hundred yuan, not to mention that every few years, you have to buy cotton clothes, cotton pants and quilts, these things are average, and you have to spend 1,000 yuan a year.
Farming by yourself, you don't need to buy the firewood and rice, but the oil, salt, sauce and vinegar all cost money, and if the pots and pans are broken, they also have to be replaced. What's more, in this era, the small people live in wooden houses and brick houses, and every few years there will be a place that needs to be repaired, and these expenses are also a lot.
In this way, just for the daily necessities of life, this family has an average of more than 2,000 yuan a year. And the 1,000 catties of grain are sold, that is, 3,000 yuan, and the price of the grain collected is always lower than the price of the sale.
The remaining hundreds of dollars that can be used at your own disposal can't be used indiscriminately, because who knows when something will happen, and there are very few people who don't have anything to do all year round, and there will always be some unexpected things that need to be spent.
Therefore, these ordinary people basically have no spare money to squander, if they want to buy some non-necessities, then they have to think of other ways, such as raising a few chickens and ducks, weaving a straw hat or something, and taking these things to the market to sell to buy some things they want. However, it is easier said than done, because the daily work of the ancient farmers was not easy, and the extra work would be more and more tiring.
In fact, half of the grain grown by those peasant households will actually fall into the hands of the landlords. And these landlords will generally keep a small half of it and store it, and then sell it in the disaster year, and more than half will be sold directly to those grain merchants.
It's not that these landlords don't want to stay more, so that they can earn more when the price is high, but storage is also a problem in this era. If the grain is stored for a long time, it will become old grain, and the price will depreciate, if it has been a good year, the landlords store too much grain, there is also a great risk, and if it is not good, it will lose money, so most of the landlords will not leave too much grain.
Next, the grain merchants collected the grain in the villages, and then transferred most of it to other areas to sell, and a small part was sold to the nearby towns, large and small. Basically, the grain that is transferred to other places is sold to farmers who grow non-food cash crops, and some of it is turned into raw materials for making feed and sake brewing.
As for the grain that falls into the hands of the state, it must first be used to pay for the salaries of the public officials and the military rations of the standing army, which is the consumption of those who 'eat the emperor's grain'. However, these consumption is a small expenditure compared to the grain collected by the state, and most of the rest has to be used for reserves.
Once there is a famine in this era, there will be a large number of refugees, and if the country does not have enough food to provide relief, it is easy to have riots, which directly affects the rule of the king.
Another role of grain reserves is war, the ancient war is about 'the army has not moved, the grain and grass first' there is not enough food, not to mention starting a war to fight others, their own army may mutiny at any time, do not need others to fight, their own chaos.
However, these countries also have the problem of storing grain reserves, and they also have to dispose of some old grain on a regular basis, and most of these old grains will become raw materials for feed, as well as relief food for those small people with relatively low living standards. Therefore, the general state should have grain in the treasury and in the landlord's house, and if there is an opportunity in the future, it can be paid attention to.
In addition to the direction of these grains and the living standards of the small people, of course, there are other things that I have heard more or less, and one of them is related to resources, which is still worth noting. That is, the value of rare minerals on the outside is much higher than the value assessment inside the system.
Rare minerals such as Adamantite Mithril are about the same as the system's price, which is also one gram of Adamantite for one hundred grams of gold, and one gram of Mithril for one kilogram of silver. The value comparison of other grains and common metals is also similar to that in the system.
Only those rare minerals that are not common are worth far more than the system's pricing. For example, those substances with more than 100 protons, as well as special crystals that can store and generate energy, the value of these things to gold is almost more than ten times more expensive than that in the system.
In fact, this situation can be taken for granted, and the difficulty of refining substances with high proton numbers is not ordinary. Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize twice for discovering and refining radium. It is obviously impossible to obtain this type of radioactive element through physics and chemistry in this world. Although Zheng Feng still doesn't know how the alchemy of this world refines these things, it is certain that it will not be easy.
And those special crystals that can generate and store energy are also a difficult substance to obtain. These special crystals are not the same thing as ordinary magic crystals at all, they are very unstable, and the slightest change and influence may make these special crystals become something else. Therefore, it is estimated that it is not easier for those alchemists to refine these special crystals than those substances with high proton numbers.
In addition, in addition to the difficulty of refining, the number and level of alchemists are also important factors that limit the production of these rare minerals, these special substances are not something that ordinary people in this world can refine.
Knowing the value of these things outside, Zheng Feng once again realized the power of the plug-in of the system's collection and transformation of resources. The transformation ability of the system can be no matter how difficult it is to refine, as long as there are these things in the ore and put them in the warehouse, they can be transformed.