After Huang Shunfu was transferred to the General Military Office, the new Luling magistrate was called Li Ke.

This person is not highly educated, but is only born as a child.

But he followed Zhao Han very early and was a yeoman farmer in Li Jiagui. In the early days, he assisted in the division of fields, then joined the missionary group, and then became the mayor of the town, and then transferred to the county government, and it was only natural that he would succeed him as the county governor.

"Meet the Town!" Li Ke arched his hand.

Zhao Han smiled and said, "Please be seated." ”

"Mr. Xie." Li Ke straightened his back and sat down.

"I've read the booklet you handed over," Zhao Han asked, "How was the peasant marriage solved before?" ”

The three counties divided the fields, and there were big mistakes.

As long as they are twelve years old, both men and women have a share of the land. But what happens when a woman gets married? Should the land in her name be owned by her mother's family or her husband's family?

According to the equality of men and women, it naturally belongs to the woman herself, and she can take it wherever she marries.

But how could the woman's family agree!

Li Ke replied: "Changing fields and getting married, the people of the two families marry both daughters and daughters-in-law. ”

Zhao Han frowned and said: "There are only daughters in the family, or only sons, isn't it impossible to get married?" ”

Li Ke said: "It's hard. ”

Zhao Han immediately called Chen Maosheng over, and after explaining the situation, he asked, "Tian Zheng has made such a big mistake, why don't you tell me?" ”

Chen Maosheng was also surprised, explaining: "At the beginning of the division of the field, everyone was very happy, and it was not said that it was not conducive to marriage. After that, I was transferred to the General Military Office, and I didn't know much about what was going on, and no one reported the situation. ”

Zhao Han didn't have a countermeasure for a while, and ordered: "Immediately tell the mission group and the peasant association, and let them collect more opinions from the peasants to see how to solve this problem." ”

This is a big loophole, and the family who raises the daughter will suffer, which may lead to the reluctance of the daughter to marry, because the daughter will take the land away.

In the new China, the land administration was divided equally among the villagers by taking the village group as the unit. The deceased reclaimed the land, and the newborn immediately divided the land.

But Zhao Han couldn't do that!

The Sui and Tang dynasties' equalization system has left a lesson from the past, and with the control of the grassroots in ancient times, it is impossible to recover the land of the deceased, which is almost equivalent to redividing the land every year. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the public land was also redistributed to the peasants every year, and the grassroots officials simply kept it as it was every year in order to save trouble. As a result, the deceased's field could not be recovered, and the newly adult Ding Tian could not be divided, and finally the Tang Dynasty's finances collapsed.

The peasant associations were only a transitional product, and they did not have any official positions to speak of. Once the official position is inevitably corrupted, and it overlaps with the efficiency of village and town institutions, the government will not be able to make so much money. However, if they were not given official positions, the enthusiasm of the peasant union cadres would have faded over time.

Therefore, sooner or later, the peasant associations will be abolished, or they will die out naturally, and all the affairs of the village will eventually belong to the village chief.

At that time, Zhao Han considered that instead of dividing the fields in the future, there would be many corruptions, and it would be better to take advantage of the current control and directly distribute the fields to the peasants for private property.

In this way, it is guaranteed that each farmer has a few acres of land, and even if he gives birth to a few more children, he can live a good life. After the territory is expanded, the surplus population will be migrated to the war-torn places in the north.

In this way, we can achieve decades of rural stability, and when the time comes, we can gradually transfer the land contradictions overseas.

Really, if a field administration can be carried out smoothly and ensure the stability of the rural areas for decades, it is already a very powerful policy.

From ancient times to the present, there has never been a government that has been able to maintain its agricultural administration purely by agriculture.

In the 21st century, New China also used industry to eliminate land contradictions. Due to the increasing population, many newborns in rural areas are no longer able to divide their land.

The early industrial revolution not only could not alleviate the land contradiction, but also accelerated the land annexation!

After the rise of the Industrial Revolution, a large number of farmers had no land to cultivate because capital acquired land too quickly. The only way to divert the conflict was by constantly expanding and seizing the territory of the Indians.

The same was true in England, where before the Glorious Revolution the king was opposed to the enclosure movement because it was not conducive to the king's collection of agricultural taxes.

It was the great industrial development of Britain that led the capitalists to frantically annex land, and the king overthrew the king in his way, so the enclosure movement intensified - if this had been done in China, the peasants would have rebelled long ago. The English peasants, of course, also rebelled, but the population was too small and easily suppressed by the aristocracy.

The land enclosure movement caused a large number of landless peasants to flock to the cities to work and earn a living. Britain couldn't afford the scale of industry, so they had to enact strict laws, and stealing a piece of bread could lead to exile in Australia. In this way, the surplus urban population will be thrown overseas to fend for itself, which can not only reduce the pressure on local security, but also increase the population of overseas colonies.

As for the number of innocent civilians killed by the enclosure movement and the exile policy, that is not a question that the capitalists need to consider.

It can only be said that it is a history of blood and tears.

Zhao Han also wants to develop industry, and he can imagine that after making money, the capitalists will definitely take out a large amount of silver to buy land. Therefore, he had to divide the land in advance, and forbade the sale and purchase of land, even if the land rewarded for merit, there must be an upper limit, and the private land that exceeds the upper limit is invalid.

Forcing capitalists to open up overseas!

But the problem encountered now is simply ridiculous, it is actually a woman who marries, resulting in a dispute over the ownership of land.

Zhao Han used all his strength to collect various opinions and discover this problem...... No solution.

It can only be a land-changing marriage, and if there is no daughter in any family, it is difficult for the son to get a wife. If you want to ask for a wife, you can promise not to have your wife's land, otherwise the woman's family will never allow her daughter to marry in order to protect the land.

Zhao Han held several meetings, and finally decided to make a ridiculous decision: not to intervene in any way.

If you don't have a daughter at home, and you want to marry a daughter-in-law for your son, you have to agree to the woman's property and stay in your mother's house and not bring it over.

No policy is perfect, as long as there are no major problems, then make do with it.

……

Egret Chau Academy.

More than 400 officials, officials, and scholars crowded together to listen to Zhao Han's lectures, and each of them had a pamphlet written by Zhao Han in front of them.

"The Theory of the Family and the Country"!

Zhao Han stood on the podium, afraid that the students in the back row would not be able to hear clearly, so he simply held a paper loudspeaker to give a lecture.

"In the pre-Qin period, the land ruled by Zhou Tianzi was the world. The land that is given to the princes is the kingdom. The land that is assigned to the doctor is home. ”

"In this world, the land passed down by our ancestors is the world, and the land we have laid is also the world. What is a country? The land ruled by the emperor is the country, such as my Ming Kingdom! As for home, yours, mine, countless homes, big and small! ”

Although Emperor Daming still has the title of the Son of Heaven, the official has long used the term "Daming Kingdom".

These concepts are easy to accept.

"The surname of Yi was changed, and it was called the death of the country. Benevolence and righteousness are full, and as for leading beasts to eat people, people will eat each other, which is called the death of the world. The death of the country is not terrible, if the Ming Dynasty falls, it is called the death of the country, and you and I will create another country. It's terrible to die in the world, no matter whether it's the small people or the gentry, no one can escape! ”

"The country of the Ming Dynasty is composed of thousands of families."

"Thousands of families, paying taxes for the imperial court and maintaining the survival of this country."

"As a country, as a court, what should the Ming do? The taxes paid by the small people should be used to support the civil and military teams. ”

"Ministers and officials, keep the country running. Spread education, persuade farmers to persuade mulberry, build water conservancy, build bridges and pave roads, and eliminate violence and peace. military attachés and soldiers, maintaining the stability of the country. Internally, we must purge bandits, and externally, we must defend against foreign races. ”

"What's going on now?"

"Most of the civil servants and officials are corrupt officials. The water conservancy was no longer repaired, and the people were not given relief in the year of the disaster. Instead of eliminating violence and peace, they wantonly exploited the people. ”

"Military attachés and soldiers will have no courage and no fighting spirit. Internally, the thieves could not be eliminated, and externally, they were even more defeated, resulting in the misery of the world. ”

"The reason why I rebelled is that this Ming country no longer has what a national court should be."

“……”

Pang Chunlai, Li Banghua, Song Yingxing, Tian Younian, Wang Tiaoding and others were suddenly enlightened, especially the death of the country and the world.

"The surname of Yi was changed, and it was called the death of the country. Benevolence and righteousness are full, and as for leading beasts to eat people, people will eat each other, which is called the death of the world. This sentence came from Gu Yanwu, and it has not yet come out, which is enough for readers to understand the truth.

It can also provide a very powerful theoretical basis for Zhao Han's rebellion.

Zhao Han continued:

"The Ming Dynasty, why did it come to this point?"

"Governance, indoctrination, morality, these are not the key. At the time of Taizu, the rule of officials was also corrupt, because it originated from the officials of Mengyuan. But why did it flourish at that time? All because of the imperial court's financial moderation. ”

"There are two kinds of taxes in a country, direct taxes and indirect taxes."

"Direct taxation is a tax paid per capita or land. Indirect taxes, such as door-to-door taxes, banknote tariffs, etc., are heavy, and the goods are expensive, and the merchants do not lose money anyway, and they can be passed on to the people. ”

"If a country wants to have a fiscal degree, direct tax payment must be stable."

"In today's world, direct taxation has been destroyed. The first is the land, a small group of people, who occupy the vast majority of the land. They can avoid taxes, they can evade taxes, and even if they can't, they can pass them on to tenants, turning direct taxes into indirect taxes. ”

"Then there is the poll tax, which has been collected completely indiscriminately since the whipping law was corrupted. A large number of people, sheltered by the gentry, hid the population and escaped the poll tax. As a result, a small number of people bear the poll tax of the whole country! ”

"The finances of the imperial court are unstable, the people are miserable, and the goods are all taken by those big clans."

"If the imperial court doesn't have enough taxes, then there is no way to raise soldiers, and if the soldiers can't eat enough, how can they fight the Tartars? The more they can't defeat the Tartars, the more they have to levy and extort to raise troops. ”

"The court is tyrannical, and the people can't survive, so they will rise up and rebel. The first rebels in the northwest were forced to rise up. As a result, the imperial court also had to suppress the rebellion with troops, and the more troops were used, the more the finances were depleted, and the more unlimited expropriation and extortion became, which provoked more people to rebel. ”

"Drink to quench your thirst!"

"So, we got to where we are now."

"Those who disturb the country are not only emperors, not only clans, not only corrupt officials. The gentry and families in the world are all to blame! ”

"Why did I divide the field? Because if you don't divide the land, you will not only lose the country, but also the world, and thousands of families! You see, in the place where the Northwest Liukou passed, which big family could save his life? It is Yichun and Yongxin counties, which are also killing landlords and rebelling, and those who don't believe it will go to Yongxin County to have a look! ”

"Gentlemen present, you are willing for me to divide the land. Or may the world turn against you and take away all your net worth and lives? ”

"The family and the country are really one. If everyone only cares about the door and only cares about their own family, the country will perish and the world will perish. If the world dies, the small family furniture will be destroyed, and the portal will not exist! ”

“……”

Pang Chunlai, Li Banghua, and Song Yingxing thought that they had a thorough view of the situation in the Ming Dynasty.

However, Zhao Han's views on direct taxation and indirect taxation have been refreshing to them, and the previously vague views have been summarized theoretically.

Li Banghua sighed: "The family and the country are all over the world, and you can still say this, which is really enlightening!" ”

Pang Chunlai turned his head and said to Wang Tiaoding: "Bohe has outstanding literary talents, you can polish this article and take it to Jiujiang and Nanchang Zhucheng to disseminate." ”