Ganzhou.

Chen Maosheng first went to see Fei Ruhe, then to the prefect Liu Anfeng, and finally summoned the missionary and the backbone of the peasant association.

The news I got was a headache, Hakka is not so easy to learn!

Hakka dialects in the Southern Jiangxi region alone can be roughly divided into three types, although they can communicate with each other, but they are very unfriendly to outsiders who have just started to learn.

"Zhangxuan Rongyu," said Li Xiaoyi, who is in charge of Ganzhou's missionary work, "We should learn Hakka, but we should also recruit local Hakka people." Within a year or two, the missionary and field division of Southern Jiangxi still had to rely on the Hakka people to advance. Some of these Hakka people already speak Jiangxi dialect, and they can also read and break words. ”

Chen Maosheng asked: "In addition to the wealthy tenants and low-level tenants, are there still Hakka small landlords and yeoman farmers in Southern Jiangxi?" ”

"Yes, and there are quite a few of them," Li Xiaoyi said, "I suggest that some small Hakka landlords should not divide their fields for the time being, even if they exceed 100 acres." ”

"Why?" Chen Maosheng frowned.

Li Xiaoyi said: "By visiting the countryside, I found a very unexpected phenomenon. Many villages, the whole village are full of Hakka people. Especially those remote villages, who have moved from Fujian and Guangdong for decades, have completely relied on clearing the land to earn their family property. These lands were relatively barren, and they were all barren mountains and mountains in the past, and they opened them up with a sickle and a hoe, and they did not exploit the tenants. ”

Well, this is different from what Wei Jiaju said, it seems that the situation in Nangan is more complicated than imagined.

"Are there big landlords in these remote villages?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Li Xiaoyi shook his head and said: "There are no big landlords, they moved from Fujian and Guangdong, the roads are blue, the mountains are poor, and the wasteland has only been opened for a hundred years. Where can there be any big landlords? Most of the remote villages in the mountains are homesteaders and small landlords, so there is no need to divide the land at all. Moreover, there are very few landlords who occupy an area of more than a hundred acres, which is almost negligible. ”

Chen Maosheng said: "I have to send someone to ask the head town. ”

After chatting with the missionary, Chen Maosheng went to see Zou Weilian and Liu Huan again.

In the original time and space, Zou Weilian should have died of illness last year. He made great contributions to the establishment of Fu, but was framed by Wen Tiren to the dismissal, and after the fall of Wen Tiren, Emperor Chongzhen remembered him, and inquired and found that Wen Tiren had died.

Many ministers are like this, they live well without dismissal, and they die of illness after returning to their hometowns within a year or two.

Including Wen Tiren, who was alive and kicking in the court, and died of illness in the second year after losing his official position.

At least for now, it seems that Zou Weilian is disease-free and painless, and can live for at least ten or eight years.

Zou Liangyi said: "Father, this is Mr. Chen Zhenmaosheng of the Department of Missions. ”

"Mr. Zou, it's a good luck!" Chen Maosheng arched his hand.

Zou Weilian raised his hand to return the salute, his movements were a little reluctant, and his smile was a little reluctant.

Chen Maosheng arched his hand again: "I've seen Mr. Liu." ”

"Fortunately." Liu Huan is very natural, and his attitude is ambiguous, and he has never said whether he is willing to take refuge or not.

Liu Huan, the prefect of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, the only trace left in the historical materials is the inscription on the plaque of the Kongtong Temple in Ganzhou.

While drinking tea and chatting, Zou Weilian was always not in high spirits.

Finally, Chen Maosheng asked: "Ask the two gentlemen, what is the situation of the Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi?" ”

Zou Weilian pointed at Liu Huan: "You should ask him about this." ”

Liu Huan said with a smile: "I am not talented, originally from Guangdong, and it is the Hakka people. ”

Chen Maosheng hurriedly said: "Please Mr. Liu do not hesitate to give advice." ”

Liu Huan recounted: "The Hakka people moved south from the Jin Dynasty. And many of the Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi migrated from Fujian and Guangdong at the end of the Song Dynasty. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi moved back to Fujian and Guangdong in large numbers. ”

"Why did they move back in the last hundred years?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Liu Huan explained: "During the Jiajing period, the Japanese invaded and harassed, and a large number of coastal people moved inland, resulting in more people in eastern Guangdong and less land in western Fujian. It just so happened that due to the war, the population of Southern Jiangxi was largely dispersed. The Hakka people in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian moved to southern Jiangxi in groups. ”

That Wei Jiaju, there is another situation that has not been explained.

After Wang Yangming and other ministers suppressed bandits, especially the guest soldiers from other provinces, many villages in southern Jiangxi were empty, and the landlords fled to settle in the county seat one after another.

The Hakka people moved the whole village and the whole village, and some of them became tenants to get rich, and they were mainly anti-customers, forming today's luxury tenants. After hundreds of years of development, many wealthy tenants have been transformed into big landlords, so there are also conflicts between landlords and tenants among the Hakka people.

Some of the Hakka people who moved in the middle and late Jiajing became tenants, and more went to open up wasteland and farm, becoming small landlords and yeoman farmers.

At this time, the contradiction between the Turks and the Hakka was actually not particularly intense, because until the Qianlong period, the Hakka people in Fujian and Guangdong had been moving back to Southern Jiangxi.

As for the early Qing Dynasty, why a large number of Hakka people moved to Jiangxi was, of course, caused by war.

The natives and Hakka people of Southern Jiangxi, landlords and tenants, put aside their contradictions and unanimously resisted the Qing Dynasty. Take Shangyou County as an example, the anti-Qing movement lasted until the Kangxi period, and the people here were almost wiped out!

According to the "Shangyou County Chronicle": "Since the thirteenth year of Kangxi (Qianlong), people have been cut off, the four walls are empty, and the lonely city is a barren mountain. ”

Therefore, after the middle and late Qing Dynasty, more and more Hakka people moved in, and it was only then that the peak of the Turk-Hakka conflict was reached.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, many of the Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi were still working hard to get rich, and they were reclaiming wasteland deeper into the mountains.

And it has caused a series of environmental problems, such as cutting down mountains and forests, digging rocks and mining, and causing serious soil erosion.

Liu Huan reminded: "There are many mountains in southern Gan and little land, and if you blindly reclaim the mountains, you can't grow much grain, but landslides are often after the rain. When you and other people govern southern Jiangxi, they should order the mountain people to plant more tobacco, camellia, tung oil, lacquer and other crops. ”

"Taught." Chen Maosheng arched his hand and said.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Hakka people developed savagely, and they cultivated grain everywhere, which made the government a headache.

But the ban of the government, the Hakka people did not abide by it at all. It was not until later that disasters occurred frequently, and they paid attention to it themselves, thus forming an economic zone of camellia, tung oil and tobacco in southern Jiangxi, and using artificial forests to act as an agent for natural mountain forests.

Zou Weilian was reluctant to work for Zhao Han, but he couldn't be an official in Daming, so he simply went to Ji'an Mansion to teach.

However, Liu Huan, the prefect of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, changed his name to Liu Yu and was specially hired by Chen Maosheng as a staff member.

As a Ming official, Liu Huan couldn't do anything, and he couldn't implement policies, so he could only recite scriptures and study Buddhism all day long.

After being hired by Chen Maosheng, he was simply rejuvenated in the second spring, and he offered more than ten suggestions that month.

This gentleman can also speak Hakka and has become Chen Maosheng's personal translator.

Zhao Han also replied that if the Hakka people in remote villages really rely on hard work to get rich, each person can keep 100 acres of land. However, it must not exceed the upper limit of 100 acres, and families of more than 10 people must divide their families and property!

Because of Liu Huan's help, Chen Maosheng recruited many local poor people into the missionary group, and the work of dividing the fields around Ganzhou City was very smooth.

After entering the mountainous area, you will encounter many difficulties in an instant.

Those Hakka people did not want to settle down at all, they have always belonged to the state of exile, and they have resisted the collection of taxes by the imperial court.

For them, the Ming Dynasty is the imperial court, and Zhao Han is also the imperial court.

The work of the peasant associations could not be carried out, because they had their own land, and they had obtained it from their own land, so they did not need Zhao Han's favor at all.

What to do?

To be brutal, it is to directly kill people and establish authority, and forcibly establish a household register by force, but this seems to conflict with the Datong theory.

Chen Maosheng can only continue to ask Zhao Han, and the policy adjustment must be approved.

Zhao Han's reply was very direct, since the Hakka people in the mountains refused to settle down in the government and refused to pay taxes to the government, then they did not belong to the people under their rule.

All trade can be cut off, and anyone who buys salt must show a household register. If you catch a smuggler of salt, you will immediately cut off your head and sit down with your family! If a salt shop is found to sell salt to a person who is undocumented, a heavy fine will be imposed and the qualification to sell salt will be permanently disqualified.

Merchants are forbidden to purchase any goods in the mountains, and once found, they will be punished with heavy fines!

Yamashita Bazaar regularly sends people to patrol and randomly check household registration. Once it is found that there is no household registration, they will immediately be arrested and used as labor laborers, and let their families pay for their own ransom.

It seems to be tyranny, but compared to sending troops directly, it is already very benevolent.

Who let those mountain people refuse to even open a hukou?

I am afraid that the civil affairs work in the southern Jiangxi region will last for two or three years, and most of them will lead to riots, and troops must be stationed for a long time.

"Alas!"

Zhao Han put down the letter sent back by Chen Maosheng and felt a pain in his brain.

This is the first time that rural work has suffered setbacks since the incident. Zhao Han even agreed not to divide the fields of those mountain people, so that they could keep 100 acres of land, but the people still did not want to belong to them, and only wanted to be "wild people" in the mountains for generations.

Zhao Han tried to analyze the main contradiction, and then found it ridiculous.

The main contradiction is that those Hakka people who have gone into the mountains to reclaim the wasteland, because they have only moved to Jiangxi for a few decades, although their lives are very difficult, they are relatively stable. Moreover, it can continue to reclaim the land, and for the time being, there will be no contradictions between land and land, and there will be no class oppression. Zhao Han's rule over them is the biggest oppression and the biggest contradiction, and they are unwilling to pay taxes to Zhao Han!

However, Nanjiang is full of mountains, and there are mountain people everywhere.

Even if the missionaries learned the Hakka dialect, even if some Hakka people joined the missionary group, they could only rule effectively in the mountains near the city and in the flat areas along the river for the time being.

In the mountains, I can't take care of it for the time being.

No wonder Nan Gan gave the Ming Dynasty a headache, no wonder Nan Gan made the Qing Dynasty helpless, the situation in this place is too complicated.

We must not only rely on economic sanctions, but also induce them to take advantage and show favors, so that they can achieve results.

After thinking carefully, Zhao Han wrote a letter to Chen Maosheng again, the content of which was: select the mountain people who are willing to settle down, issue them a concession license, and allow them to buy 50 catties of salt per month and sell 200 catties of mountain goods per month.

If these people get rich, it depends on whether the other mountain people can sit still!

Blind sanctions can only make the mountain people hate the same enemy, and they must be divided internally.

Southern Jiangxi must be well governed, because Zhao Han's development route is to occupy the entire territory of Jiangxi, and then to capture Fujian and Guangdong, and Southern Jiangxi is a necessary place to connect Fujian and Guangdong.