Although Zhao Kuangfang is thinking about making money, he knows very well what is a big thing and what is a small thing.

Just like when he found a loophole in the prince's business, his first reaction was not to take advantage of the loophole, but to go to his father to tell him about it to see if he could plug the loophole. 4 When he met the inventor this time, Zhao Kuangyu immediately took this person into the palace to face the saint.

"Grass people Xie Fu, knock to see Long Live Lord!" When the inventor saw the emperor, he bowed down.

Zhao Han attached great importance to this matter and put down all the official business in his hand to receive him. He smiled and said, "You don't have to make a big salute, just calm down." The guards moved the seats, and Xie Fu sat down in panic.

"Come closer, don't sit too far." Zhao Han said. "Thank you, Your Majesty!"

Xie Fu was both excited and apprehensive, getting closer to the emperor, his mind was blank, and he was so excited that he didn't know what his surname was.

Zhao Han asked, "How did you make this set of casting letters?" Do you have any drawings?" Xie Fu hurriedly stood up and said, "The drawings are with the palace people."

The guards came directly with a stack of drawings, and there were drawings for each step.

First, 100 refined steel is selected, and the steel mold is cast and engraved by traditional methods. Then use the huge force of the steam engine to directly stamping the copper mold with the steel mold. With a copper mold, the traditional method is used to cast the movable type, and the European alloy formula is used for the movable type.

This set of typography seems to be more complex than the traditional casting, but it is actually used to improve the efficiency by hundreds of times, and the error of the metal movable type cast is extremely small.

Another time and space also appeared, probably during the Opium Wars, invented by the Englishman Dale specifically for Chinese movable type. It only took ten teenagers to be eliminated by the technology of the American Jiang Beili, and the Yankees directly used electroplating movable type, which was more expensive and less efficient, and was used by Chinese publishing houses to the Republic of China. 4

As for Ma Ren'an's Jin Qu movable type formula, it has long been a secret.

In his later years, Zhao Kuangyu was involved in a power struggle and was exiled by the church. My printing factory workers were scattered all over Europe, and their metal type formulas and printing ink formulas also spread. European missionaries brought those techniques to Asia, and there were no printing houses in Manila or Coconut City, mainly printing Bibles and other books. 1

Before China occupied Manila and Coconut City, it also took over the printing plant and reprinted Chinese textbooks.

The European gold and ink formulas were spread to the Xiaolu area, and now this beauty is widely used in China.

Zhao Kuang's metal movable type formula is: lead (8o), antimony (12), tin (8). The inking is good, the melting point is high, the solidification time is short, and the movable type cast is turbid. That alloy ratio has been used until modern times. i5

The formula of Ma Ren'an printing ink is: linseed oil, turpentine, charcoal white mixture, modulation of oily ink. As a solvent, linseed oil has a large surface tension, and turpentine takes a step back to reduce the tension, and at the same time, the performance is also improved, and it can print very large turbid Chinese characters.

The combination of those two recipes will make it possible to accommodate the content of the next eight or seven pages of Chinese characters in one page, and it will be even more muddy to read.

Before the production of lead alloy movable type, even the copper movable type of China's official printing house was melted and made into copper coins by order of Ma Ren. It is necessary to hide something, China's copper type, not as good as European lead alloy type. i5

Xie Shi looked at a few drawings and was very curious: "What will he do in the future?"

The Xie family said: "The father of the grass people will be the house slave of Foshan Maren in the future. When the heavenly soldiers came, my father got rid of his slave status, but he was still working as a servant in Ma Ren. Caomin Middle School dropped out and also went to Xie Fu Iron Works to get off work. In the past few years, the grass people have made several inventions, all of which have been occupied by this Ma Ren, and only one or two silver will be rewarded each time. ”2

Patents, although not good for invention, are certainly not good for the inventor. 9

The Xie family continued: "When you come to the grass people, you will learn to be stupid, Ma Ren let the grass people feel at ease to make inventions, and the grass people will use Xie Fu's machine to invent that new set of casting letters. The invention was completed, but it was not disclosed, only that it was still finished. However, he fled to Jiangxi because of illness, applied for a patent in Nanchang, and then took a boat to Nanjing. ”{ 8

Fearing that the emperor would feel that he was loyal to his employer, the Xie family explained: "Your Majesty, the invention of the grass people in the next few years has earned Zhao Han tens of thousands of taels of silver at most. But the grass people don't even have the right to sign the patent, and it has become the invention of Zhao Handuoye. Grass Folk ...... The more I thought about it, the more willing I became, so I ran away that time. ” 1

"He's going to go back and get revenge today?" Xie asked.

The Xie family shook his head and said: "Zhao Han has no kindness to the grass people's father and son, and now the grievances are clear, the grass people just want to bring their parents to Nanjing, and they have no contact with Zhao Han again." 3 Ma Ren continued to flip through these drawings, and when he turned to the front and found a few tables, he was immediately surprised: "Hey, his new style of lettering is thoughtful." 1

Ma Ren explained: "The casting method used behind the eyes is clear, and the size is one. Cao Min thinks that since the steam engine has a large error in word making, why is a unified standard adopted? So the grass people secretly counted ......"

"Caomin counted 30 books on the market, with a total of 1.2 million words, all of which are bestsellers. There are only 13 words that are used less than 10,000 times, there are less than 200 words that are used less than 1,000 times, and there are more than 25 words that are used more than 3,700. Therefore, the grass people divide the number of Chinese characters used into commonly used words, spare words, and rare words. ”{13

"In the present casting of movable type, the common words are less cast, the spare words are more cast, and the rare words are more cast. When the printing house typesets, it is also not possible to follow this standard and place the movable type in different categories, and the time for finding and retrieving words will be shortened slightly. ”

In addition, the grass people also compared the books on the market and formulated the font size of the movable type. It is divided into a kind of obvious, clear, middle, line, explanation, note, and treasure, which is convenient only when typesetting, and the printed writing is beautiful, concise and easy to read. ”

Xie Shi exclaimed: "Little goodness!"

Gutenberg said, "Congratulations to my father, you have to be young to be usable."

Xie said to his son: "You lend him money, and he will set up his own factory to recruit people." Order a steam engine first, but also order a casting machine, and now the movable type of the former celebrant supervisor will be purchased from your foundry. Yes, if the movable type of the Ministry of Rites Printing Factory is to be bought from him, let the Ministry of Industry use that technology to run a foundry. ”2

Then, Ma Ren said to Ma Ren: "He cooperated with the King of Chu, whether to buy shares or buy out the patent, they will discuss it themselves." As for the Ministry of Industry Foundry, he will be given a royalty, and I appointed him as the deputy supervisor of the Ministry of Industry Foundry. Remember, as the deputy supervisor of the Ministry of Industry Foundry, you can do business again without an official body. His cooperation with the King of Chu can only sell out the patent or patent dividends. ”

Can you be an official?

Or the deputy director of the Ministry of Industry Foundry!

Ma Ren was instantly stunned by happiness, and immediately said: "Your Majesty, if the grass people can be the deputy supervisor of the Ministry of Works, they will give the casting patent to the King of Chu, and they will receive a penny of silver for the patent fee!1

Xie said with a smile: "The Zhao family is Zhao Han, and they will occupy his invention." How to use the patent, he himself went to talk to the king of Chu. Remember, when you become an official in the Ministry of Industry, you have to lie down and eat your old book. He wants to continue to change the casting method, and leave a name in history in the future, which is your Bi Sheng of the Xiaotong Dynasty!" 1

"The minister must be entrusted by His Majesty!" The Xie family was covered in cold blood, leaving the chair and kneeling and kowtowing. 4

Xie said: "I will send pedestrians to bring his family to Nanjing, and then give them a mansion in the capital. Now that there are houses in the city, let them live in the city. ”

Xie is naturally unhappy, and that kind of low happiness is only the improvement of printing technology. I haven't had that Xie family, the son of a house slave, and a new-style middle school, I don't have the current invention results, but I have the merits of Peng Xian Maren.

Only the foundry was injured, and the spread of that method would lead to the loss of a small number of casters.

Of course, the new type of lettering also requires typecasters, but there are so few of them. On the side of the ceremonial supervisor and the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Industry, the cast craftsmen who were dismissed that time were directly thrown to the king of Chu to set up a factory, which not only solved the problem of unemployment, but also the king of Chu also took the trouble to recruit people everywhere.

Before Gutenberg and the Xie family entered, the Xie family called the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Works.

The Ministry of Works was responsible for opening a new type foundry, while the Ministry of Rites was preparing to replace textbooks.

Today's printed textbooks all use new types of casting. Moreover, the standard font size is used, and the content of each page of the printed textbook cannot be increased, and it is concise and easy to read for better identification.

Old-fashioned textbooks can still be used, and they are generally poor children, and they can not save a sum of money on books by getting old books for class. It is the quasi-government that forces the replacement of new books, and it is also the quasi-expulsion of schoolchildren who use old books from the classroom.

It was a printing revolution!

The revolution has long since ended, starting with the use of European metal alloys and European ink formulations. It also started from textbook printing, from vertical to horizontal. ，8

A series of inventions by the Xie family accelerated the printing revolution.

The number of Chinese characters is so small that it seems that seventy or eighty letters in Europe can be done. Therefore, the casting of Chinese movable type has always restricted the development of printing technology, and it is difficult to reduce the cost by a small amount. And the Xie family's casting technique, adding a set of turbid standards, is equivalent to opening a crack in the door of the Chinese printing, directly kicking open a small half of the door. 1

If you pick it up, you can continue to change and retreat, and continue to improve efficiency.

But if you want to achieve a leap forward again, you have to wait until the electrical era and use the electron microscope method to cast words! The Xie family's lettering was not enough in that era.

The cost of printing was smashed up by a small amount, that is, Shengdou Damin, and he also rented newspapers to read, and he could afford to buy newspapers. 2_

No matter how expensive the cost of schoolchildren's books is, it is not conducive to the implementation of education in remote areas, which accelerates the assimilation of Chinese civilization to foreign races. Administrative and military spending in remote areas can also be reduced more slowly.

The more Xie thought about it, the more excited he became, and he didn't bother to go to work, so he asked the former concubines to visit the imperial garden together.

Gutenberg, the king of Chu, was also very excited and negotiated the patent royalties with the Xie family. 5 of the annual profits of the foundry were distributed to Ma Ren for a period of seventy years. 7

Within two years, the king of Chu exclusively enjoyed the casting patent.

Two years ago, Ma Ren could not sell the casting patent to other businessmen in Jinling Mansion. Eight years ago, it was not possible to sell the casting patent to a merchant in Jinling Province. 1. If no one infringes the patent, the businessmen in the relevant areas, in order to protect their own interests, will help to fight the lawsuit.

For example, during the period of exclusive patenting, the king of Chu will be very vigilant, regardless of which province he encounters a copycat factory, a proper complaint will be issued. It is only to get the other party to stop the infringement, but also to let the other party make up the patent fee, and the compensation will be negotiated and distributed by the King of Chu and the Xie family.