1061 [Western Regions Stability]
Zhang Xianzhong's official resume is very strange, from the village chief suddenly became the governor, and then changed from the governor to become the county governor.
The officials were stunned and didn't know how to record it.
In fact, it is very simple, with Zhang Xianzhong's age and experience, no matter what he does, the emperor has the final say, and there are only a few years left in his career.
Perhaps Zhao Han also felt awkward, and gave Zhang Xianzhong a baron to make up for the gap from the governor to the magistrate.
In Datong China, society is progressing, and Europe has not stopped.
In the year of France, there was the second recorded blood transfusion in humans.
The first time was two years ago, when the physiologist Lawville gave a 13-year-old child a small amount of lamb's blood.
Louis XIV's imperial physician, Denis, heard the news and learned that the child was fine, so he also began his own journey of evil. Within a year, he gave blood transfusions to seven people, all of them sheep and cows.
Of the seven victims, three survived and four died.
One of the family members of the deceased took Dennis to court. Later investigation proved that the cause of death of the deceased was arsenic poisoning, because he had also found other doctors. And that doctor prescribed him medicine with arsenic in it......
But the matter still made a big fuss, because the deceased was a nobleman, France and England successively banned blood transfusions for treatment.
China, on its part, is also conducting blood transfusion experiments.
The cause is the same as in Europe, I read the blood circulation paper of the British doctor Harvey.
A folk doctor of the Ziyang faction transfused the blood of one dog into another dog, and both dogs lived well. Then the experiment continued, ten dogs were bought, and cross-administered blood transfusions.
A month later, six of the ten unlucky dogs died one after another.
The doctor immediately wrote a paper and submitted it to the Medical Center of Qintian Hospital, which quickly caused a sensation after it was published.
A scolding!
The director of the medical museum issued an industry ban on this, and it was not allowed to use live people to conduct blood transfusion experiments. Because everyone knows that the doctors of the Ziyang faction are a group of crazy people, who dare to use dogs for experiments today, and dare to attack living people tomorrow.
The ban is used to violate, and in the future, there will definitely be doctors who will quietly transfuse blood into the living.
……
Twenty-seven years after the beginning of the Republic of China, there was no major event.
In the twenty-eighth year, the Datong army recovered the Yinli River Valley. Galdan, who had already unified the northern Xinjiang, was furious about this and took the initiative to attack Luntai City in the autumn of that year.
Luntai, that is, Urumqi, Zhao Han personally changed the name.
The main force of the Western Expedition led by Jiang Liang has been divided into five. Some were stationed in Dawan, some returned to Shaanxi and Gansu, some were stationed in Xinjiang, some returned to Qinghai, and some had just recovered Yinli. Therefore, in the face of Galdan's attack, the Datong army could only defend Luntai City alone.
Galdan could not be attacked for a long time, so he chose to go around the city, pass through the Tianshan Pass, and go to the Turpan area to plunder.
The Han immigrants had already received the news that those who could enter the city would enter the city, and those who were far away from the city would all hide in simple earthen forts.
Civilians of all ethnic groups suffered, most of them were freed serfs, and their lives finally improved a little, but they were plundered by Galdan. All the newly harvested grain was robbed, all the livestock were stolen, and even many people were taken captive.
Jiang Liang was furious with such behavior, and the people of all ethnic groups also shared the same hatred.
In the twenty-ninth year, the snow melted in spring, and Jiang Liang launched a counteroffensive.
When recruiting people's husbands, people of all ethnic groups enthusiastically signed up. The first is to be a civilian husband for the Datong Army, so that he can receive rations to tide over the food shortage crisis; The second is that they really hate Galdan and really want to fight for the Datong army.
Jiang Liang led 15,000 cavalry, 36,000 infantry, and more than 50,000 Han Chinese and people of various ethnic groups.
Galdan did not choose to flee, he felt that the number of Han troops was small, and the real number of troops was only 50,000, and the cavalry was only more than 10,000.
Of course, it was not a direct decisive battle, but a first attack on the grain route of the Datong army.
At the same time, He Yudu, who was stationed in Yinli, led 3,000 Datong cavalry, 2,000 Mongolian cavalry, and 1,500 Giligis cavalry, almost without much supplies, and went north from the Yinli River valley through the Tianshan Mountains to the old lair of Galdan. Raid the Mongol tribes along the way, get food on the spot, and take Galdan by surprise.
The two sides fought a decisive battle on the edge of the desert northwest of Berxery, and Galdan attacked as soon as he came up, but he could not rush the chariot formation of the Datong army, but was instead attacked by firearms. The charging troops were defeated, Jiang Liang immediately launched a counterattack, and thousands of Heshute cavalry turned around and rushed towards Galdan together.
Defeated by Galdan and the defeat of the entire army, he led thousands of remnants to flee west and fled to the Balkhash Lake area.
Jiang Liang asked the infantry and the people to stay, and led the Datong cavalry, the Gilligis cavalry, and the Dzungar and Heshute cavalry who had taken refuge in the army, and continued the pursuit with one man and two horses.
Galdan gathered more than 2,000 tribal cavalry in Balkhash, but in the face of Jiang Liang's pursuit, he still did not dare to resist, and finally fled to Zhongyuzi in the southwest with more than 8,000 people.
Tou Ke Khan, who has conquered most of Zhongyuzi, where can he tolerate this dragon crossing the river? He revealed the identity of Emperor Zhao's eldest brother, waved the banner of loyalty to the emperor, shouted the slogan of defending Zhongyuzi, and led 20,000 cavalry to surround and intercept Galdan.
Galdan's troops were already exhausted, their morale fell to the bottom, and they were defeated again without any suspense.
This thing can really escape, with more than a thousand remnants, he actually fled north to the territory of Tsarist Russia. He, of course, did not defect to Tsarist Russia, but conquered the natives there and took them with him to seize Cossack strongholds.
After this battle, Touke Khan's reputation became even louder, and the remaining Zhongyuz tribes took the initiative to declare their allegiance to him - there was a feud between the Dzungar tribe and the Zhongyuz, and whoever could defeat the Dzungar would be recognized by the Zhongyuz tribes.
In this way, Touke Khan unified Zhongyuz, and then negotiated the demarcation of the border with the Nanjing court.
The area to the south is naturally demarcated by mountains and rivers.
China has all the mountainous areas, and it is condescending and ready to attack Zhongyuz at any time. As for Zhong Yuzi, if he wants to invade China, he has to break through the mountain pass and fight all the way in.
As for the north, Lake Balkhash and the surrounding grasslands are all owned by Datong China.
Such a demarcation is a bit too overbearing, because the grasslands on the south and west shores of Lake Balkhash have always been the territory of Zhongyuz. Even the grasslands on the north and east banks used to be in the middle of Yuz, but they were snatched away by the Dzungar Ministry.
As compensation, the Nanjing court gave another reward.
He gave Toukhan 1,000 muskets, 5,000 sets of cotton armor, and 8,000 horses of cotton cloth, which amounted to exchanging these strategic materials for pastures on the southern and western shores of Lake Balkhash.
Tou Ke Khan obtained so many materials, and his strength skyrocketed in an instant, especially the five thousand sets of cotton armor, which could equip five thousand elite horses in an instant.
In the thirtieth year of the Republic of China, Touke Khan led his army south to attack Dayuz, which was being ravaged by the remnants of Yarkand.
Yaolevas, who was driven to Dayuzi by the Datong army, beat the scattered Dayuzi tribe together. But it was useless to hold the group, because of the different thoughts, twice organized a coalition army, and twice was defeated by the Yarkand soldiers of Yaolevas, and could only barely hold on to the city.
Touk Khan led his army south, and was immediately welcomed by the tribes of the Great Yuz.
In the first battle, both sides lost.
Before the second battle began, Yaolevas caught fire in the backyard, and the city of Dayyuz, which he conquered, rebels appeared one after another, and He Zhuo rebelled with his followers.
Yaolevas could only take the Yarkand army and drive back to the rear to quell the rebellion, and Toukehan immediately led his army in pursuit.
The two sides fought a decisive battle at Taras, and the head Khan won a great victory, Yaolevas was defeated and killed, and the remnants of Yarkand were completely destroyed.
After the war, the leaders of the various tribes of the Great Yuz Gong promoted the head Kehan as the Great Khan of Kazakhstan.
In the thirty-second year of the Republic of China, Touke Khan led the army of Zhongyuz and Dayuzi to conquer Xiaoyuz in the west. Along the way, the various divisions surrendered one after another, and almost no battles were fought, and they won the allegiance of the various divisions of Xiaoyuzi.
Zhao Han's brother-in-law of another race quickly completed the great cause of Kazakh reunification.
But he never thought about jumping back, the location was too bad. The Kazakh steppe is flat, and the Datong army can come and go whenever they want, while the Chinese border is full of mountains, and invading China is similar to clearing the game.
Even if the descendants of Touk Khan rebelled, they would at most attack the Balkhash Lake area.
In the 33rd year of the Republic of China, the Bukhara Khanate fell into civil strife.
The major separatist forces are no longer satisfied with secession, and all want to swallow up neighboring forces. Some people even contacted the Datong army, hoping that the Han people in Dawan Province would send troops to help them reunify, and give them enough rewards after the matter was completed.
The military and political officials of Dawan Mansion did not agree, and Tou Kehan did not dare to agree.
Historically, Touk Khan sent troops to support the separatist forces to unify Bukhara, and was honored as the Great Khan by the new king of Bukhara.
At this time, fearing to upset the Chinese emperor, the Touk Khan did not dare to act easily, and the Bukhara Khanate fell into continuous civil strife.
It has been in chaos for several years, and the Chinese court can't sit still, and the prefect of the Dawan Military and Civil Mansion, as well as the Dadu Protector of the Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate, jointly asked the imperial court for permission to send troops. Because of the continuous chaos of the Bukhara Khanate, which had plagued the Silk Road, trade and tax revenues were declining every year.
After the approval of the Nanjing court, the Chinese army in Dawan Province, as well as the Kazakh Touke Khan, sent troops to Bukhara at the same time to support the separatist forces to establish a puppet regime.
……
Thirty-four years after the beginning of the Republic of China.
The reason why Li Dingguo took so long to take the entire territory of the Yeniseituk Military Region of Tsarist Russia was because he had to take it step by step.
That is, to build a stronghold, it is necessary to garrison immigrants and at the same time appease the local natives. Basically, taking two Cossack strongholds every year is already the limit of Li Dingguo, otherwise it would be too difficult to transport military rations.
It was also in this year that Zhao Han received a letter from France.
Two letters, one written by Louis XIV and one written by Buniz.
Lebunitz was a letter-writer maniac who had a three-digit pen pal in his life. Kangxi, who is parallel to time and space, is also a pen pal who came to Bunnitz, and the two often discuss academic issues together. Bunitz's binary system, which was also inspired by the Chinese Tai Chi Bagua, eventually influenced the invention of the electronic computer.
He was sent by the Duke of Saxony to Paris as a diplomat.
He did not achieve much in foreign affairs, but he used his position to correspond freely with the nobles and scholars of various European countries. Through it, he began to write to Zhao Han, and sent it together with Louis XIV's letter.
Zhao Han was very surprised to receive the letter from Bunnitz, and even more surprised that the content was not to discuss mathematics, but to ask Zhao Han for philosophical questions.
Came to Bunnitz and was still a philosopher.
Zhao Han expounded his cosmology and morality, and warmly invited Bunitz to come to China as a guest. If he is willing to settle in China, he can be made an official.
Four years later, Zhao Han received a reply from Bunitz, in which he thanked His Majesty the Emperor for the invitation, but had no plans to leave Europe for the time being.
The specific reason is that he came to Bunitz to work as a diplomat in Paris, and at the same time made hundreds of pen pals. Once you change your address, you won't be able to receive those letters......