Zhao Han Encyclopedia information

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Zhao Han (4314-4384), whose name is Maochen, was a native of Wuqing, Hebei. The leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, the founding emperor of the Datong Dynasty (reigned 4339-4384), known as Tongtaizu in history, was an outstanding strategist, military strategist, politician, thinker, scientist, writer, and gourmet.

The Zhao family was a Confucian family in the Ming Dynasty, and when they were young, their family declined, and the whole family fled from their hometown. In the fifth year of Chongzhen, he killed the officials of Leadshan County and fled to Luling County. In the sixth year of Chongzhen, he led the Wuxing Town Uprising at the age of 16. At the age of 20, he occupied the entire territory of Jiangxi. At the age of 22, he captured Nanjing.

At the age of 25, he ascended the throne and became emperor. After sweeping away the remnants of the Ming Dynasty, destroying the Later Jin, Ping Dashun, and finally unifying China.

During Zhao Han's reign, he equalized the land, abolished forced labor, released slaves, organized immigration, encouraged land reclamation, built water conservancy, popularized high-yield crops, adjusted tax policies, and greatly developed industry, agriculture and commerce. Establish a peasant and soldier system, a police system, a patrol and inspection system, abolish the military household system, and implement a conscription system. Reform the imperial examination, promote civilian education, and lay the foundation for the primary, junior and senior education system. Adjust the bureaucratic system, and rule down to villages and towns. Open the sea and forbid it, promote colonization, expel European colonists, recover the Western Regions, pass through the north, and have a vast territory. Encourage open-mindedness, in the early years of the dynasty, a large number of thinkers were born, and a hundred flowers bloomed in the ideological circle. Support scientific innovation and lay the foundation for a modern scientific system.

History says that the rule of the people began.

In the three dynasties of the People's Beginning, Hongye and Zhanglong, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, the social order was stable, the science and culture developed in an all-round way, and the industry, agriculture and commerce flourished.

In 4384 (the forty-sixth year of the beginning of the Republic of China), Zhao Han died of illness in Nanjing at the age of 70, and was called Emperor Gao of Chengtian Yingmin Lidao Zhaoji Shengde Shengong Wei Wen Jingwu rebuilt Qiankun Gao.

【Biography】

Humble background——

Zhao Han was born in a rural Confucian family in Wuqing County, Bazhou, Hebei Province, his father is Zhao Shilang and his mother is Chen. Zhao Han is the second in the family, although he is a Confucian household, he has long been in decline. In the first year of Chongzhen, there was a great drought, his grandmother, father, mother, and brother died of illness and starvation, the eldest sister was sold to human traffickers, and Zhao Han took his sister to beg for food in Tianjin.

Studying Lead Mountain——

Fei Yinghuan, a son of the Hao clan in Leadshan, cherished Zhao Hancai's ambition and accepted him as a servant. With Fei Ruhe, Fei Chun, Liu Ziren, and Xu Ying, they worshiped Pang Chunlai to study under him.

Pang Chunlai, a son of a military household in Liaodong, went into exile in Jiangxi, instilling the idea of uprising for the founding fathers.

Although Zhao Han is a domestic servant, he is still young, and his knowledge can be ranked first in Hanzhu Academy. The theory of the position, the tongue fights all the beings, can not be distinguished, and Jiangxi Xuezheng appreciates. Xuezheng wanted to accept him as a personal disciple, but Zhao Han politely refused.

Fugitive life –

Fei Yinghuan and his wife, appreciating Zhao Han's talent, planned to recruit him as a son-in-law, and changed his household registration to help him take the road of the imperial examination. The teachers and students who were refuted by Hanzhu, as well as the elders of the Fei clan who looked down on Zhao Han, joined forces to eliminate Zhao Han's student status, and colluded with officials to conspire to trap Zhao Han and put him in prison.

Zhao Han was alert and intelligent, broke in single-handedly, killed the official, burned the county government, and was wanted. With his superb personality charm, Pang Chunlai, Zhang Tieniu, and Chen Maosheng are all willing to follow their lives in all directions. Later, Fei Ruhe and Fei Chun took the initiative to defect.

Martial Rise Soldiers——

At that time, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong and other rogues crisscrossed several northwestern provinces. Later Jin conquered Mongolia and Korea, and plundered Hebei and Shandong several times. Because of this erosion in the north, the imperial court ordered the whole country to increase taxes and salaries in order to calm the internal and external troubles, and the people in the southern provinces were struggling to make a living.

Zhao Han killed the bully landlord in Wuxing Town, divided the land to the tenants' domestic slaves, and won the hearts of the people. The governor of Jiangxi led a large army to encircle and suppress, the local wealthy families recruited villagers to accompany the army, and Zhao Han led the army to take the city of Ji'an. Captured the fortified city with a strategy, recruited thousands of troops, defeated the returning officers and troops head-on, defeated the township Yong of the Hao clan, and subdued Li Banghua, the secretary of the Ming Dynasty's military department.

Then, the land of Luling, Jishui, and Anfu counties was obtained.

Stand Your Ground –

Chongzhen first appointed the commander-in-chief of Jiangxi, and then appointed the governors of the five southern provinces, and the troops of the five provinces encircled and suppressed the Zhao Han rebel army. The rebels broke the officers and soldiers several times, became famous, and heroes from all walks of life defected. There are Fang Shenghong and Fang Shengchang brothers, and they are attached with the territory of the three counties. Fei Yinghui brought hundreds of soldiers and horses to vote. There is Ding Jiasheng, who relied on the "Datong Collection" to revolt and divide the fields, and brought soldiers and territory to it. There are also the children of the Ming Sect and the Ming Dynasty, who have shown off their talents, and have successively invested under Zhao Han.

Zhao Han had excellent strategic vision and political talent, and he was not in a hurry to expand, but to rectify the military and political system and develop industry, agriculture and commerce. He also pretended to accept the imperial court Zhao'an and got the post of chief soldier in Jiangxi. In four years, he occupied the entire territory of Jiangxi.

Pingding Jiangnan——

Zhao Han, who monopolized Jiangxi, did not immediately attack Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The first troops divided their ideas and captured the entire territory of Guangdong and most of Hunan. Then recovering Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, and the land of Ming wealth.

Chongzhen was unable to suppress the Liukou, and Beijing was about to fall, so he thought about marrying his daughter and sending the prince south, wanting to use Zhao Han to assist the country. Zhao Han did not accept it, and treated the prince and daughter of the Ming Dynasty well.

Unifying the Nation –

At that time, the northwest was eroded in several provinces, Liaodong Houjin killed and plundered, and the remnants of the Ming Dynasty were people. Only Zhao Han appeased the people and resumed the development of social production. With a stable and deep foundation, the enemy who is struggling to make a living for the people will be victorious in every major battle. Suiping the whole country.

Overseas Expansion –

The Ming Dynasty implemented a maritime ban policy, and the coastal gentry controlled the interests of maritime trade.

Zhao Han actively opened the sea, cracked down on smuggling, and subdued the Haikou Zheng Zhilong. First, it recovered Macao, then defeated Spain and the Netherlands, and recovered Luzon, Taiwan, Java, and Malacca. He was crowned a prince with South India, colonized the Falklands, and sent envoys to European countries. Immigrated to North America and Danzhou, and the Chinese influence spread all over the world.

Land Expansion –

Guangnan, Burma, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Mongolia, Dawan, Ili, Ezo, and northern Korea were originally the homeland of China. All parts of Haibei (Siberia) were ravaged by Tsarist Russia, and the natives asked the imperial court to send troops, and Zhao Hanji's 20 years of work were all included in the land of China.

【The Rule of the Beginning of the People】

The first period of the Republic of China was one of the most splendid periods in Chinese history.

It abolished slaves, abolished the eunuch system, and implemented a policy of equality and gender equality for all people.

It is ideologically and culturally inclusive, and the social trend of thought is full of flowers, breaking through the shackles of the original Song and Ming Dynasty science and science. It absorbs the ideas and technologies of all countries in the world, and integrates them into modern scientific thought in China. During the 46 years of the First Dynasty of the Republic of China, more than 200 influential thinkers appeared, who laid the foundation for various schools of thought and scientific and technological theories for hundreds of years to come.

It was a time of bright stars!

Centralization –

The official system of Datong basically followed the Ming Dynasty, but there were also a lot of modifications.

The central government implemented a system of one cabinet, two courts, and eight ministries, and the emperor gained unprecedented power.

The power of the inner court was weakened, and female officials could not exercise exclusive power. The power of the foreign court was weakened, and the cabinet was checked and balanced by eight ministries and two chambers. The Governor's Office gained more military power, the powers and responsibilities of the Ministry of War and the Governor's Office were clear, and the army was more effective and resilient.

Governance of the State –

The situation of the imperial power in the county was improved, and in the middle and late period of the Republic of China, the mayor of the town was served by the rank official, and the imperial decree could be quickly transmitted to the villages and towns.

The policy of dividing land will temporarily solve the problem of land annexation. The system of servitude was abolished, the slave class disappeared completely, and the productive forces were greatly liberated.

The long-term and irregular crackdown on corruption, the rule of the officials of the first dynasty of the Republic of China was clear, and it reached the peak of the feudal dynasty. The Huanghuai River system, which had been flooding for hundreds of years, was successfully contained in the First Dynasty of the People's Republic of China. The Liaoze problem was also eradicated in the last years of the Republic of China.

Establish a primary, secondary, and university education system, establish a local official examination system, and coexist with the imperial examination system. Its education and official selection system laid the foundation for modern education and civil service systems. The literacy rate of the common people has been greatly improved, and the pinyin, punctuation, simplified characters (simplified Chinese characters that have existed in previous dynasties), and scientific measurement standards have been used to this day. The global Chinese cultural circle has been able to have a standard language and writing style.

The social productive forces have developed enormously, and the Chinese population has soared from 60 million to 190 million (many overseas territories have not been counted at that time).

Reform of traditional Chinese medicine and lay the foundation of modern medicine.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the Song and Ming Dynasty nursing home system was used to improve the living conditions of the orphans, widows and disabled groups. The first public library appeared, the first public hospital appeared, and the first public stadium appeared.

Diligent and thrifty –

Zhao Han was one of the most diligent and frugal emperors in Chinese history.

At the end of the Republic of China, the royal family was not high, and the personnel of the Forbidden City remained below 6,000. The number of concubines in Zhao Han's harem has never exceeded 15, which is the least among feudal emperors.

Zhao Han's lunch is basically a working meal, the same as that of ordinary officials. And while eating, I reviewed the recitals.

The Datong clan has very little use. Princes, county kings and other titles, descendants other than the five suits, are not subject to any preferential treatment, everything is no different from commoners, and they need to be self-reliant.

At the end of the Republic of China, there was no major construction, and the Forbidden City was the largest royal project. Today's Purple Mountain Garden was not luxurious in the First Dynasty of the People's Republic of China, and was expanded by successive emperors.

Appointment of Officials –

Outline.

Immigration Policy –

In the early years of Datong, the population in the north was extremely scarce, and the imperial court organized official immigration. Subsequently, they emigrated to the Western Regions, the Southwest, the Northeast, the North, and overseas. The Chinese-speaking population is east and north America, west and inland Africa, south and South China (Australia), the Arctic and Arctic Oceans.

Cultural Thought –

Establishment and implementation of Zhao Han's ideology...... Omit (anti-shielding).

"The Anthology of Dust" includes 1 Zhao Han, 1 opera and 32 poems, all of which are well-known.

Anecdotes –

Zhao Han is best known as a gourmet.

Before he started the army, he worked as a chef in a restaurant in Hekou Town, Leadshan County, and said that his ancestors were the imperial chefs. However, after the research of later experts, the identity of the descendants of the imperial chef is apocryphal. Because Zhao Han likes spicy, most of the dishes he passed down are related to chili peppers, which were introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty.

The most classic dish invented by Zhao Han is scrambled eggs with tomatoes. It is very popular, simple to cook, and spread all over the world. The table manners and menus of the royal families of European countries are mostly imitated by the Nanjing Imperial Palace.

Zhao Han also likes to engage in scientific inventions, and the founder of modern physics, chemistry, and mathematics mostly records that he was assigned by Zhao Han in his private notes. Even the invention of the steam engine has traces left by Zhao Han. Later generations of scholars were shocked by these details when they studied historical materials, and it was hard to imagine that Zhao Han had learned a wide range of things. He even left the famous song "Taizu Breaking the Array Music" and ordered the promotion of the twelve equal laws.

【Historical Evaluation】

Xiao Shixuan: My mathematics is actually taught by Taizu.

Huang Zongxi: People are born to know? Yu Zeng saw it, Taizu is also.

Louis XIV: I am the Sun King of the West, Zhao is the Philosopher-King of the East, and the two greatest monarchs of the world are here.

Peter the Great: I am Zhao Han of Russia, and you must obey me unconditionally.

Abbas II (Emperor of Persia): He is the king of kings, he is the light of the world, and I would feel a great honor to meet him face to face.

Tang Kong Ye (King of MCA): Our ancestor, Totaizu Fuyin, ruled the Falklands (Madagascar). Now, we can be independent, because Taejo entertained our ancestors, and now we are being exploited by our mother country. We still follow Taizu as the father of the country, which is unquestionable and unavoidable.

A certain figure that cannot be said: omitted.

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