Xu Le walked down with his bag on his shoulder, Zhong Quan followed to the crowd in front, and the person on the opposite side also walked over, there was a person in front of him who should be the local station, right?

"Uncle Shi, this is Fang Shuoguo, and you are also your nephew, who graduated from Beijing University of Archaeology!" Xu Hong introduced.

"Uncle, hello, I am also teaching at Yu University now, I listened to your class two days ago and felt very deeply, I heard that you are going to Jiahu, I volunteered to be a tour guide for you"! Fang Shuoguo said with a smile.

Xu Le shook his hand, "Thank you, thank you, it's too troublesome for you"! He's a little annoyed now, won't he have any privacy in the future?

Fang Shuoguo led in front, everyone followed behind, Xu Le saw the four words in front, the square cement sign, "Jiahu Ruins", a desolate, fenced with trees!

The only thing Xu Le is happy about in his heart is that your relatives will be over in Great Xia, right?

Hey, finally no more!

Xu Le stood on top of a high hill, looking at the potholes in front of him, not big, only a few thousand square meters, and he saw his head at a glance!

"Uncle Shi, the Jiahu site is located on the east side of Jiahu Village in Wuyang County, and was discovered in 62. The site is about 70,000 square meters, and the cultural layer is between one and three meters thick. There are mainly ancient tombs, house sites, pottery kilns, ash pits, etc. The tombs are mostly rectangular soil pits and vertical pits, and the tombs are mostly to the west and southwest, and there are no traces of burial tools. Most of the burial objects are practical goods for life, and some of them appear in groups with the burial goods, such as tortoise shells, bone flutes, and forks, and there are more than 20 tombs in groups, and the tombs are generally larger, and the burial goods are richer. Most of the male burial goods are stone shovels, stone axes, bone darts, bone arrowheads, etc., and the female burial goods are more bone needles, spinning wheels, and grinding discs. The cemeteries of the Jiahu site are relatively concentrated, and most of them appear in patches, and some are repeatedly buried and overlapped. Most of the houses are oval-shaped, and the structure is mainly semi-crypt type, mostly single rooms, and there are a small number of multi-room rooms that have been expanded sequentially. There are stoves, pillar holes, etc. in the site. The kiln site is small, with a kiln chamber, a fire door, a flue and a smoke hole, and some retain a kiln wall and a fire channel. From 83 to 87, the Yuzhou Institute of Cultural Relics carried out six excavations, with an excavation area of more than 2,600 square meters, and found more than 30 house foundations, more than 300 ash pits, 10 pottery kilns, less than 300 tombs, and unearthed thousands of relics such as pottery, stone, bone and tortoise shell. ”

Xu Le followed everyone around the ruins pit of less than 3,000 square meters, and then went to a house that was displayed in a centralized manner!

"Uncle Shi, you see this is the Jiahu bone flute"! Fang Shuoguo pointed to a few flutes in front of him and showed them to Xu Le.

Xu Le doesn't understand this thing, but it does look quaint, how did this be excavated?

"We have unearthed more than 30 bone flutes, which are the earliest and most well-preserved wind instruments ever discovered in the world. It already has a seven-tone and eight-tone scale, with two-, five-hole, six-hole, seven-hole and eight-hole flutes, and the length is about 17. Three-two-four. Six centimeters with a diameter of zero. Nine-one. Between 72 centimeters, the production material is made of the ulna of the crane, the production is standardized, and the shape is fixed. It has been tested and found to have a seven-tone scale and can play modern music in its entirety. It has pushed the history of human music forward by more than 3000 years. ”

Xu Le knows that Huaxia is the five-tone palace Shangjiao Zhengyu, which has reached the seventh tone, which is very powerful, but does this have a lot to do with Cantonese?

"Xu Hong, have you thought about a question? As a site similar to Peiligang culture, although it is not said to be the capital, it is also a small settlement, and now it is almost 3,000 square meters, are you still arguing about whether Wangchenggang is the summer capital"?

After Xu Le finished speaking, everyone laughed!

"Uncle Shi, look at it, this is Jiahu Qike"!

Fang Shuoguo pointed to some rubbings of tortoise shells and said, Xu Le stepped forward and carefully looked at those rubbings and identified them against the tortoise shells!

Xu Le looked at the rubbings of the seventeen cases, which were rubbed from the armor, bone, stone, and pottery, of which nine cases were engraved on the tortoise shell, five were engraved on the bone tools, and three were engraved on the pottery, all of which were characterized by deeds. The structure of the engraved characters is "horizontal", "point", "vertical", "apostrophe", "stroke", "vertical hook", "horizontal fold" and other strokes, Xu Le found that their writing characteristics are also first horizontal and then vertical, first left and then right, first up and then down, first inside and then outside, which is consistent with the basic structure of Chinese characters. The shape of some of the carved symbols has many similarities with the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty after 4000, such as the shape of the "eye" and the sun.

"Uncle Shi, the formation age of the inscription here is more than 4,000 years earlier than the oracle bone inscription in Yinxu in Anyang, ahead of the ancient Egyptian papyrus known as the world's earliest writing, and 2,000 years earlier than the carved symbols on the Yangshao culture pottery in Banpo in Xi'an and the text on the pottery of Qilu Dawenkou culture. The newly discovered oracle bone inscription symbols are mostly found on the perforated tortoise shell deck that accompanied the burial. We judged that this kind of perforated deck was an ornament worn on the body associated with human divination in ancient times. ”

After listening to this, Xu Le asked, "Have you ever thought that these so-called words are a kind of identity or a representation of a name?" Not all people have it, but only people with a certain status have it?"

Fang Shuoguo thought about it and shook his head!

"You can check the size, age or posture of the unearthed corpse from this angle, I think the text must have a certain degree of relevance to identity!" Xu Le said.

Then, under the leadership of Fang Shuoguo, everyone looked at some restored thatched houses, as well as the remains of rice, as well as various pottery products, stone products, bone and horn tooth products, animal remains, plant fruit pits, etc.

There are quite a lot of animal bones, including elephants, crocodiles, etc., of course, there are more red-crowned cranes, and the Jiahu bone flute is made of the crane bones of red-crowned cranes, Xu Le thinks this is cruel enough!

But he couldn't have imagined that this could be the time when humans were so idle eight or nine thousand years ago.

In addition, there are many handle-shaped vessels, fork-shaped bone vessels, turtle spirit divination, and sun-patterned pottery from here, all of which are supposed to be used for sacrifices!

It took about two hours, everyone read all of these in detail, and at one o'clock in the afternoon, Xu Le proposed to go to dinner, which can be regarded as a breakup meal in Yuzhou!

Everyone went to a very large hotel in Wuyang County, with a total of more than 200 square meters, called "Huaxia Hotel"!

Xu Le looked at those five words, how kind his eyes were full of tears, more than 200 square meters of Huaxia Hotel!

"Ah Zhong, remember it in the future, I'll eat here when I come here", everyone laughed.

Everyone was already about to finish their work, and they looked a little unhappy, Xu Le came directly, "Put all your best things over again"!

Xu Le wants to treat everyone well, these three days have not been easy!

The local specialty is the local pig, which is really good, Xu Le let the local pork in the big pot three times, and everyone knew that Xu Deputy Office was so able to eat, and he had not eaten enough before co-authoring!

When everyone had eaten about the same, Xu Le asked everyone a question:

"Guys, do you think the standards of civilization are reasonable"?

Everyone looked at each other and couldn't say!

"This question seems to be difficult to say, right, then I'll tell you a story, maybe you will understand! Everyone knows that in the thirties and forties, Mr. Geshi proposed a civilized action, no swearing, no spitting, and decent dressing, right?" Xu Le continued.

Everyone nodded, yes!

"But, does it work? Is it useful for Huaxia? Huaxia is what you need is not to spit and not to swear? How did the elderly solve it? To solve it fundamentally, that is, to criticize it from the source of theory"!

Xu Le looked at everyone, and then said, "I said before that we only have a history of faith in Huaxia after the eastward migration from King Ping, more than 2,000 years, right?" Then the Yin ruins were discovered, and in the end, there is no way to say that our letter history has reached about 3,500 years; Then we have Xia Xu, saying that you don't have words and don't admit it; Then I think we have words now, and you're sure you'll be able to say something else, right? So I want to ask this question, and what I want to say to you is, can we put forward our own criteria for judging at the source of theory, the so-called standard of civilization is a continuous process, it is not achieved overnight"!

"I want to say, we can't just think about digging pits and digging graves, we have to think about what our purpose is, we have to speak out, is this the only thing between you Heluo, no, there must be something, so can we consider this issue on a larger scale? In addition, we don't pay enough attention to the Jiahu ruins!"

"Let's take a look, to say the least, this is the earliest known Neolithic cultural relics in the Huaihe River Basin, providing a connection point that combines the Neolithic cultural relationship between the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Huai River. And what is my personal judgment, this is an important dividing point between Han culture and Chu culture, and this is a very, very important node. We must look at this issue from the point of difference and continuity of the civilizations of the north and south of China, and truly look at this issue from the origin.

Bronze, city-state, writing, altar, the four signs, which is the most important, must be the text. As long as there are settlements in the city-state, there will inevitably exist, and writing is the source of civilization, just like speaking! There can be no civilization without the formation of a language. I don't dare to say whether these inscriptions are the source of the oracle bone inscriptions, but from now on most of the drawings are on the tortoise shell, which shows that at least there is a continuation in terms of material, and you can study whether it is a pottery inscription or a pottery pattern. In any case, I feel that the Jiahu inscriptions provide new information on the crucial question of the origin of Chinese characters, and these symbols, even if they are not a complete script, provide reliable evidence for the exploration of the historical origin of the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty."

Xu Le took a sip of water, "So we don't have to be afraid that some countries will hold us back, we won't be able to see our good, this is a good thing, this is my ancestor's business, what are you always mixed with, isn't it?"

Everyone burst out laughing!

"Do you say, do you have a say in your ancestors or do I have a say?" Xu Le asked!

"Of course it's us!" Xin Ge said with a smile, the more he looks at his uncle now, the more flavorful he becomes, Xu Le looked at everyone's eyes and smiled, "Isn't that enough, why do you want me to admit your ancestors' affairs so much, as long as you admit it yourself?" Got it"?

"Got it"! Everyone spoke in unison, and everyone was very excited.

"So, it's time to publish it, don't care so much, remember what Master Zhou said, there is no road in the world, and the more people who walk, the road is formed, as long as we all say more, it is ours, the standard is not set by others, it is the number of people who say that it has become the standard"!

"Everyone, especially Fang Shuoguo, please confirm whether the two have homology as soon as possible, and then you have to argue that the history of China for 9,000 years is not completed in 5,000 years, it must be 9,000 years, and finally it will be 5,000 years after a discount!"

Xu Le smiled himself, a little scoundrel, but this is the best way to deal with scoundrels!

Everyone laughed heartily!

Then we exchanged some questions, Xu Le finally said goodbye to everyone, I hope to be able to meet you in the fastest time, it may be July and August next year, but at most two years, he will inevitably come again, I hope that by that time we can all achieve something, he gave Fang Shuoguo a business card, if there is any new information, if it does not violate the principle of confidentiality, you can send him a copy, if you publish your name, everyone is very happy!

Xu Le asked them to set up a group, focusing on studying whether the Jiahu ruins and Wangchenggang were Cangzuocheng, and he now judged that he could continue to expand the scope of some things, and finally left an introduction, which can be regarded as the company of these three days!

Fang Shuoguo gave Xu Le a copy of the inscription of the Jiahu ruins, and Xu Le and everyone finally said goodbye and got into the car!

It's already half past three, and it will take more than three hours to get to Xinyang, Xu Le thought about the approximate time, "Ah Zhong, let's go to Shencheng at half past six, stop at the Huai River, take a look at the Huai River, and then buy some hairy tips to take back; Then at ten o'clock almost to Jianghan, tonight will live in Jianghan, at night we will come out to the Yangtze River Bridge to see the Yangtze River rushing"!

Zhong Quan snorted!

Afterwards, Xu Le leaned back in his chair and thought about the world's earliest bone flutes, domestic animals, wine, the prototype of text inscriptions, sacrificial objects, and rice pits, aren't these civilizations? What is that?

Xu Le smiled, hey, what a double standard king!

The most important thing is that many people in my own country are against it, what kind of thinking is this, I don't believe in my ancestors, so what does it mean for you to live in China? Are you sent by heaven to cause trouble?

Thinking of the troublemaker, he suddenly remembered a legend, saying that Daji was sent by Nuwa to make trouble, no, is this really the case, but it must have nothing to do with Nuwa!

But was it sent by someone else?

Xu Legang thought about it deeply, and thought of another question!

What can prove the existence of Great Xia? Now it seems that there is a problem, Jiahu Qike, which has existed since eight or nine thousand years ago, has been blank for nearly five thousand years in the middle for three thousand five hundred years, even if it has been unearthed, it can't be connected into a sentence, so there is a problem here?

What is it that makes the middle so badly destroyed?

From the present point of view, because of the few found, it has not been possible to connect the words into sentences, but the way of writing, the structure of the strokes and the oracle bone inscription have an obvious relationship of origin, such as the word "目", the word "曰", very close, the complexity of the structure of the Jiahu inscription is obviously different from the general symbols, and also different from the Aiji pictographs, in contrast, the Aiji pictographs are closer to pictures, rather than words. In short, it is too arbitrary to conclude that it is not a text now, and it needs further efforts from archaeologists. But as an ancient man who created the Jiahu ancient flute that could play seven-tone music, would you doubt their creativity?

Xu Le shook his head!

"Why do I feel like I'm missing from what I'm trying to think about?" Xu Le was a little puzzled!

Xu Le turned on the computer and opened a new document, "Discussion on the Significance of Jiahu Qieng as the World's Earliest Written Prototype".

Xu Le first described what he saw, and then began to sort out the inheritance issue, writing about two or three thousand words, mainly arguing that the carved symbols of Jiahu should not be called "Tao Wen", because the symbol carrier is not all Tao. There are 16 cases of deed inscriptions, including nine cases of tortoiseshell inscriptions, three cases of bone inscriptions, three examples of pottery inscriptions, and one case of stone and one pigment inscription.

Regarding the relationship between Jiahu carved symbols and oracle bone inscriptions, there are two most important points: some symbols are more pictographic, such as eye shapes and portal shapes, which are very similar to the corresponding words in oracle bone inscriptions; The Jiahu people carved symbols on the tortoise shell, which is similar to the inscription on the tortoise shell during the Yinxu period, but the divination method of Jiahu is not to burn, but to combine the tortoise's belly and back carapace with stones, probably using a hand-cranked tortoiseshell ringer. The main difference from the oracle bone inscription is that there is no way to prove that the Jiahu symbol can record language, and there is no coherent writing and meaning to be found.

After going back, I will compare some of the words of the Tao Temple and the Japanese characters and the words of the oracle bone inscription of Yinxu, to see what the situation is, and go back to check some things in the waste island and the two river basins, the most important thing is that he raised a question, why the text will eventually form two categories of phonetic and ideographic shapes, it should be said that it is related to the respective roads of the marine civilization and the loess civilization, the commercial behavior of the marine civilization and the agricultural behavior of the loess civilization, one requirement is fast and accurate, and the other requires thick and upright, The same way of thinking, will eventually evolve into a fast writing a proper writing vein, resulting in the world's two major schools, to say who is good but there is no such need, no matter what, the real living ancient country, ancient literature, ancient characters only in China, but from the perspective of the development of their own civilization it is still necessary to explain this huge significance!

After Xu Le closed this article, he opened a new topic, "Exploring the Existence of the Ancient Kingdom of Heluo from a Wide Range"!

Xu Le knew how he discovered the ruins of Yu in the first place, that was purely that he should have been sealed, and the corresponding things buried deep in the ground were shaken, and finally the so-called altar appeared, which could not be said to be a discoverer in the real sense, this time in Huanbei Mall was the real first time, but through the study of the old Tao's Qimen Dunjia and the messy things in the Taoist medicine left by the old Tao, he had a very deep understanding during this time, In particular, the understanding of the so-called dragon search point method has reached a certain height!

The so-called dragon search point, contemporary people are more for the yin and yang house, for Xu Le feel funny!

Were all the people in the past so worthless? These are all people who serve the king, they worship ghosts and gods, and only those who have reached the height are likely to look at this specifically, so the real dragon search method is to serve the dynasty. Look at the mountains, see the water, look at the popularity, the mountains are not high, there are immortals, the water is not in the depths, there are dragons and spirits, and the people are not in the high, and the king is also! Of course, this is to have reached a certain height, and the real sense of dragon hunting is more about the survey of Tulong mountains and rivers and water dragons.

It is necessary to consider the steep mountains and rivers, the turbulent water and other situations, especially in ancient times, to be close to the water but also to have expansion, the terrain to be able to defend and have a back road, through the mountains and rivers to gather popularity, and finally form a dragon among people is the most important thing, so as for Heluo, it must be to form a dragon among people!

Then there must be a long settlement group between the small dragon over there and the big dragon of the Yellow River in the north, between the Fuxi Mountain in the east and the Songshan Mountain in the west, and they should be a country or a large racial group.

Vulgar clouds: Inferior gentlemen walk all over the mountain, medium gentlemen watch the water mouth, and superior gentlemen watch the stars. Xu Le hadn't felt that he had reached the point of watching the stars, he felt that he had at least reached the point of watching the water!

Yin and Yang can be good, there must be mountains and water, "before looking at the mountain, see the water, there are mountains without water burial ground", "the mountain manages the people and the water manages the wealth", and: "water is the blood of the dragon", "the sand and the water will meet, the combination of yin and yang", "water is the essence of the blood of the mountain family, and the benefit and harm are as fast as gods" and so on. One can imagine the geographical importance of water.

Mountains and water are a pair of yin and yang, there are mountains without water, can not be called dragons, no water can not prove that the dragon to the end and knotted holes, so the principle of heaven and earth: that is, the mountain turns with the water, two mountains sandwich a water, two water sandwich a mountain, yin and yang depend on each other, the mountains and rivers will stop the dragon.

Therefore, if the mountains and rivers are crossed, they will be knotted, and if they are not knotted, they will not be knotted. In short, the dragon vein knot is inseparable from water. How can we intersect? "If the dragon is against the water, the dragon is true, and if the sand is against the water, it is true." Because if you go against it, you will make a hand. Yang turns from the left, and Yin meets from the right. That is, the water turns smoothly, the mountain reverses or the water reverses, and the mountain turns smoothly. The mountains and the water must have one good and one bad, and then they will blend together.

Because of the reverse water bureau, it must be the dragon vein against the water, at this time the dragon must be a real dragon, and it has to go down to the sand to collect water in reverse, then the acupoint must be true.

Xu Le thought back to the things in the old Taoist book, thinking about the Wangchenggang ruins in the south of Songshan Mountain, the Erligang ruins in the west and then to the east, facing the line near the Yellow River in the north, and the position in the middle from west to east is a blank, and this blank spot is the biggest suspicious place, this time there is no chance to pass, there is an introduction to the ruins of the ditch, but Xu Le feels that this is not the case, one is not enough, it is not worthy of the position of such a big dragon!

Xu Le began with Anderson's discovery of painted pottery in Yangshao Village in Mianchi County in 1921, which filled the gap of the middle and late Neolithic civilization in the Yellow River Valley, and explained the existence of the Xia Dynasty to a certain extent. Because there is already a temporal background, it provides a huge possibility of faith history. Then from the northwest direction of the Tao Temple ruins to look down, in this large geographical background, the fertile loess for the development of the entire Chinese primitive peoples to provide a material basis, from east to west, from south to north there are "starry-eyed" type of civilization settlement sites.

Xu Le first discussed the climate, and the climate zones of China can be roughly divided into the eastern monsoon region, the northwest arid region and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau climate zone. The main place of activity in China is the eastern monsoon region, and Luoyang, located in the Heluo region, is just in the middle of the eastern monsoon region of China, and the climate is very suitable for the development of early agricultural civilization.

The climate of the monsoon zone is characterized by four distinct seasons, with hot and rainy weather in summer, and temperatures in winter basically around freezing, and the climate transition between spring and autumn is also very obvious. About 5,000 years ago, the entire Central Plains region experienced the famous Yangshao warm period, during this period, the climate of Luoyang was generally two to three degrees higher than that of today's Luoyang area, and the rain was relatively abundant, which provided very convenient conditions for the formation of early human settlement civilization.

In addition, from the perspective of topography and geographical conditions, Luoyang is just in the middle of the transition from the lower reaches of the Yellow River Plain to the Loess Plateau, with Pishan Mountain and the Yellow River in the north, Kunshan Mountain in the west, and Xiong'er Mountain and Funiu Mountain, which are the branches of the Qinling Mountains in the south. The Yiluo River runs through the middle, providing it with enough water, and Luoyang is located in the hinterland of the entire Central Plains, so it will naturally become the first choice for the capitals of various dynasties.

The third reason for the rise of the Yellow River civilization is the quality of the soil. Due to the transport and accumulation of the Yellow River, a large amount of land eroded by the river has been collected in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and these lands have been concentrated in the lower reaches of the river, and finally formed fertile soil. The soils were highly fertile and ideal for agriculture, so they provided an important foundation for the development of early agriculture for early civilizations.

The most important thing is that the civilization of the Yellow River region is not only produced in the hinterland of Luoyang, but in Luoyang, Dengfeng, Zhengfu as the triangle, if it is expanded, it should be Huashan in the west as the starting point to the Mangdang Mountain in the east as the end, and the Dabie Mountain in Shencheng in the south as the three vertices to interact, in this core area is the small triangle, that is, between Luoyang Dengfeng Zhengfu.

Of course, the origin of Chinese civilization is not so much a place as a larger geographical area.

This area extends to Yuncheng and Linfen in the west, Zhengfu in the east, and Dengfeng in the south, and a large number of primitive settlement sites have been discovered, and the time of these settlement civilization sites is basically concentrated in the middle and late Neolithic to the early Shang period, but even so, there is still a lack of an earlier settlement group, so it can be judged that there should be a large ancient settlement group between Luoyang and Zhengfu in the appropriate area, roughly near Gongyi County.

As a matter of fact

This is the actual extent of the territory actually ruled by the Bactrian Dynasty in the true sense;

This is the earliest core area of Chinese civilization;

This is the birthplace of Chinese civilization in the true sense!