At five o'clock in the afternoon, on a slightly raised platform in the south of Wangyin Village, Wangyin Town, Yanzhou City, Xu Le and others passed by an ancient Si River, adjacent to the village in the north, and there was an east-west ditch in the middle, Xu Hong got out of the car and said to everyone, "This is the Si River", listening to what Xu Hong said about the Si River, Xu Le couldn't help but think of his master, it is also called "Four Rivers", what does it mean?

The site is about 300 meters long from north to south, about 200 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of about 60,000 square meters. Its protection scope is based on the protection of the monument, 100 meters to the east, 100 meters to the west, 300 meters to the south, and the construction control zone is the outer edge of the protection range extending to 50 meters each, and the outer edge area is also 120,000 square meters. The site is a Neolithic site dominated by the Dawenkou culture, and its excavation provides a basis for the study of the early social nature of the Dawenkou culture.

Xu Shuibo introduced to everyone, "Two kilometers east of the site is the ancient Si River, and there is an ancient river channel on the north side of the site. A total of seven excavations were carried out, revealing an area of 10,180 square meters, and excavating 899 Neolithic tombs, 14 house sites, and 423 ash pits. In addition to a large number of stones, pottery, bones, jade, mussels, teeth, utensils, a lot of animal remains have also been unearthed.

The Wangyin site is divided into five layers, the second to fourth layers are the early strata of Dawenkou culture, and the fifth layer is the late strata of Beixin culture. The tombs of Wang Yin site are all in the Dawenkou cultural strata, and the burial style is mainly supine and straight-limbed burial, with a certain proportion of joint burial and secondary joint burial, and a small number of lateral and curved limb burials. ”

Everyone looked at these burial pits and looked at the appearance of people, "Why are they all buried together"?

Xu Hong smiled immediately, "Uncle Shi, let me tell you, I think the great flood is continuous, of course, this continuation refers to the perspective of the great historical cycle", Xu Le nodded, looked at these different phases of soil, and touched it with his hands!

"The Wangyin site burial area is one of the largest prehistoric cemeteries in the country and the clan public cemetery where the most burials have been found. The excavation of the Wangyin site is mainly based on the tomb area, and there is still a large area of living area intact. The production tools, living utensils, burial goods and subtropical animal remains unearthed in the Wangyin site provide important material materials for the study of prehistoric living customs, burial methods, human physical characteristics and prehistoric environment. The Dawenkou culture and Beixin culture reflected in the Wangyin site provide a very key stratigraphic basis for establishing the inheritance relationship between the two cultures."

After Xu Shuibo finished speaking, he looked at Xu Hong, "You come on"!

"Uncle Shi, I think we are late, it should be a manifestation of the transition from Beixin culture to Dawenkou culture. The earliest cultural phenomenon may even predate Beixin, or the late post-Li period. It was probably not until the end that the transition to the Dawenkou culture was made. Moreover, its Dawenkou cultural appearance is not typical. ”

"Why"? Xu Le asked!

"Look," Xu Hong pointed to the village opposite, "Yanzhou is located in the central part of Qilu Province slightly west, on the southwest side of the Taiyi Mountains. Four kilometers east of the site is the Si River, and the north side of the site is about 150 meters away from Wangyin Village. The site is separated from Wangyin Village by a ditch-like depression, and the stratigraphic structure has a sand and gravel layer, which should be an ancient river channel. The site is located at the highest point of the uplifted highland, and the core of the site is one day higher than the surrounding area. Five meters, within this contour line is exactly the core area of the site, and only a small part of the western, southern, and northwestern parts of the site are located in the area of one meter and the first . Between the five-meter contour line. The four earliest houses in the ruins are all within the range of T266 and T267 in the north area, and the location of the exploration side is located in the southernmost part of the north area, and the central area is only separated by a road, it is precisely because of the occupation of the road that the site is divided into the central area and the north area, in fact, the site should be taken as a whole in order to correctly understand the distribution of cultural relics. ”

Xu Le nodded, this is no problem!

"Judging from several stratigraphic sections, the northern, central, southern and western areas of the Wangyin site are all four-layer accumulation, as if the age and mechanism of formation of various layers are the same, but in fact, there are obvious differences in the stratigraphic accumulation mechanism in each area, and the formation time is also different.

The fifth layer of accumulation has occurred in some of the exploration areas in the northern area, which is the place with the most layers of accumulation in the site. Although there is only a local fifth layer in the north area, it appears in the south of T266 and T260 and the exploration side, and has not yet reached the end, the earth is brownish gray, and the thickness is about 10~50 cm. It shows that this place in the northern area was washed away at that time, and the soil color was accumulated by rivers and lakes. Stratigraphic profiles in a north-south direction indicate that a river flowed from east to west in the southern part of the site's northern area in the early days. The fourth layer of soil is gray-yellow, about 5~80 cm thick. The large difference in the thickness of the stratum indicates that there was a large amount of sediment accumulation when this layer was formed. The change in the color of the soil from the previous layer to brownish gray is due to the fact that the flood brought new soil to the surface. The darker strata are the result of long-term water accumulation and more humus in the soil. It indicates that in the early days of the North District, there were swamps along both sides of the river, and although the river washed out the channel, the color of the soil accumulation showed that no large amount of new soil was brought in from the upstream. However, at the northernmost point of Exploration Quad 407, the depth of the fourth layer is still lower than that of the fifth layer. This phenomenon shows that the formation of the fourth layer originated from a large amount of sediment from the north, forming a comprehensive accumulation of the site area. After that, the fourth layer is still washed by the water from east to west. A more powerful east-to-west scour occurred north of T 407. The third layer of brownish-gray soil is about 15~70 cm thick and 30~100 cm deep from the surface. The soil is hard, mixed with sporadic red clay slag, and the relics are mainly pottery shards. There are many ash pits, in which quite rich animal bones and aquatic animal bones have been unearthed. The second layer of reddish-brown soil is about 7~40 cm thick and 18~50 cm deep from the surface. The soil is mixed with a considerable amount of red clay residue and blocks. The relics and relics contained in the strata are relatively rich, such as pottery, stones, bones, horns, mussels, snails and other relics are not uncommon. The pottery shards are mainly argillaceous red pottery, followed by mussel red pottery and sand brown pottery, and there are few argillaceous gray pottery, mussel brown pottery and sand red pottery. Plain pottery is the mainstay. The first layer is the cultivated soil layer, which is about 10~20 cm thick. The soil is soft.

The fourth layer of yellow-gray soil in the southern area is 97 centimeters thick at its thickest level and 215 centimeters from the deepest part of the earth's surface, indicating that it is the lowest lying here at this time, and this flood has caused it to accumulate the thickest. However, there are still a number of ash pits at the bottom of this level, indicating that a group of people lived here for a long time before this major climate change. The yellow-brown soil of the third layer is the same as that of the fourth layer in the central area, indicating that the sediments in this layer in the southern area are mainly from the sediments in the first layer of the central area. Because the terrain of the southern zone is lower than that of the central zone, it is the result of surface runoff transport. The second layer of yellow-gray soil, at this time, this layer is mainly affected by the water from the main river channel in the north, and the soil color is different from other areas. The eastern (i.e., eastern part of the central district) and the northern district are also affected by the soil carried by water from the east. Some of the probes in the southern area lacked the second layer of accumulation, and a few of the probes lacked the second and third layers of accumulation, indicating that the southern area was flooded during this period and had no chance to form the accumulation of these two layers.

The color of the soil in the strata of the central area, the fourth layer of yellow-brown soil. It is 10~60 cm thick and 115~160 cm deep from the surface. The soil is relatively hard, mixed with a small amount of red clay residue. The strata contain not many relics. The soil color of this layer should be influenced by the third layer of the North District. The third layer of soil is brown, 20~75 cm thick, and 60~157 cm deep from the surface. The soil is hard, mixed with some red clay slag, and most of the relics are pottery shards. The second layer of reddish-brown soil is about 30~70 cm thick and 40~90 cm deep from the surface. The soil is hard, mixed with a certain amount of red clay ballast and blocks. Most of the excavated objects are pottery shards, mainly muddy and sand-filled red and gray pottery, and there are also a small number of clam red pottery. In addition, there are a certain number of faience shards. The soil color of this layer is the same as that of the first layer in the North District, indicating that the two layers are in the same accumulation process. The first layer is the cultivated soil layer, about 10~35 cm thick, the soil is relatively soft, and the stratum is mixed with a large number of Dawenkou cultural pottery, stone tool fragments, as well as Han Dynasty slabs and tiles, modern bricks, tiles and porcelain pieces.

The layers in the western area are thinner, and the soil color is obviously different from other areas. The fourth layer of yellow-white soil in the western area. Only a few probes have this level of stacking. This layer is mixed with a large amount of yellow and white fine sand, and the texture is hard. The third layer of yellow soil. The second layer of yellow-red soil indicates that this layer was affected by the accumulation of the second layer in the northern area, which is about the same time. Until the first layer of cultivated soil, there is still more yellow fine sand. The results indicate that the accumulation mechanism of the strata in the western area is more affected by the flood on the western side, and the accumulation mechanism is different from that in other areas. It shows that this is the closest to the main river channel on the west side, and it is also affected by the continuous flood in the east, and the accumulation of various layers is related to flood erosion. The West Zone, where the accumulation is not large, is the most affected by the flooding.

There are no ruins in the eastern part of the site (there is no eastern area, but both the northern and central districts have eastern parts), mainly because of the inconvenience of daily water and the unsuitable for settlement most of the time. However, during the period of maximum flooding, there are also floodwaters in the east, which can even inundate the entire site. In fact, the Great Flood has submerged the entire site many times. At the earliest, when the fourth layer was formed, it was not a flood from east to west, but a flood from north to south, which brought a large amount of sediment, forming the basic topography of the site. Then the second and third layers are stacked and formed. During this period, the flood was not too large, and a large number of corpses that died in the flood were brought to the center, east and north of the site, forming a large-scale secondary burial object. The first layer of soil in the central area is the same color as the first layer in the northern area, which is reddish-brown, which proves that the flood from the east also inundated the entire site, however, only the highest water level has left a record of this flood.

According to the stratigraphic accumulation phenomenon of the site, it can be inferred that in the early stage of the site area, that is, in the fifth layer of the northern area, water from the east passed through the exploration of T266 and T260, and the southern area may be the same here, and there are rivers from east to west, and these two areas have land-forming marshes that can be inhabited by humans. The fourth-layer accumulation in the northern, central and southern areas is mainly the envelope of floods from the north, and its soil properties are different from those of alluvium from the east, but they are also affected by the cutting and accumulation of floods from east to west. So the color of this layer is similar, but not identical. The north zone is greyish-yellow, the central zone is yellowish-brown, and the south zone is yellowish-grey. The fourth layer of soil in the central area is yellowish-brown, although it belongs to the same accumulation process, but the time of land formation is the earliest. Then, with the central area as the center, different accumulation processes were carried out on the north and south sides.

The accumulation of the second and third layers is mainly the result of the mixed accumulation of sediment from the flood from north to south and surface runoff from east to west. The flood from the east is only the water of the Si River, although there is still some distance from the site today, but it should be one of the water systems that directly affect the site during the ruins period. The topsoil of the Nishan and Yishan mountains was washed away by rain and moved westward, forcing the Si River to drift to its present location in later generations. The site is subject to greater flood pressure from the north, with the Wen River being closer and the Jishui and Yellow River systems being further away. As a result, there can actually be a long time lag between layers, and there may be a long time lag between them.

The earliest ash pits were mainly distributed in the central area of Tanfang T239, 249 and 232, the ash pits in the northern area were mainly distributed in Tanfang T 263, 265, 268, 270, 405, 406 and 425 and 427, and the ash pits in the southern area were mainly distributed in Tanfang T4009, 4011, 4012 and 4016. It shows that it was a small piece of land divided by swamps in the early days. During the relatively dry years, it was fed by surface runoff from the East, and there were both naturally growing seed-bearing plants and a variety of animals. It was an ideal habitat for early humans. Therefore, from the lower level of the first floor, the population of this site has begun to grow rapidly.

One meter from the ruins and one. The shape of the five-meter contour line indicates that it was the soil from the flood that caused the accumulation of the fourth layer that formed the basic topography of the site. From the original swamp-like landform, it has become a small highland surrounded by water on three sides. When a larger flood comes, it will be surrounded by water, so that the entire site will be flooded. After the great flood receded, it became a peninsular landscape in relatively dry years.

On the other hand, due to the different topography of each district, most of the ruins in each area do not appear at the same time, even if they have the same layer. The most pronounced is the western zone, which is not exactly the same as the stratigraphic accumulation process in the northern, central and southern districts, and the remains actually only occur during the driest period of the flood years. The formation of the layers in the northern, central and southern regions is relatively recent, but they are not formed at the same time. The fourth layer of the North District lasts longer and may be relatively earlier than the fourth layer of the South District. The fourth floor of the southern zone lasts longer, and may be earlier than the third floor of the northern district. Regardless of the floor, the central zone lasts for a shorter period because water is inaccessible there most of the time. Therefore, people only live in the central zone when the water level is high. As a general rule, when the population of the North District is large, it is generally a rainy year, but there are no major floods. When the population of the southern region is large, it is generally a relatively dry year. People appear in the central district when the water level is at its highest. The West Zone is a location that only appears when other areas are unsuitable for human life. ”

Subsequently, everyone listened carefully to Xu Hong's description of the situation of each ruin, and after Xu Le heard that there were eight sleeping people on the fourth floor who were directly submerged by the flood, his mind suddenly popped up with the appearance of a mother resisting the collapse of the house to protect her child, and his heart became sad and kept nodding!

Is this young flood because of itself? He couldn't help but start to doubt himself, but after thinking about it, it was a little better, didn't he have other reasons?

In a small place, while watching and listening, and looking at the scene, Xu Le finally said to Xu Hong, "I now preliminarily think what you said is right", Xu Hong was happy!

"However, I think your research is not in place, now look at it, there must be a problem from the stone mountain in the upper reaches of the Yellow River to here, whether it is Yugong or ancient documents, there is a controversy in the matter of Yu guide stone, I personally think that the upstream stone mountain is the real meaning of the stone mountain, but it is not excluded that there is also this behavior in the downstream, so according to what you said, in fact, there will basically be a major flood every thousand years, so you should put Wang Yin, Wang Wan, Including Lingjiatan and Liangzhu all the way to several places upstream to see what is going on, whether there is commonality, the first is time, the second is the cause, and the third is the impact, so it is more meaningful"!

Xu Hong looked at Xu Le eagerly, and saluted Xu Le, "Received"!

Xu Le patted Xu Hong's shoulder, "Let's go, let's find a place to live first, eat some food, I haven't eaten at noon!"

Subsequently, Xu Hong took everyone to a big hotel next to the canal, the hotel is not high, eight floors, Xu Le They booked a room first, washed their faces, and then went downstairs to the street, on the opposite bank is the Grand Canal!