"Teacher Chen Fan, the controversy you just mentioned really excites me. I didn't expect that in an era of princes competing for hegemony during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so many ideas would appear. It's just that I have a question, why didn't we see these ideas in later generations? Is it because these ideas have not been handed down, or is there some other reason? ”

This time.

A student excitedly asked Chen Fan a question.

Regarding this question, Chen Fan nodded and said, "This question is very good. ”

Of course, Chen Fan will also explain without mentioning it.

Chen Fan said: "During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, although the idea of a hundred schools of thought contending made a certain contribution to the ruling class, after the Qin Dynasty unified the world, there were some anachronisms in the hundred schools of thought. The rulers of the Qin Dynasty felt that the ideas of various schools of thought in the country were too many and too mixed, and some of them were not easy to unify. However, there was no way to win politics at that time.

In 213 B.C., Ying Zheng held a banquet in Xianyang Palace, and everyone talked freely about wine, which accidentally caused a debate between the ancient and the modern. Naturally, the Shigu faction is not favored by Win Politics. Prime Minister Li Si said that Confucian scholars learn from the past instead of learning from the present, and Taoism from the past harms the present, and if it is not banned, reunification may be destroyed. For the sake of the unification of the world, but also to maintain their own authority. Li Si proposed to Ying Zheng to burn all books that did not fit in with the unity. Later, because Fang Shi and Confucian scholars slandered Ying Zheng, Ying Zheng killed these Confucian students, which was the Qin Dynasty book burning and Confucianism incident. ”

"In this incident, a lot of academic thought was greatly damaged, and many elites were killed. However, this kind of book-burning and Confucianism did not make the Qin Dynasty really strong, on the contrary, because the Qin Dynasty had just been unified, but in fact, it was not internally stable. The idea of such a great unification was launched all at once, and a series of other people could not accept it. Eventually, a series of peasant uprisings broke out, and the Han dynasty overthrew the rule of the Qin dynasty. ”

"But it's not over yet. When the time came to the Han Dynasty, Han Gaozu preferred the Taoist idea of ruling by inaction. Therefore, during this period of time, the whole academic development has been to a certain extent. However, when it came to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty passed through Gaozu, Emperor Hui, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Jing...... The strength of the country as a whole has been greatly enhanced. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to change the original strategy of defending against the Xiongnu and turned to attack. And in this way, a unified country is needed. This great unification is not only the great unification of the country's land, but also the great unification of speech and ideology. But unfortunately, because of the influence of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were still various schools of thought inherited during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and there were even many supporters. ”

In order to maintain his own unity, and in order to ensure that his words and deeds could be fully implemented, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to promote Confucianism. In addition, he also hopes to recruit people who understand Confucianism very well. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to preside over the exam himself, and among them, there was a candidate named Dong Zhongshu who answered the exam questions of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty very well. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy, so he reused Dong Zhongshu. Later, Dong Zhongshu proposed to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to "depose the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone", which meant to abolish other ideas and only learn Confucian doctrines. This suggestion was supported by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and in the end, to this day, there are very few schools of thought that have been handed down during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. ”

After Chen Fan finished speaking, he sighed.

Everyone sighed with Chen Fan, but they saw such a vast background era.

First of all, there were hundreds of schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

There was also a book-burning pit during the Qin Dynasty.

Then came the deposition of Confucianism during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Under such a premise, people only feel that there is another wave in their hearts.

Our history is more than just a length of time.

Our history is more reflected in the depth of ideology and culture.

Chen Fan continued: "More than 2,000 years later, I came to the modern era. Our modern era is an era of great unification, but our era is not the same as it was more than 2,000 years ago. More than 2,000 years ago, for his own rule, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had no choice but to depose Confucianism. But more than 2,000 years later, our main contradiction is completely different from what it was before. The people have lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the main contradiction has become a contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. Therefore, at this time, we can no longer learn from the deposed hundred schools of thought during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but we should learn from the hundred schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. To improve people's living standards through the exchange and development of various ideas and academics......"

One lesson.

It's not yet on topic, but it's already in the climax.

"My mom, Brother Fan is hanging up today."

"This time the hundred forums, I guess even CCTV can't withstand it."

"The name is good, and the content goes straight to the sky, it's too forced, it's too huge."

"And the main contradiction, I have a fork, and I feel so awesome."

Everyone has been shocked by Chen Fan's lecture.

Especially those scholars.

However, they are even more unclear about the value of Chen Fan's contention.

They understand.

Such a class, even if it is about history, will have a huge impact on the whole of China in the future.

……

"This is the origin of our hundred pulpits."

After talking about the origin of the hundred forums, Chen Fan officially entered the topic:

"I just briefly talked about the origin of the hundred pulpits, so let's return to the topic, and let's explain the Han again. Students who have paid attention to my program before should know that the Western Han Dynasty has finished speaking. So, at this time, we are talking about the Eastern Han Dynasty. In fact, I also talked a little bit about it at that time in the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Liu Xiu, the son of the plane, cast a forbidden spell, a meteor shower, a meteor shower, flying stars outside the sky, and a number of meteorites appeared......"

All right.

Although it is a hundred pulpits.

Previously, everyone was shocked by the background that Chen Fan said, and they didn't even dare to breathe.

Unexpectedly, all of a sudden, Chen Fan made a joke with them.

All of a sudden, the whole show was popping...... Laughter was heard.

"Hahaha, Teacher Chen Fan is so funny."

"Brother Fan has always been teasing."

"That's right, but our family can go up to the temple and down to the club......"

"Clubhouse...... Damn, don't hack Mr. Chen Fan. ”

"I'm not dark, Brother Fan's favorite thing back then was the clubhouse."

“……”

Although the topic of the hundred pulpits is big and scary.

But you can't be so serious all the time.

After all, this is a show for the public, so Chen Fan still has something to say.

And it looks pretty good.

Not only is it good.

On the contrary, Chen Fan's sudden change in style does not make everyone feel abrupt at all.

Anyway, in everyone's eyes, Chen Fan is such a person.

This makes everyone feel much more relatable.

As for whether this is true for others?

Then it depends on his creation.

Enlivening the atmosphere in the classroom, Chen Fan continued: "This ...... The name of the son of the plane is a little inappropriate, we don't know if Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, is from the plane, but he must be the chosen son. His luck was so good, he originally just rode an ox to participate in the war, and it only took more than ten years to dominate the world, so far the Eastern Han Dynasty was established. And Liu Xiu is not only powerful in fighting the world, but also quite good at governing the world. During the period when he dominated the world, there was a flourishing of Guangwu during this period. Subsequently, under the joint governance of his son and grandson, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, the world was peaceful and the people were rich, and this stage was also called the rule of Mingzhang. Until Emperor He of the Han Dynasty, under the governance of many monarchs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak, and the people of the time called it Yongyuan Zhilong. ”

However, as everyone said, there were too many famous monarchs and famous generals in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, these emperors were not very well-known. Although Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, including Emperor Han He, are also good, everyone probably does not have much interest in him. So, today I will tell you about a historian that everyone doesn't know, and who is also a very legendary historian. ”

For the historians.

Chen Fan has always liked it very much.

If there were no historians in China, then there would be no inheritance of the history of the previous life for thousands of years.

If the Chinese civilization is not inherited, then the word "Chinese" will lose its meaning.

Even.

If the Chinese civilization is not inherited, it is estimated that China will not be the great unification it is now, and it may be like Europe, fragmented.

"Historian."

"I think it's a big deal."

"Well, Mr. Chen Fan's favorite thing is the historian. Moreover, I feel that Mr. Chen Fan is from a family of historians. This historian is definitely not simple. ”

Cleared his throat.

Chen Fan continued: "This historian is called Ban Gu. ”

"Maybe everyone is not familiar with Bangu, but this is normal. Because the age is so long, many historical books and some characters have disappeared into the long river of history. What I want to tell you today is this Ban Gu, who is unknown in history. ”

"Ban Gu is the son of Ban Biao, a famous historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty. When he was alive, although he admired Mr. Tai Shi Gong very much, he admired Mr. Tai Shi Gong even more for writing the "Historical Records". But Taishi Gong was a person from the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and his historical records only ended in the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. As a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Biao inherited the will of Taishi Gong and continued to write "The Later Biography of Historical Records", but unfortunately, after 60 chapters, Ban Biao died. ”

As Ban Biao's eldest son, Ban Gu was diligent and studious, and when he grew up, in order to complete his father's will, Ban Gu continued his father's work and continued to write "Later Biography" again. However, after he carefully studied his father's biography, he felt that the content of his father's biography was not detailed enough, and the layout needed to be improved, and if it was continued, it might only become an ordinary history book. In order to write a historical classic, Ban Gu began to write the Book of Han on the basis of his father Ban Biao. ”

To say the fame of historians.

Bangu is also one of the top three in the thousands of years of Chinese history.

Of course.

This historian Bangu, his life is not just about writing history.

Chen Fan continued: "It's just that my father, Ban Biao, who was a county magistrate, died suddenly, and all of a sudden, the Ban family declined and became a commoner. Bangu had to move back to his hometown. But civilians have no status and are vulnerable to persecution by others. When he was 30 years old, someone accused him of studying national history privately. This crime is relatively large, and it is likely to be a capital crime. Because at that time, such books could not be edited privately. Immediately, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty imprisoned Ban Gu in prison. ”

At this time, the Ban family was very nervous, but at this time, Ban Gu's younger brother Ban Chao got up angrily. He decided to rush to Luoyang, Kyoto to avenge his brother Ban Gu, and Ban Chao rode his horse through Huayin and Tongguan, which caused Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty to pay attention to this case, and specially summoned Ban Chao to verify the situation. Ban Chao told Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty all the hard work of his father and brother for decades of history revision and the intention to promote "Hand", and the Fufeng County Guard also sent the confiscated manuscripts to Jingshi. Emperor Ming read the manuscript and was amazed by Bangu's talent, praised the manuscript he wrote as a marvelous work, ordered his immediate release, and summoned him to the Luoyang Imperial School Book Department in Kyoto, where he was in charge of and proofreading the imperial books. ”

I have to say.

Far from being convicted, Bangu Xiushi was blessed by it.

The students in the audience were also fascinated by what they heard.

They were very sympathetic to historians like Bangu.

Fortunately, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty was an enlightened monarch.

"Because Ban Gu's writing is very good, and he has been influenced by his father since he was a child, he has a lot of experience in compiling national history. Soon after Ban Gu was appointed to the office, he completed the "Shizu Benji", a history book that mainly describes the achievements of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty. Because Ban Gu did a very good job, Emperor Ming promoted Ban Gu's official position. Later, Ban Gu compiled the history of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as well as the Eastern Han Dynasty heroes, Pinglin, and the rebel army...... And so on. In the end, Ban Gu also studied the history of the country privately, and was finally recognized by the imperial court, and then continued to compile the "Book of Han". ”

"After the death of Emperor Ming, Emperor Zhang succeeded to the throne. Emperor Zhang of Han was also a promising monarch, and he admired Bangu's talents. Even, he took more care of Ban Gu than Emperor Ming. Therefore, Ban Gu was often brought to the palace by Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty to study with the emperor. And when there are major events in the court, they often let Bangu participate in the discussion. Until 82 A.D., it took 25 years for Bangu to finally complete the long historiographical masterpiece "Book of Han". But unfortunately, although Bangu's writing is amazing, he is a historian after all. At that time, in an environment like the Han Dynasty, it was difficult for historians to make meritorious contributions, and it was difficult to get too much promotion. So even if the emperor admired Ban Gu very much, he didn't know how to promote Ban Gu's official position. ”

"Until Emperor Zhang of Han died, Ban Gu got a chance. At that time, Emperor He of Han succeeded to the throne, but Emperor He was only 10 years old, and the entire power was in the hands of Empress Dowager Dou. As the elder brother of the Empress Dowager Dou, Dou Xian was used again. However, this Dou Xian relies on himself to be the elder brother of the Queen Mother, and his personality is very arrogant and domineering. Later, he also assassinated Liu Chang, the son of the king of Qi, and then was arrested and imprisoned. But the Empress Dowager Dou remembered the old feelings, so she asked Dou Xian to conquer the Xiongnu in the north and make meritorious contributions with the crime. ”

In fact, Dou Xian didn't just kill the son of King Qi.

Before that.

Dou Xian became the queen because of his sister, and under the recommendation of his sister from time to time, he was given the important task of Emperor Zhang of Han for a while.

For a while, Dou Xian was a little fluttering, and felt that he was not afraid of anyone in the court except for the emperor.

Even.

Because he was too arrogant, he also forcibly bought Princess Qinshui's manor at a low price.

Once Emperor Zhang's car passed by here, pointing to Yuantian, Dou Xian was speechless, not knowing how to answer, and at the same time secretly forbidding left and right not to answer. Later, Emperor Zhang of Han learned about this incident, was furious, summoned Dou Xian, and reproached him deeply. Dou Xian was very scared. In the end, it was his sister who repeatedly interceded on his behalf, and Emperor Zhang gradually became angry and ordered him to return the garden to the princess. Although he was not punished for his crime this time, Emperor Zhang did not give him any more power after that.

But after the death of Emperor Zhang of Han, Emperor He was too young, and the Dou family took power again.

It is precisely because of such a good sister that even if he kills someone, or even kills a royal family, he can still make meritorious contributions.

……

Speaking of which.

Chen Fan told everyone about the history of the Xiongnu.

During the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, Chen Tang killed Shan Yu of the Northern Xiongnu, while the Southern Xiongnu submitted to the Han Dynasty.

Later, a serious natural disaster occurred in the Southern Xiongnu, and the Southern Xiongnu were divided again and once again divided into the Northern and Southern Xiongnu.

The Southern Xiongnu were still subservient to the Han Dynasty.

The Northern Xiongnu stayed in Mobei.

Because the Western Han Dynasty was usurped by Wang Mang before, when the Eastern Han Dynasty was just established, the national strength was still unstable. Therefore, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty at that time, adopted a defensive strategy against the Northern Xiongnu. Until Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor He of the Han Dynasty, they began to attack the Northern Xiongnu again.

At this time, Dou Xian knew that he had obtained too much sin, and if he did not have great merit, he would not be able to escape death, and then he led the army to fight against the Xiongnu. At this time, although Ban Gu, who was already old, felt that this was an opportunity. Ban Gu attached himself to Dou Xian, because Ban Gu was very literary and scheming, so Dou Xian appointed Ban Gu to consult in the army. ”

"Although Dou Xian is not very good, his ability to lead soldiers is still quite strong. Of course, this is also due to the significant increase in national strength from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Ming Emperor and Emperor Zhang. And, in the past few hundred years, the Xiongnu have been beaten to the point where they don't have much combat effectiveness. Under the leadership of Dou Xian, they fought with the Northern Xiongnu in Jiluo Mountain, broke the enemy army, the enemy was scattered, and the Northern Xiongnu fled. Dou Xian's whole army pursued, and went to the fortress for more than 3,000 miles, until Ubud Sunoer Lake. In this battle, a total of more than 13,000 soldiers below the famous king were killed, more than 100,000 horses, cattle, sheep, and camels were captured, 81 people came and surrendered, and more than 200,000 people before and after. Dou Xian then climbed Yanran Mountain, carved a stone on Yanran Mountain to remember his merits, in order to promote Hande, and let Ban Gu make an inscription......"

This allusion is called "Yan Ran Le Stone".

Speaking of this, Chen Fan paused.

He knows.

When he said this, the students in the audience would inevitably exclaim.

Yes.

This scene is all too familiar, too familiar.

Isn't this the highest achievement of Huo Quai's northern attack on the Xiongnu for more than 2,000 miles during the Western Han Dynasty?

It's just more than a hundred years later.

The Han Dynasty no longer had a general like Huo Quai.

However, the strength of the Han Dynasty also did what Huo Qubing had done back then.

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