"Dominate the Central Plains, awesome, the Chu people have finally done it."

"Well, it feels very inspiring, it took more than 400 years for the Chu people to finally be recognized by the vassal states of the Central Plains."

"Tears in the frame, King Chuzhuang, a blockbuster, mighty."

At this moment, countless fans and students were excited.

But.

History does not have an eternal overlord, and the state of Chu is the same.

Chen Fan said: "After the death of Duke Qi Huan, the hegemony of the Qi State was lost. After the death of Duke Wen of Jin, the state of Chu was able to compete for hegemony. And the state of Chu also lost its position as the overlord after the death of King Chu Zhuang. ”

Speaking of this, Chen Fan paused.

Everyone couldn't help but sigh.

"Alas, it's a pity."

"Yes, the state of Chu has just become hegemonic, but as a result, King Chu Zhuang lost hegemony after his death."

"There is no pity, where there is an eternal overlord, where there is an eternal emperor."

"That's right."

Although everyone was a little emotional.

But when you think about it, it's been normal for thousands of years.

No hegemon, no dynasty, can be passed down for thousands of years.

The Qin Dynasty thought it could be passed down forever.

But what's next?

II died.

"In fact, although the state of Chu has lost its hegemony, the strength of the state of Chu is still very strong. However, here, I will not talk about Chu State first, and I will tell you about a celebrity of Chu State. ”

While speaking, Chen Fan wrote the word Li Er on the blackboard.

"Li Er, the word Dan, the Tang Dynasty was honored by the Li family as the ancestor of the Li family, he is a native of Ku County, Chu State."

Yes.

What Chen Fan wants to talk about today is Li Er, that is, Lao Tzu.

As for Lao Tzu's birthplace, there is controversy here.

It is said that Lao Tzu is a native of Chen Guo.

Some people also say that Lao Tzu is a native of the Song Dynasty.

The statement adopted by Chen Fan is that Lao Tzu is considered to be a native of Chu in the "Historical Records".

It is said that Li Er had a vision when he was born, because he was born in the Year of the Tiger, so he was nicknamed Little Fox. Because at that time, people called cats raccoons, and cats were little tigers. Therefore, in the future, the raccoon dog was also called Li'er. Li Er was very smart when he was a teenager, and once, he asked the teacher, what is heaven? The teacher replied, "The one who is heavenly is also the one who is clear above." Li Er asked again, what is the pure one above? The teacher replied, "Clearer, space also." Li Er asked again, what is above space...... As a result, the teacher asked a headache. He had to say that it was not written in the book, and no one else said it, so I didn't know either. ”

"Another time, Li Er asked the teacher, who pushed the sun, moon and stars, and who made the mountains, rivers and seas? The teacher said, "It's all God's work." Lear asked, "How can God do this?" The teacher replied again and said that God has the power to change and to create, so he can do it. But Lear was still puzzled and asked, "In that case, how did the power of God, his change, come about?" When the teacher heard this, he had a headache again, and said, The first teacher has not been passed on, and there is no record in the ancient books, so I don't know either. ”

"Another time, the teacher said that the king is the one who governs the world on behalf of the heavens, and the people are the ones who are the rulers of the king. Li Er asked, then in this case, why are there so many faint kings and tyrants? The teacher said that when you are born, you will be outside, and your destiny will not be affected. Li Er asked again, since this is the case, then why didn't God create an obedient monarch? This question, the teacher was stupid again, and said, the ancestor has not been passed on, and there is no record in the ancient books, so I don't know. ”

These three questions suddenly made everyone extremely interested in Li Er.

"Haha, this Lear, it's fun."

"Three questions directly knocked the teacher down."

"Don't say it's them, even if these problems are now, we have to faint."

Oh, yes.

As Lear asked, what is in heaven?

If we use modern science to elaborate, above the sky, that is, there is the solar system.

And what about above the solar system?

Or you would say the Milky Way.

And what about beyond the Milky Way?

Is that the Home Cluster?

What about the top of the galaxy cluster?

You would say the universe.

All right.

What about the universe?

As a result, there is no solution.

The second question, the sun, moon and stars, mountains, rivers and seas, who created this?

This question is probably another unknown question.

Because until now, scientists have not figured out how our earth and our universe were formed.

As for the third question, it is clearly an opposition to the divine right of kings.

If the monarchy is really God-granted, then the monarch should be very powerful, how can there be a faint monarch and tyrant?

God should have created a ruler who was incomparably bullish.

"Feel like Lear is a philosopher?"

"Well, Teacher Chen Fan talks about Li Er alone, this guy is definitely not simple."

Everyone continued to listen to Chen Fan's story.

Chen Fan continued: "Because he didn't understand too many questions, some of his teachers couldn't answer them. Therefore, Li Er went to the Zhou Dynasty to study. Because he felt that the Zhou Dynasty was the source of all the learning in the world. If you want to understand the knowledge of this world, and if you want to understand the truth of this world, you can only go to Zhoudu. ”

After going to the Zhou capital, Li Er studied a series of books and became the history of the Zhou Dynasty's Tibetan Library, which is equivalent to the current librarian. This position is not very high, but the advantage is that he can read all the books of the Zhou Dynasty. In this way, Li Er read countless books and unconsciously became a great sage.

Once Li Er went to Lu State, the 17-year-old Confucius heard that Li Er was coming, so he took the disciple to greet Li Er. After the age of 26, Confucius came to the Zhou Dynasty for sightseeing and visited Li Er again. At the age of 51, Confucius was already famous all over the world, but he still went to Li Er's hometown to ask Li Er about learning. In addition, Confucius also commented on Li Er to his disciples and said, "Birds, I know that they can fly; Fish, I know they can swim; Beast, I know it can go. The walker can be reckless, the traveler can be the lun, and the flyer can be the flyer. As for the dragon, I don't know, but it rode the storm to the sky. I see Lao Tzu today, and he is like a dragon and an evil ......"

Li Erli is not powerful, how much level he has, it may be difficult for you to tell for a while.

But.

When Chen Fan mentioned Confucius at this time, everyone had a new understanding of Li Er.

"I'll go, this Li Er is too hanging."

"Confucius respected Li Er as a teacher, and I am afraid that none of the hundreds of schools of thought is so awesome."

The crowd was amazed.

Actually, it's true.

Among the hundred schools of thought, there are many schools of thought that do not entertain each other.

For example, Confucius's Confucianism, under the circumstances at that time, there were a large number of princes who had opinions about Confucius.

Arguably.

The founder of Confucianism had such respect for Li Er, which was rare among the hundred schools of thought.

While saying.

Chen Fan showed a picture on the big screen: "This is a picture of Confucius greeting the courtesy." ”

Confucius once greeted Li Er with a salute, and Confucius said that the princes of the world are in turmoil because of the collapse of etiquette. If the weekly rites are restored, then the world will be stable. After Confucius finished speaking, he thought that Li Er would agree with his statement, because Confucius had been in the Zhou Dynasty before, and he also supported Zhou Li, so it can be said that Li Er is the one who knows the most about Zhou Li in the world. However, this time Confucius said the courtesy again, but Lao Tzu shook his head and said. The rite is just a surface, and the Zhou rite set by the Zhou Dynasty has completely collapsed, and it is impossible to establish it again. Even if it were to be set up again, it would not be of much use. As for the reason, it is not that the etiquette has collapsed, but that the world has lost its morality and morality. Without Tao and virtue, there is no etiquette. ”

Li Er's answer made a group of students and fans have a huge impulse.

Because for many people, they have studied Confucianism since childhood.

As for what Confucius said about the restoration of the Zhou rites, in fact, they originally agreed with it.

As Confucius said.

Why the Spring and Autumn Warring States were so chaotic was because of the princely states of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and everyone lost their courtesy.

If the ceremony is restored, it is equivalent to restoring the prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty.

If everyone had been so polite, there would be no discord now.

But.

Li Er's words were shocked.

Etiquette is just a gesture, what everyone really loses is not etiquette, but Tao and morality.

The impact on everyone is huge.

"Tao and Virtue?"

"This, brothers, do you think what Li Er said is right?"

"I don't know."

Quite a few shook their heads.

But although he shook his head, there was no problem with the logic that Li Er said.

It seems that the salute is really a gesture.

What's the use of your forcible restoration?

The collapse of etiquette is not that everyone does not abide by etiquette, but that everyone has lost the Tao and lost morality.

They have already regarded the weekly rites as nothing, so what is the use of reinstating them?

In fact.

Regarding the rites mentioned by Confucius, there were a series of princes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period at that time who were clearly opposed.

For example, Yanzi.

[Confucius went to Qi and met Qi Jinggong through Gao Zhaozi. Qi Jinggong asked Confucius how to govern, and Confucius said that the king should be like the king, the courtier should be like the courtier, the father should be like the father, and the son should be like the son. Jing Gong said: Well spoken! If a true king is not like a king, a courtier is not like a courtier, a father is not like a father, and a son is not like a son, how can I eat even if there is food! Another day, Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said: Politics is to save money. Jing Gong was very happy and was about to give Confucius the land of Nixi.

At this time, Yan Ying said: These Confucians can speak well and argue, and cannot be regulated by the law; arrogant and self-righteous, and cannot appoint them to educate the people; Advocating funerals to mourn and burying the dead at the expense of property, this should not be a custom; Lobbying and begging for loans, you can't govern the country by this. Since the death of the sage and the decline of the Zhou Dynasty's royal family, the ritual music has been incomplete for a long time. Nowadays, Confucius dressed up and laid down the etiquette of respect and humility, and the moderation of gestures, and could not exhaust the knowledge in it for successive generations, and could not learn his etiquette and music from childhood to old age. The monarch intends to use this set to reform the customs of the Qi country, which is probably not a good way to guide the small people. After that, although Qi Jinggong respectfully received Confucius, he no longer asked about etiquette. Later, Confucius saw Qi Jinggong again, and Qi Jinggong said, I'm too old to use you. After hearing this, Confucius sensed that the state of Qi was in danger, so he left the state of Qi. 】

It should be able to say.

What Yan Zi said is the simple version of what Lao Tzu said.

The Zhou rites were too cumbersome, not only the kings and generals didn't want to abide by it, but even some ordinary people didn't want to obey it. Moreover, the weekly rites have been incomplete for a long time, and then formulating these etiquettes will not only have no effect, but will also be counterproductive.

"Teacher Chen Fan, since Li Er does not approve of Confucius's restoration of Zhou rites. So, what should he use to rule the world? ”

Some students feel that what Li Er said makes sense.

But.

If you just deny Confucius's Zhou etiquette, and you don't come up with any other feasible way, then it's useless.

For this.

Chen Fan naturally understands the doubts of some students.

After all.

Confucius's Confucianism has been passed down for thousands of years, and he has taken deep roots.

If you want to deny Confucius, basically a lot of people have opinions.

Of course.

Chen Fan is not denying Confucius.

Chen Fan believes that Confucianism, represented by Confucius, also has a certain truth in governing the country.

Otherwise.

It is impossible for the Han Dynasty to depose the hundred schools and respect Confucianism alone.

It's just that there are hundreds of schools, and each one has a different idea.

Especially in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, everyone's thinking was not completely unified, and a series of ideas were contending with each other.

Not to mention Confucianism, it is impossible for any school of thought to be recognized by everyone.

And really to say.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism was not really suitable for the governance of various countries.

So.

Although Confucius was very famous, he did not mix well in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

"Don't worry, I'll explain to you slowly."

Chen Fan did not answer directly at once, but continued to talk about Lao Tzu: "In 485 BC, Li Er saw that the Zhou Dynasty was declining more and more, and at the same time, he himself began to question the Zhou rites. In addition, because he had read enough books, Li Er had his own concept of governing the world and the world. Immediately, Li Er left the Zhou Dynasty, and he prepared to leave his homeland and travel all over the world. When Li Er came to Hangu Pass and prepared to leave the pass. Yin Xi, the prefect of the Hansan Valley Pass, admired Li Er very much, so he invited Li Er to a banquet. But when he heard that Li Er was going to go out of the pass, he felt extremely pity. He had an idea and thought of a way to keep Lear behind. Yin Xi said, Mr. can go out of the customs, but it may be very difficult for the world to meet you again after leaving the customs, so why not write a book at this time and leave your research and ideas behind. After Li Er heard this, he stayed in Hangu Pass for a few days, and after a few days, he handed Yin Xi a 5,000-word book, and then, Li Er rode the green ox and left. ”

"Teacher Chen Fan, what is the name of this 5,000-word work?"

"It's called the Tao Te Ching."

There are two versions of the Tao Te Ching.

One is the Book of Virtues, and the other is the Book of Virtues.

After the Han Dynasty respected Confucianism alone, Taoist metaphysics gained the upper hand, so the Taoist scriptures were put in front.

In the end, it was handed down and became the Tao Te Ching.

After speaking.

On the big screen, the first paragraph of the Tao Te Ching flashed: "Tao is the way, the Tao is the way, the name is famous, the name is famous, the name is ......"

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