Because there are many students in Lantai, Qu Yuan doesn't know them yet, but after the apprenticeship yesterday, he already felt different from the school he usually went to.

People who are close to the virtuous will always get better and better, I thought that I still felt good about myself when I tried to learn from the palace, but when I came to Lantai, I found that there were still talents in Chu State, and I was too ugly in the past.

Thinking of the way back from the palace on the day, I was so stunned that I wanted to arrange for him to go to Chen Ping's side to help, first to sort out the book and annotate the contents of it, and then to give a lecture in Chen Ping.

Later, Qu Yuan learned from Jing Li, Zhao Yu, Chen Xiang and others that the crown prince Xiong Huai was also among the disciples of Master Chu, who was a veritable teacher of the East Palace. The second is Chen Ping, who was listed as a doctor in the Jixia School in his early years, and can be ranked with Meng Ke and Zhuang Zhou, and the true biography of Confucius is omniscient.

But it was clear that Qu Yuan was still listening to the debate of the master the day before, but he didn't know who the prince was. However, the master said that it was really wonderful, and after the end, he recorded and sorted it out for a long time, so he didn't care about meeting his new classmates.

Chen Xiang told Qu Yuan: Master Chu has always advocated emphasizing "potential" and "ruling by inaction".

Who is Chen Xiang? Laughing and groaning, like a beautiful boy in white clothes in the turbid world, with a special demeanor, hearty and clear, and a good-looking beauty tip on his forehead when he laughs, the kind of beauty that ignores gender, as if he is descending from the earth.

And cautious enough to compare the monarch and power to the dragon and the cloud in the class, respectively, the dragon can fly high with the cloud, if the cloud dissipates, the dragon is the earthworm on the ground. If you have power, even if you are as mediocre and brutal as Xia Wei, the order can be executed, that is, "the order is done, and the prohibition is stopped".

The emphasis on "power" is to attach importance to the law, and only when the monarch has the power can he ensure the implementation of the law.

If there is no power, even if he is as virtuous as Yao, the people will not obey orders. Therefore, it is prudent to oppose the "rule by virtue" advocated by Confucianism, believing that it is impossible to implement the law, and there will be many drawbacks.

When he talked about the rule of inaction, that is, "the way of the monarch and the minister: the minister does everything and the king has nothing to do", that is, the monarch should not do specific work, and the specific work should be "judged by the law", and let the ministers do it as much as possible, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of the subordinates and give full play to their talents, so that "the subordinates can be different", and they can be "used by the superiors", so as to achieve the goal of "nothing can be cured".

Later, he had a deep understanding of the people, "The person who dies is not the sin of one person, and the ruler of the country is not the power of one person", if the king only relies on his own strength, he must not be able to do all aspects of things well.

Because "the wisdom of the king is not necessarily the most virtuous among the people", even if "the wisdom of the king is the most virtuous", it is bound to be exhausted and overwhelmed. Moreover, if the monarch must bow down to everything and go to "do good" alone, his subordinates will not dare to compete for "goodness", and will even "keep his knowledge private" and refuse to contribute.

And this is the "way of chaos and rebellion", it is the "transposition of monarchs and ministers", and it is impossible for the country not to be chaotic. In terms of the rule of inaction, prudence and Shen do not harm the proposition are similar, but the perspective of the discussion is different.

Therefore, he believes that if the monarch does everything himself, he will not only be exhausted, but will also make the ministers watch and not actively do things, and once there is a mistake, the ministers will put the responsibility on the monarch, and the intensification of the contradiction between the monarch and the minister will even lead to rebellion and usurpation.

The rule of man or the rule of law was the focus of pre-Qin political thought, and prudent also clearly pointed out that the rule of man is the greatest "private", and the principle of prudent legislation is the socialization of his philosophical thoughts.

It is a principle that legislation should follow the good interests of human nature. However, the law cannot satisfy all private interests, and another criterion for prudence is to "establish the public and eliminate the private." "Gong" has a general meaning and is higher than the interests of the monarch. In order to ensure that people can "establish the public and go private" and abide by the law, it is prudent to put forward the concept of "separation", that is, to distinguish duties and responsibilities, and not to exceed them. In this way, all subjects are divided into specific individuals by the law, and the "law" is the only link that facilitates the control of the monarch and is conducive to the stability of society.

Among the representatives of the Legalists of the pre-Qin period, Shen Dao, Shen Bu Harm, and Shang Ying respectively attached importance to "potential", "technique", and "law", but they all put forward different views on the basis of advocating the rule of law. "Potential" mainly refers to power, and it is prudent to believe that if the monarch wants to implement the rule of law, he must attach importance to power so that it can be prohibited.

Chen Xiang said: "The way of heaven is big, the cause is fine, and the cause is also because of the affection of people." People can't do it themselves, and if they make it me, they can't get it and use it" ("Shenzi Yinxun") [It means that if you let it be natural, everything will prosper, and if you turn it into a change, things will not be useful. This is true in nature, and it is also true in society. 】

He also said in it: "The people are mixed and each has its own ability, and those who can do it are different, and the feelings of the people are also." The monarch, the Taisu, and the subordinate. The lower ones are different, and the upper ones are also used. It is based on the power of the people to take the king's wealth as a resource, and to do everything he can, and to take nothing from it. Therefore, there is no one party to seek from others, so there is no shortage of those who ask. The Maharaja does not choose his subordinates, so he is enough. If you don't choose the next, it is easy to get down. Easy is not tolerated. Don't let go too much, and too much is too high. "The Child. Miscellaneous People

"Because the people's ability is the asset, everything is included and the animal is not taken", that is, when governing the people, we should also use their ability, do not take partially, and take something, so that we can be rich.

On the other hand, it is necessary to emphasize the law and the potential again. Law is law and regulation, and power is power.

The two go hand in hand. The potential is the premise, and the law is the means. Shen Zhi thinks: "If the king bows to the law, the matter will be judged by the law" ("Shenzi Junren").

He also said: "The flying dragon rides the clouds, and the snake swims in the fog." The clouds are full of fog, and the dragon and snake are in the same place, and they lose their ride. [The reason why the dragon snake soars into the sky is mainly due to the power of the clouds, once the clouds and mist disappear, the dragon snake will be like the earthworms on the ground, doing nothing, because they have lost the momentum they rely on to fly. In the same way, without power, a wise and virtuous monarch like Yao could not govern even three ordinary people; And with power, people like the dumb and mediocre can cause chaos in the world. 】

Chen Xiang had been in Lantai for many years, of course he knew all the students here, and he had already heard about Qu Yuan. Chen Xiang introduced himself very enthusiastically, and also said that the gentlemen who lectured for them were mainly Su Dao and Chen Ping, and they were the Confucians and Taoists they chose.

And the other who choose the Legalists, the Mo Family, the Peasant Family, and the Soldier Family, of course, there are other gentlemen who are good at these.

(Confucius said that "there are 3,000 disciples and 72 sages.") Confucius died in the late Spring and Autumn Period (479 BC). His disciples spread his teachings, forming the Eight Schools of Confucianism during the Warring States period. According to "Han Feizi Xianxue": "Since the death of Confucius, there are Confucianism of Zizhang, Confucianism of Zisi, Confucianism of Yan, Confucianism of Meng, Confucianism of Qidiao, Confucianism of Zhongliang, Confucianism of Sun, and Confucianism of Lezheng. Among them, the Zhongliang faction, according to Liang Qichao's speculation in "The History of Pre-Qin Political Thought",)