Chapter 668: The boiler is tested
Seeing this situation, Li Zhao also smiled, this matter was basically completed, Li Zhao gave this idea back then, but nine times out of ten, the other party did not pay attention to it, otherwise this person would not be so unfamiliar with the simulation research of the institute. It can be seen from here that they really haven't paid much attention to these, and now it's different, something that such a backward country is willing to devote itself to researching is obviously very useful.
It's just that this project is a bit out of place in this era, why do you say that, it is because the level of science and technology and the level of manufacturing industry in this era are too low, it is said that the glass used in a large area, in the future, a square meter of five millimeters of glass is only about 15 yuan, but this era needs 28 yuan, and this price is still in short supply, and now the 998 factory can be used on a large scale, or because the factory produces its own glass.
What is the concept of such a price, you know? According to the purchasing power conversion, the price of glass is almost a hundred times that of the future, and the price of the same steel is about five times that of the future, and the price of lamps is generally more than ten times the price, so the construction of such a project in this era is more than one or twenty times the cost of the future, which is not suitable for large-scale development at all, and now these people are hoping that Da Mao can build on a large scale.
Of course, the construction cost in a country like Da Mao, if it is acceptable, then the operating cost will also make Da Mao feel the pain, first of all, due to their long winter, if you want to use it in winter, then first of all, it is a thermal insulation problem, the best insulation material is actually foam, but the price of this era.
In this case, the use of plastic warmth, the cost per mu, according to the purchasing power, is estimated to reach more than 30 times the future, and the operating cost, first of all, electricity, the electricity cost per mu is more than 1,000 yuan, and if you count the winter insulation costs, water pumps, air pumps, etc., for Da Mao is estimated to be about 2,000 yuan per year, almost 1,000 rubles per mu, if there is a million mu? That's a billion rubles per year.
It should not be lower than the price of the crops produced, after all, domestic crops are generally two cents a catty, calculated at 30,000 catties, but 600 yuan, fish according to 150,000 catties, three cents per catty, is 4,500 yuan, and the general feed will probably need about three times, that is, about 50,000 catties, because there will be a part of the grain, about five cents a catty, that is, 2,500 yuan, after deducting all expenses, the profit is at most 2,000.
If Da Mao operates, then it can be seen that one million mu will be subsidized at least 500 million rubles, according to Da Mao's population of about 250 million, if you want to benefit all the people, you will probably need more than 10 million mu of greenhouses, not to mention how much investment, it is estimated that the annual subsidy will not be less than 5 billion rubles, of course, the price can also be increased. It's just that if the price is too expensive, obviously it is impossible for the people to buy it, and who will buy it in large quantities when they can't afford it?
Just like an ordinary family, with a monthly income of 20,000 yuan, they won't care much if they eat three or five yuan a pound of green vegetables, but if the price of green vegetables reaches thirty-fifty-one pounds, are they still willing to buy them every day? Obviously, it is impossible to buy a large number of vegetables, according to the general situation, a family needs 100 catties of vegetables every month, and this alone will cost 35,000 yuan, isn't the cost of living too high?
And for Da Mao will be this situation, good things are good things, but it must be at the right time, if in the country after 60 years, such an investment is definitely blood-earned, no other as long as it is close to the large market, such as several major central cities, as long as it is within 100 kilometers, the construction of such a large multi-story glass greenhouse, not to mention much, it is still possible to earn about 300,000 per mu of land every year, of course, the investment is also very large.
Under such circumstances, after Li Zhao accompanied everyone back to the Agricultural Research Institute, he did not attend their exchange meetings and receptions, and went back directly to continue to work on his affairs. Now is the busiest time for him, after all, the generator is being assembled, and some simple tests need to be carried out in the factory.
Soon Li Zhao came to the heavy equipment manufacturing plant, which is already preparing for various tests, the most important test object is the boiler, in fact, the generator design is good, half of the effort is on the boiler, and the steam turbine can only account for three percent, and the last two percent is the generator. After all, only the boiler is under pressure
The largest part basically needs to withstand a pressure of about 20 megapascals and a temperature of more than 500 degrees.
If Li Zhao hadn't just brought the future metal formula, and there were pressure-resistant alloys that could be used in the reactor, it would have been difficult for Li Zhao to solve this boiler problem, and Li Zhao was also very careful, and he didn't come up to challenge supercritical and ultra-supercritical, but just tested the pressure and temperature of criticality.
Now it is time to test, the first thing is whether the capacity of the boiler can meet the design requirements, this kind of large boiler and our conventional boiler is essentially different. In the conventional sense, a boiler is a place where a fire is burned, and then a tank on it is good to put water, but the boiler used for large generator sets is different, Li Zhao uses a pressurized circulating fluidized bed boiler commonly used on large generator sets.
In fact, this is not a boiler at all, but a complex system, which can be roughly divided into boiler steam system and flue gas system, and the two systems in addition to ensuring the temperature and pressure of steam, are more about the recovery of various waste heat. This is the key to saving coal, just like the flue gas, before it is discharged, it will go through several preheated boilers to ensure that the final exhaust flue gas temperature is only a few tens of degrees, so that the heat energy can be fully utilized.
These preheating systems are basically three rounds of preheating of the air and water entering the boiler, and finally ensure that the temperature of the water and wind entering the boiler can reach hundreds of degrees, and when entering the boiler, there will be no significant cooling of the combustion chamber or boiler, so as to ensure the efficient operation of the boiler.
It is important to know that if such a utilization is not carried out, the temperature of the exhaust flue gas may be several hundred degrees, which will cause serious waste, and with such a series of preheating links to recover heat, coal can be saved. Of course, this utilization rate is also limited, and then saving can only increase the utilization rate to 40% at most, which is also the eternal pain of thermal power plants, after all, most of the heat generated by combustion is wasted.
Today's test is mainly to carry out the boiler can operate normally, and at the same time to check whether the pressure, temperature and flow of steam meet the design requirements, if not, then you need to find a way to modify the design as soon as possible, and this time is still very urgent, if it can not be completed in time, it will affect the construction of the power plant.
However, in general, Li Zhao is still relatively sure, without him, when he was designing, because he did not dare to guarantee the performance of the boiler, he left a margin when designing. In terms of pressure, in fact, under normal circumstances, there will be a margin of 20%, that is, the use pressure is 20 megapascals, so the maximum design pressure must be at least 24 megapascals, otherwise it will be prone to accidents.
Just say a simple example, when burning coal, in fact, the quality of the coal added will be different, and the amount of coal injection system obviously will not be much different, in this case, if the carbon content rises by three points and falls by three points, there will be a significant difference in the combustion value, which will lead to a more obvious change in pressure.
Obviously, this is unlikely, so in the process of using the boiler, the pressure will fluctuate, generally fluctuating a few points, it is very easy to appear, in this case, it is obviously inappropriate not to set a margin for the boiler, but the margin left by Li Zhao is a bit large, reaching 50 percent, that is, the maximum pressure, it is estimated that it can reach 50 megapascals, and the heating capacity of the boiler has also been enhanced accordingly.
Although the design is 20 megapascal pressure, the real supply pressure should be able to reach 25 megapascals, and similarly, the steam turbine and generator set have corresponding margins, after all, the first design, it is better to be stable.
With the completion of the boiler installation, the test also began, this test was not connected to the steam turbine, after all, the steam turbine is not connected to the stator, the load is not much, if it is directly connected, it is estimated that it can turn and fly, maybe it will directly burn the bearings and the like, the reason is also very simple, in the case of no load, the speed will definitely be seriously overspeeded, and now it will be directly tested with a specially designed flow meter.
Soon the heating started with the operation of the boiler the pressure and temperature also rose quickly li zhao stared at the instrument and was still very satisfied with the heating speed li zhao Ben met the requirements of the design, and soon the temperature and pressure reached the design requirements, and the value of the specially designed flowmeter also met the design requirements of Li Zhao, 250 kilograms per second, this amount is very large, and this is just the beginning.
As Li Zhao began to ask for higher indicators, the pressure, temperature and flow began to rise, and soon reached 120% of the design index, after reaching this index, Li Zhao began to make the boiler run stably, and this pressure and temperature have been in a supercritical state.