Chapter 107: Agriculture
After properly placing Mehmed II, Constantine returned to Constantinople with Louis and others.
As soon as he returned to Constantinople, Constantine immediately convened a royal council, which was the first in a hundred years to be attended by a large number of people and a large number of participants, with more than 1,000 participants from the cabinet ministries, the governors of the four major provinces, five central justices, magistrates, judges' assistants, patriarchs of Constantinople and Antioch, representatives of local nobles, workers' guilds, peasants' representatives, merchants' representatives, humanists, etc., with more than 1,000 participants, which can be said to be a meeting that influenced the development of the empire.
At this meeting, Constantine will listen to the opinions of all sectors of society, prescribe policies that are beneficial to the development of the country, and issue edicts on the spot on some urgent matters, which will obviously be of great benefit to the development of the country.
Of course, so many people can't get together at one time to put forward opinions, and gossiping is not very beneficial to understanding the end of the matter, and it is difficult to understand the truth of the matter, so Constantine appeared in front of all the staff on the first day of the conference, and the rest of the delegates came to meet Constantine one by one.
On this day, Constantine met with the peasant representatives, the peasant representatives here are not illiterate, thanks to the Romans' keen on education, the Greeks' education level is generally not low, during the Council of Nicaea in history, a Western European traveler to the Byzantine Empire, when shopping in the store, the boss's first sentence is not about goods, but to explain to the traveler his views on the Son and the Father, which shows the popularity of education.
In the Golden Hall, the peasant representatives were gushing in front of their emperor,
"Your Majesty, the biggest problem in the countryside now is stability, and a stable environment can bring opportunities for the development of agriculture.
Our agricultural products cannot be sold, and the merchants are reluctant to come to do business, because the times are unstable, even if the goods are transshipped, no one can afford our agricultural and animal husbandry products, these products are in large quantities, and a simple point cannot produce great profits, and the merchants are more willing to resell the Persian gems and the Arabs' horses. β
Constantine listened intently, Laszlo and Louis sat in the back, taking the responsibility of the clerk, and put pen to paper, recording the conversation between Constantine and the delegates,
"Stable... The empire will re-establish order in full swing, you don't have to worry, I've learned about this, is there anything else? β
In the land of Anatolia, due to the dominance of nomadic herders, even if they settled, because the land in Anatolia is limited in suitable places for farming, many people still rely on nomadic life, and due to their migratory characteristics, the stability of nomads is the worst, coupled with the MSL dervishes, Christian pilgrims, wanderers, robbers, and robbers who pass through here, it is conceivable that Constantine's energy will be diverted to this aspect.
"There is also the problem of ploughing cattle, we don't have a lot of ploughing cattle, the Ottomans forced us to raise horses, we have a lot of horses, but ploughing cattle have been..."
The most important thing in arable land is animal power and tillage tools, the invention of the Saxon wheel plough in the eleventh century brought an agricultural scientific and technological revolution to the whole of Europe, this heavy plough is more labor-saving than the Roman light plow, and is more adapted to the soil conditions of northwest Europe, after the invention of the Saxon wheel plow, the number of arable land in the whole Europe has skyrocketed, and the population has also increased, especially in France, and has also laid the foundation for the European hegemony of France.
"Well, the problem of ploughing cattle, let's use the horses of the Ottomans, and distribute all the horses confiscated from the Ottoman government to the people, instead of a part of the ploughing cattle, and there is still a shortage of seeds in the countryside?"
"There is a gap, but not much."
The representative responded that grain is the most important thing for a peasant, and some people can't eat grain even if they starve to death, unless you are the last person in your family, the direct reason for the wandering of the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang is that the Yuan soldiers robbed the grain of the Zhu family, and there is really no hope of living, so Zhu Yuanzhang went to the temple to beg for a living.
In terms of the living conditions of the people at the bottom, both the East and the West are similar, but they are slightly different because of the difference in products, but the most basic grain, farming tools, livestock, land, etc., which must be used by every peasant, many people in China do not understand the West, so they deify or demonize Westerners, such a mentality should not exist.
"Well, if there is a gap, the government will fill it, in the countryside, you know better than me, Emperor Theodor I said, as long as you devote yourself to management, then whether it is in the farmland, pasture, or orchard, workshop, you will get a good harvest and make good profits, I hope we can all do this."
"The irrigation of farmland requires water, and the countryside can dig canals appropriately, and in this regard, according to your respective conditions, after consultation with the local government, short-range canals can be built by themselves, and if you need anything, you can report the situation to the government, and the government will try to make up for it, and the empire will reduce taxes in some areas as appropriate, so as to promote the development of the agricultural economy,
In addition to livestock, there must be very few farming tools in the countryside, so let me ask Your Excellency to coordinate the blacksmith workshops across the country, first make some farming tools, do not affect the sowing, but the number of farming tools will definitely not be too much, and when the time comes, under the arrangement of the local government, the farming tools will be used in turn, and try not to delay the agricultural time. β
"Your Majesty, I am grateful."
The peasant representatives in the hall were very excited, knelt down and bowed to Constantine, for the peasants, the agricultural tools were so important, before the eleventh century, the peasants did not even have hoes to plough the land, and could only rely on their own hands to fight with nature, and later after the reform of iron-smelting technology, the production of iron increased significantly, and the number of agricultural tools began to slowly increase.
"Laszlo, Louis, can you write down what I said?"
Constantine looked back at the two, and the two quickly stood up,
"It has been fully recorded, and His Majesty can read it at any time."
"Well, hand these over to the cabinet, and the cabinet will do it immediately, without delay."
"As you commanded, Your Majesty."
The peasant delegates left the Golden Hall satisfied, and today's meeting officially came to an end.
After the meeting, Constantine walked in the royal gardens, accompanied by LaszlΓ³ and Louis.
"Laszlo, what do you think of today's meeting?"
The three of them chatted, and suddenly talked about the results of today's meeting, Laszlo muttered for a while,
"I think this is very good, Your Majesty, this will certainly greatly stimulate the enthusiasm of the peasants, but I have a question, you don't seem to have made arrangements for the sale of agricultural and animal husbandry products?"
Indeed, in the eyes of ordinary people, this seems to be a bit careless, no matter how many agricultural and animal husbandry products you produce, they cannot be sold in the peasants' warehouses, which is a fatal situation for the peasants, even if they can be self-absorbed by the rural bazaars in the short term, but in the long run, for some areas of the empire that do not produce much grain or other products, such a situation is somewhat fatal.
"Louie, what do you think?"
Constantine did not respond to Laszlo, smiled slightly, and he looked at Louis again,
"The situation of business activities is complicated, not only domestic but also foreign to consider, maybe we also have to take care of the opinions of the domestic aristocracy?"
Constantine shook his head, chuckled, and paced,
"In the Balkans recovered in the early days of the empire, winemaking has developed in some places, local vineyards are very developed, such areas should need to import food supplies from other places, and the textile industry, that is, the production of raw silk in some areas, is gradually increasing, and these regions have poor grain production capacity and need to be supported by the empire, and my concern is that if the commercial policy of the empire is well known to the people, I am afraid that the number of people who devote themselves to these two industries will increase greatly, and it will inevitably crowd out the area of arable land, and the country is based on agriculture, like trees, The roots are long and the wood is long; Like a river, the country should be based on agriculture, supplemented by commerce, money is a symbol of the status of ordinary people, but for a monarch, the strength of the country is, money is not very important. β
The two suddenly fell into deep thought, in this era, commerce and agriculture are very important in Europe, due to the large number of countries, if you have enough money, the military strength of the country can be supported by mercenaries, not to mention loyalty, and therefore, even a simple commercial country or city can also be mixed, the Hanseatic League is a good example, at the peak of the Hanseatic League, punching Denmark, kicking England, holding the hair in one hand, and daring to hang the French king, but these are all paper tigers, After France emerged from the quagmire of the Hundred Years' War, the Hanseatic League did not dare to speak out against the French king anymore.
But Constantine has been keenly aware of the disadvantages of this model, only under peaceful conditions can business activities be carried out well, few people are willing to go to a war-torn country to do business, which means that a commercial country must be very aggressive, at the same time, when oppressed by foreign powers, commercial activities are easy to terminate, then the blow to such a country is very large,
And agriculture-oriented, at the very least, there is no need to worry about the food problem, and now the people, as long as they are full, no, it can even be said that as long as there is a stutter, few people will choose to kill officials and rebel, and agriculture is also the basis of centralized power, it is impossible for a commercial country to centralize power, commercial activities are not a country's business, even if you can manage the uncle in the country, you can't control outsiders.
"That's... Your Majesty, what should we do? β
Laszlo was bold and asked questions if he didn't understand, which was what Constantine often taught him.
"To put it simply, the implementation of a system of cultivated land in the main grain-producing areas of the empire, such as Asia Minor, and the mandatory amount of arable land, in addition to financial subsidies for the grain-producing areas, and the preferential policies of the empire on agriculture are given priority to the grain-producing plots, which may greatly stimulate the grain production of the empire."
Constantine touched Laszlo's head and patted Louis on the shoulder, which was a good lesson for the two of them.