If you are not afraid of not knowing the goods, you are afraid of comparing goods.

After visiting the steel mill and arsenal at the same time, Zhu Shucai found that in the past six months, it was the steel mill, the concentrator and the magnetic research institute behind it that had made the fastest progress.

After all, the quality and stability of steel in Ma'anshan have been significantly improved, and the adverse effects of the high sulfur content of ore and coal raw materials have been completely suppressed after just over a year of running-in.

The follow-up problem is just to reduce costs and increase efficiency - that is, how to spend less money, achieve the same effect, and reduce the waste of energy consumption.

In contrast, on the side of the Institute of Mechanophysics, there is no theoretical progress, just stupidly piling up experimental data, and I can't see what ideas the person in charge has for experimental design.

The idea of rifling design is also that Zhu Shuren dials and moves by himself, and the people below are only responsible for piling up manual work.

"The steel mill is doing a good job, better than the arsenal. Raw materials in addition to miscellaneous progress, this year to reward, tomorrow will focus on the mineral processing research institute to take a look. ”

After leaving the Ma'anshan Arsenal, after taking stock of what he had seen and heard all day today, Zhu Shuren gave his orders.

When Gu Yanwu heard this, he immediately explained the points next to him: "Sure enough, I heard that the research institute is occasionally personally mentioned by the governor of Huguangfang, and he takes time to come over for a month or two every year.

Governor Fang also sent some of his confidant researchers to come here for a stay, and also found relatives and assistants to stay here to help him sort out the data and manuscripts and improve his "Physics" writing. ”

When Zhu Shuren heard this, it suddenly dawned on him that the arsenal mainly relied on craftsmen who had no theoretical foundation to explore by themselves, and behind the steel mill and research institute, there was still Fang Yizhi who was helping him take time to worry.

Although Fang Yizhi has a certain gap with Western scientists of the same period, and has not received an education in systematic logic, he still has an advantage in terms of breadth and breadth, and he can more or less touch the bypass.

Zhu Shuren rubbed his temples: "Physics? Brother Fang finally started writing "Physics"? Oh, Lone said that he actually started writing "Physics", this thing is not easy to write, don't write and write, and finally it became a pure naturalist work.

Although Brother Fang is very knowledgeable in this area, he still loses the theory and is not systematic enough, and it is too piecemeal. If he really wants to write, when Zheng Chenggong goes to fight at the end of the year, I ask him to catch more Hongyi prisoners.

When the time comes, send a boat back and bring a letter to the Hongyi consul, and ask them to hand over Descartes in exchange for all the soldiers and East India Company employees who were captured in the Great Commander, otherwise we will shoot all the prisoners. ”

For Fang Yizhi's famous works in history, Zhu Shuren is still a little looking forward to it.

Originally, he was worried that Fang Yizhi's career would be smooth in this life, so he lost everything he said in Shuli, which was also a loss in the history of science and technology.

Now that I heard that he can still be a little distracted from writing, of course Zhu Shuren wants to support it.

Zheng Chenggong hasn't laid down the big army yet, but Zhu Shuren has already thought clearly about the purpose of the Dutch prisoners.

It's a pity that Descartes is already old now, and it won't take a few years.

It's not that Zhu Shuren didn't think about Newton, but Newton is still a three-year-old child, and he has just entered the state of fertilized eggs when he comes to Bunnitz.

Therefore, we can only try to leave an introduction first, and we should use Descartes' golden bones to promote the Ming Dynasty's thirsty posture to Western scientific and technological talents.

In this era, many talents who are interested in scientific research in the West are still in a very bad situation, the main reason is that the Thirty Years' War has not completely ended, and the persecution attitude of Catholic countries towards scientific research is very severe.

Descartes couldn't stay in France when he was young, and his situation was not even much better than that of Copernicus a few decades ago, so he had to live in the Netherlands, who made France a Catholic country.

According to the normal development of history, in the next hundred years, Western science and technology will also develop rapidly mainly in Protestant countries such as the Netherlands, Britain and North Germany, because Protestant countries do not have a strong church force to kill scientists.

France, Italy, Austria, and Spain, the four famous traditional powers of Catholicism, are still a scientific research desert for nearly a hundred years. It was not until a few decades before the death of the first industrial song, that he found that his national power had been thrown too far by Britain and the Netherlands, and he was forced to turn it around.

Therefore, now that it is 1645, if we can take advantage of 1648, before the end of the Thirty Years of Religious Wars in Europe, to spread some news to the West that "the Ming Dynasty in the East has no religious persecution of science at all, and it is also allowed to freely choose beliefs, and study whatever you want without interfering with beliefs", and with heavy remuneration, you may be able to dig up a considerable part of the seeds of European science.

Under the elimination of one and the other, no matter how you look at it, it is explosive, and this matter must be taken seriously.

……

After some investigation, after saving this idea in his heart, Zhu Shuren was even more lost in the follow-up inspection work, and looked at the work in front of him with a century-old plan everywhere.

That night, Gu Yanwu brought back the news, saying that Zheng Chenggong would not be able to arrive tomorrow.

However, the expedited fast horse messenger sent by Zheng Chenggong had already arrived in advance, saying that Zheng Chenggong and his entourage should have just crossed Taihu Lake and arrived in the Liyang area by now, and they would arrive early the day after tomorrow.

After all, Zheng Chenggong now has an identity, and it is impossible to travel hundreds of miles a day.

Zhu Shuren didn't say anything, he was originally early to inspect and inspect first, how could he temporarily raise the requirements for his subordinates.

So the group stayed overnight in Jiangning Town, and the next morning they washed up and had breakfast, and Zhu Shuren asked people to make temporary arrangements, saying that they would inspect several more research institutes a day today, and there was no need to arrange other trips.

Anyway, the zoo and the botanical garden museum, after Zheng Chenggong arrives tomorrow, he will have a meeting, and he will be instructed on how Zheng Chenggong adapts to the environment of tropical rainforest animals and plants, and he is not in a hurry to visit now.

What Zhu Shuren didn't expect was that after arriving at the Institute of Magnetism, he actually met an unexpected old man.

At that time, as soon as he entered the door, he instructed the official in charge: "I heard that Brother Mi sent a confidant to help him collect data and write a book, why don't you see the person in charge come to see him?" ”

The official in charge of the office looked embarrassed, and hurriedly explained: "Lord Wang, among the staff assistants sent by Fang Futai, there is a female roll, who usually only checks the experimental results and receives the data, and does not negotiate with the researchers in person. If the prince wants to inspect and dial, he can go to the study of the other courtyard. ”

Zhu Shuren was slightly stunned, and soon reacted, so he asked the place without any traces, and waved everyone away. Came alone to an independent and quiet courtyard in the research institute.

This annex should have been requisitioned by Fang Yizhi this year and rearranged, but since it was for work, Zhu Shuren would not blame him for being extravagant.

When I walked into the inner courtyard, I saw all the women wearing scarf scholar clothes, but obviously not the kind that purely served tea and water, and looked a little bookish, as if they could assist in learning.

When Zhu Shuren came in, several women were slightly surprised and wanted to exclaim. Fortunately, Zhu Shuren did not engage in vulgar private interviews, pretending to be pigs and eating tigers, he came in generously wearing the prince's python robe.

So the women were surprised, but when they saw his clothes, they immediately stopped resisting, and let him move around on his own, and took the initiative to come up and salute, and earnestly asked if there was anything they could help the prince to guide.

And Zhu Shuren roughly guessed who Fang Yizhi had sent, and casually asked the saluting female official: "Did Governor Fang send Miss Ziling to help here?" ”

The female officials said: "Exactly, we are also the secretary of Miss Fang's training." ”

Zhu Shuren naturally smiled: "When will she still be 'physical'." ”

Of course, the female official had to help say good things: "Miss Fang is erudite and talented, as long as she is willing to work hard, everything cannot be learned." ”

Zhu Shuren stopped talking nonsense, and with one look motioned to lead the way, and was soon led to Fang Ziling's office. Before entering the door, he also signaled to silence him, and wanted to surprise to see if Fang Ziling was rigorous in his studies.

The female officials didn't dare to disobey, and without reporting, they let Zhu Shuren quietly enter and saw a long-lost figure, also wearing a square scarf and a scholar's uniform.

Fang Ziling was really unconscious, and when he entered the door, Fang Ziling was still facing a strange copper and iron machine in a porcelain cylinder, recording data with a ledger.

Zhu Shuren glanced at it casually, the machine was a porcelain cylinder shell support, the inner wall of the shell has layers of nested ravines, wrapped in natural rubber paint wrapped in fine red copper columns, and there is also a strange-shaped magnet mechanism that supports the volley on the left and right ends.

Although it seems that the difference in shape from the generator in later generations is still too huge, Zhu Shuren can finally recognize what this thing is trying to do, there is no way, all this is also what he casually clicked before, saying that he wants to study the experimental effect of "the magnet and the copper coil wrapped in the barrier material rotate and cut each other".

The people below have made these things out of nowhere, but they don't cost much anyway, even if the industrial value is not large, for the sake of future scientific enlightenment, it is good.

Zhu Shuren glanced at it a few times, and then he spoke: "When did you come?" Mizhi didn't notify me either. ”

Fang Ziling's hand holding the charcoal pen was shocked, and it was condensed on the notebook, and the tip of the charcoal pen was also broken by this force and broke off from the barrel of the pen wrapped in silk threads.

"The little sister visited the prince, but I didn't know that the prince was coming, and the rude place was still looking at Haihan." After taking a deep breath, Fang Ziling adjusted his mood before turning around and saluting.

In Zhu Shuren's heart, he has actually saved a little bit of thought in the past few months, and now that the kings have just passed, it is time to prepare for the matter of taking concubines, and he also wants to find an opportunity to discuss with Fang Kongzhi and Fang Yizhi.

Unexpectedly, Fang Ziling himself came to the vicinity of Nanjing first and provided some convenience for contact.

Now Fang Ziling is so generous, which makes him a little embarrassed, or more precise, a little guilty.

He hurriedly diverted the topic, and first asked the other party how he was doing recently and whether he was adapting: "Ziling, you and I have been confidants for several years, why don't you know that you have read so widely and even understand these?" Brother Mi is really, why do you worry about this. ”

Fang Ziling smiled generously, and sat down next to him: "Although I don't like these, as long as it can be written in a book, what can't I learn?" What my brother can understand, my little sister can always understand if she spends a little more time. Just think about it. ”

While saying that she also took a manuscript from the eucalyptus, which was Fang Yizhi's unfinished "Physics", and it could be seen that Fang Ziling's beautiful handwriting also added and annotated a lot of content on it.

It can only be said that the scientific and technological works of this era are more at the level of naturalism and experience, and at most there are some so-called law summaries that are similar to the mysteries, and it is not difficult for people who read a lot to understand, as long as their thinking is not rigid.

Zhu Shuren glanced at it a few times, praised it a few times by the way, and then looked at the prototype of the machine made in front of him, and asked Fang Ziling to demonstrate it.

Of course, this machine is not made by Fang Ziling, and it can even be said that the design process has nothing to do with her, she is only responsible for recording the experimental data after it is done and summarizing the failures. And then naturally someone changed it again.

Fang Ziling was also frank, not in a hurry to change the topic, but was very focused on demonstrating, and it seemed that he was indeed curious about this job.

"It's not easy to demonstrate, bother the prince to kick the tread wheel on the shaft connected to the magnet, let the magnetic shaft rotate, and then you can see the coil connected out, with a slight change in suction, which can suck up the iron sand."

Zhu Shuren followed the pointing and looked over, and sure enough, this strange machine could not transmit electricity over long distances, and the natural rubber paint from the winding of the machine wrapped the thick copper wire, which could only be slightly led out a few feet away, and then it was twisted into a coil, and iron sand was placed under the coil.

This scene is a bit like the children's electricity generation experiments seen in the later science and technology museums, where people can generate electricity by pedaling a bicycle, but the machine in front of them is much more clumsy and simple.

Zhu Shuren began to pedal the car with ease, and sure enough, he immediately saw that the iron sand under the coil in the distance was beating slightly, up and down.

It's just that the electromagnetic force output by pedaling is very weak and unstable, if Zhu Shuren continues to pedal at a constant speed, the magnetic force will soon disappear, and the iron sand will fall again.

He hasn't reacted yet, because the children's experiments in the science and technology museum in later generations are all for children to continue to pedal at a constant speed, but the electrical appliances in the science and technology museum are all electric lights, and what is needed is a steady current to do the work, and the harder you pedal, the brighter the lights.

Fang Ziling immediately summed up his mistakes based on the experience of the past few months, and pointed out with a smile: "It's not like this, it's going to be fast and slow, there will be suction when it changes from slow to fast, and there will be suction when it changes from fast to slow. ”

Zhu Shuren was stunned for a moment, and then realized that indeed, the later generations of science and technology museums are resistive electrical appliances, and electromagnetic induction is inductive electrical appliances, what is needed is not a steady current, but a change in current, and what is needed is the process of constantly changing from small to large and from large to small.

"Changing magnetism generates electricity, changing electricity generates magnetism", the key lies in this change of words.

It seems that this thing is really not good for industrial application, and there are too many things to solve. Otherwise, in the future, you will not be able to guarantee that the speed of the water will continue to change.

Zhu Shuren consciously pedaled fast and slowly, in order to pursue sudden acceleration, sometimes the force was more violent, but the result was that the iron sand did continue to be sucked up, but after a while, the brush ring at the output end of the motor was burned.

Fang Ziling hurriedly found staff to repair the aftermath, and Zhu Shuren had no choice but to stop the experiment.

The lady in charge of maintenance was still a little worried, and quickly explained that this machine is not usually like this. Zhu Shuren just patted them on the shoulder gently: "It's okay, it's a lonely misuse, it's repaired and optimized, and it doesn't cost much silver." ”

After this personal experience, Zhu Shuren also had to admit:

To put it in good conscience, if you don't consider the application scenarios of industrialization, purely laboratory use, it is really not more difficult to "discover the existence of electricity" than to build a steam engine.

The steam engine must also ensure the machining precision of the piston cylinder and the flywheel crankshaft, the cylinder must be tightly sealed and can not leak, the air tightness of each steam delivery link should be very good, and the transmission mechanism should also be stable and shock-absorbing, otherwise the eccentric inertia will be large, and the machine will be scrapped directly when it turns.

The experiment of electromagnetic induction does not have such a high accuracy requirement, and the unbalanced magnet of the coil is nothing more than a larger impedance and a lower efficiency, but the output of the bicycle in the laboratory is absolutely not dangerous, and the electricity does not kill people.

The difficulty of electricity lies not in the machine itself, but in the supporting system engineering. In the laboratory stage, there is no need to consider power storage, power transmission, and power consumption.

Although it is said that after creating a primitive magnetic inductance motor that can theoretically discover electricity, it may take 50 years or even more to be able to stably use electricity for lighting, and it will take nearly 100 years to build a motor with stable output, but Zhu Shuren did not let them do that.

If you only use electricity to generate magnetism, then the output power end is actually only a fixed coil, and you don't need to do anything, which can be called the least difficult special case.

After all, moving magnetism generates electricity, transforms electricity and generates magnetism, which is the lowest step for the original industrial base, to put it bluntly, it is just a bunch of copper and magnets winding and processing into a specific shape.

In history, the steam engine appeared seventy or eighty years earlier than the generator, which is just an accident of history, which does not mean that the steam engine is more difficult than the generator, and Zhu Shuren does not need to copy history.

It is only because the discovery of electromagnetic induction is quite accidental, and the follow-up research of electricity needs to produce value and benefits, which is much more complex than the power of the steam engine, and the emergence of the whole system is seventy or eighty years later than the steam engine, not the "machine" of the motor itself.

Just like in the 2020s, some people still think that electric vehicles are new energy, but in fact, those who know a little bit about engineering principles know that electric cars appeared earlier than diesel locomotives in the early days, and gasoline engines have not yet been born There are electric motor-driven cars. It's just that there are many supporting technologies for electricity, so it can't be promoted, and until now, who makes charging and changing batteries more troublesome than refueling at gas stations.

Although the steam engine and diesel engine themselves are much more complex than the electric motor, as long as the steam engine and diesel engine are built by the machine itself, even if there is no supporting system facilities (of course, the fuel must be there), a machine can directly form productivity alone, and the motor only has a "machine" without supporting it is a waste.

Zhu Shuren can completely build a primitive magnetic induction motor, like the thing he sees now, and then improve it slightly. It's just that no other power application scenarios can be found within 150 years after it was built, and it didn't cost much anyway.

But in any case, relying on the machine in front of him, Zhu Shuren has already seen a few sentences of summary in Fang Yizhi's manuscript of "Physics": "Electricity does not generate magnetism, magnetism does not generate electricity, magnetism generates electricity, and electricity becomes magnetic."

It is enough to be able to realize that electricity and magnetic energy are mutually genetic, but not natural, and only in the process of changing the direction of size, and static stability cannot be generated, then it is enough.

At least this is a qualitative level of the "principle of electromagnetic induction", far from the "law of electromagnetic induction", just the physical quantities in those formulas, and the quantification has not yet been calculated, who makes us too backward in mathematics (Zhu Shuren also learned formulas in high school in his previous life, but he has not been engaged in it for many years, and has forgotten it, he only remembers the principle, and does not know how to do calculations)

But this qualitative scientific discovery itself can inspire those who come after it to explore, and it is worth a thousand dollars.

……

These scientifically inspired things are really a bit of a bad scenery to say at the moment, but who let Zhu Shuren see Fang Ziling again, even in such an embarrassing environment, he can't get around.

As the female officials of the research institute moved the burned out machine, cleaned it up, and recorded the data, Fang Ziling finally led Zhu Shuren to another office purely used for the study.

Zhu Shuren pondered how to speak, and when the words came to the end, he tried to say a sentence first: "The last time I said goodbye, it was still the sixteenth year of Chongzhen." ”

Fang Ziling's eyes flickered, and he was slightly dark: "The prince has a good memory." ”

When Chongzhen was fifteen years old, she was seventeen years old, and her mother Wu Lingyi once tested her if she was in a hurry to marry the Shen family. At that time, because of various concerns, she politely refused, saying that she was not in a hurry.

If he agreed at that time and got married the next year, then he would have successfully married at the age of eighteen.

Now it has dragged on for seventeen years of Chongzhen, the first year of Longwu, and two years, and it is a full three years at once, and Fang Ziling will soon be twenty-one years old.

In the Ming Dynasty, what an old girl at the age of twenty-one, fortunately, there was a reason for it, and no one put pressure on her family.

Zhu Shuren also knew that the other party must have remembered his age, and Shaohua was easy to pass away:

"You are twenty-one this year, and in the past few years, you have been in military affairs and worked hard, and you have to put the rise and fall of the world first. Now that the country is a little decided, if Ziling's original intention has not changed, Lone will give you an explanation. ”

Fang Ziling's face turned red, and she quickly returned to normal: "Why did the prince say this, you can discuss such a thing with your father and brother, how can you discuss this matter with your little sister and a boudoir woman!" My little sister was also invited by her brother to come here to do her studies! ”

Zhu Shuren was squeezed by her righteous and strict words, but it was not easy to be light, so he could only take care of the other party's cheeks, and said domineeringly: "Well, it is this king who is negligent in etiquette, I will call the secret brother to discuss this matter, and ask him to bring the letter back to Uncle Shi." ”

Fang Ziling turned around and pretended not to hear, anyway, she just thought she was betrayed by her father and brother. Everything is not what she wants, so she is not ashamed.

However, Zhu Shuren could clearly see that when he said the decision just now, when the two calmed down again and discussed academic issues, Fang Ziling's expression was obviously much more relaxed, and it seemed that even learning could make her excited.

……

Zhu Shuren spent a whole day in several research institutes, and originally didn't plan to visit the zoo botanical garden museum, but since he met Fang Ziling, he must change his itinerary.

How can you take your sister to only drill the laboratory of the research institute all day long, go to the museum to educate and entertain, show off your knowledge, and let the girl worship, which is also a good pastime.

After just half a day of sightseeing, Fang Ziling, who had already looked rusty because he hadn't seen him for three years, also rebecame familiar with Zhu Shuren, and had a new understanding and admiration for the prince's insights and erudition. It wasn't until the twilight was dark that Zhu Shu asked the female official to send her back to the office.

It seems that in the future, in the field of academic research, the appointment of women will also be moderately liberalized. Daming already has female court officials, and there are female generals like Qin Liangyu, why can't women be used in those non-managerial academic positions, and it's not a job that shows up a lot, it can be done behind closed doors to do academic experiments.

With these cranky thoughts, Zhu Shuren returned to his accommodation and rested for the night.

Early the next morning, Gu Yanwu came to report that Zheng Chenggong and his party had arrived. Zhu Shuren sobered up for a while, put everything yesterday behind for the time being, and began to seriously worry about national affairs again.

"Quickly summon Brother Zheng Xian to see me, there are some precautions for the use of troops in the army to prevent miasma, and I am about to discuss with him."