When he saw the scroll that Newton asked the palace maid to present, Zhu Shuren's first reaction was still a little curious.

Because of the urgency of time, he didn't have time to take a closer look, so he asked directly.

Newton was energetic and slightly nervous: "These manuscripts contain the students' graduation theses when they were at Cambridge, as well as some experiences that have been pondered behind closed doors in the last two years.

A few years ago, when students were in Cambridge, they came across a copy of the Daming popular science book annotated by Mr. Huygens, which briefly introduced some conjectures about the laws of motion of objects, as well as an exposition of the atomic theory, and the presumption of several possible basic elements.

That work had a great impact on the students, and in the following years, the students devoted themselves to it, trying to prove it mathematically, and as a result, they came up with this new mathematical tool, and asked Dean Fang to correct it. ”

Newton spoke very sincerely, answering Zhu Shuren in the first half, and turning to Fang Ziling in admiration in the second half, sincerely prostrate for advice.

Zhu Shuren couldn't help laughing when he heard this, and at the same time, he handed the half-English and half-Chinese manuscript to his wife Fang Ziling without concealment.

Of course, he knew what his wife had written, but in addition to those naturalist works, most of Fang Ziling's other insightful physical and chemical conjectures came from Zhu Shuren.

It's just that Zhu Shuren doesn't want to show people in the form of an all-knowing and all-powerful god, he has already dominated the world, why do you want this kind of false name? It's also inconvenient, so it's just a matter of dialing one or two and letting his subordinates write.

On the other hand, Zhu Shuren also knows that as a high-ranking person, if there are too many academic achievements, it is easy for future generations to conspiracy theories, saying that he is plagiarizing the ideas of his subordinates and portraying him as a hypocritical villain. In that case, it is better to avoid these controversial reputations and do a good job.

For example, if in the 21st century, some North Korean scientists say that their country's latest and highest scientific research achievements are made by a few great people, then foreigners will not believe it, but will only recruit blackmail.

In the same way, even in ancient China, when Lü Buwei authorized the book "Lü's Spring and Autumn", would anyone believe that part of the content was written by Lü Buwei himself?

Xiao Tong (Prince Zhaoming) asked people to compile the "Anthology", will outsiders believe that there are his own academic contributions in it? It's impossible, these people just need to contribute resources to be investors.

It would be better for him to just provide ideas and conjectures, and let the people below study and prove it, and be generous, and the people below will admit his affection and mention the Prince Regent's contribution to these scientific discoveries in detail in their memoirs. In this way, the credibility of the history books will be higher in the future, and the living space of conspiracy theories will be squeezed.

The "achievements of Fang Ziling's writings" mentioned by Newton this time are actually nothing, mainly the conjecture part of the "Newton's Three Laws of Motion" in history, as well as the several basic elements found by the Daming Academy of Sciences in recent years when studying the atomic and molecular theory of matter, and their preliminary characteristic laws-

It should be noted that most of these contents can only be called "conjectures", not laws. The three conjectures of mechanics in physics are all without rigorous mathematical arguments. Because the previous mathematical tools did not support comprehensive and detailed arguments.

In the case of only basic arithmetic tools, it would be nice to be able to discuss uniform motion, or uniform motion at variable speed - in many junior high and high school physics textbooks, the explanation of Newton's laws of motion actually stops at this step.

But as we all know, in order to fully develop Newton's laws of motion, you have to at least demonstrate other irregular motions, that is, "motion with variable speed and variable acceleration".

This kind of motion, which is completely irregular in the process of change of force and velocity, and which is closest to the real situation in nature, you have to analyze it mathematically, and it is nonsense without calculus.

Therefore, in the final analysis, in order to occupy the pit and to guide the scientific research and development of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Shuren took out a special case in special circumstances similar to Newton's three laws more than ten years ago and made a straight conclusion, which can only be regarded as a "conjecture and find a few specific solutions that conform to this conjecture", but it is not a "general solution", and it cannot be "proven".

From middle school physics textbooks to "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", there is still a gap. Basically, it is necessary to add the part of calculus application on mechanics in the big thing to be regarded as a complete "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy".

Even Newton himself in history, from the initial formulation of these conjectures to the final proof of all of them, it took a small ten years, and then another five or six years to write "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy".

……

On the other side, Fang Ziling and Newton obviously didn't know what Zhu Shuren was thinking.

Fang Ziling just took Newton's manuscript, and then read it carefully for a while, and couldn't understand it for a while, but her expression quickly became solemn.

Seeing that Fang Ziling attached great importance to it, Newton also bumped up his courage and introduced it eloquently: "The first volume of this manuscript, which is my graduation thesis at Cambridge University the year before last, proves the generalized binomial theorem proposed by Mr. Huygens ten years ago, but he failed to complete the proof at that time.

The next two volumes are a new set of mathematical tools that I have invented in the past year and a half, combined with the need for the proof of the 'Fang's three conjectures', which I call 'calculus'. Finally, there is a volume of proof-of-experiment design for the 'Fang's Three Conjectures' that I designed. ”

After listening to Newton finally uncover the mystery, the faint expectation in Zhu Shuren's heart was finally confirmed.

Sure enough, it's calculus!

The conscience of heaven and earth, Zhu Shuren was a little ashamed. He and his wife can only be regarded as putting forward conjectures and citing special cases that conform to conjectures, and in the history books of this time and space, they can only write like this in the future. Detailed mathematical and experimental demonstrations were completed by Newton after all.

Who let Zhu Shuren mix up to his thirties in his previous life, and he didn't need to use calculus in his work? The bit of high-speed knowledge in the university in the previous life, if there is no one to remind you after the crossing, you will almost forget it.

This is really not a reverse golden finger - comparing the heart to the heart, thirty years after a person leaves college, maybe many of the conclusive things learned in college can still be remembered. However, most of the specific arithmetic solutions to advanced math problems cannot be done without re-reviewing them through the textbook.

That being the case, there is nothing to be sorry about.

What's more, Newton's three laws in history can be regarded as Newton's own conjecture and example to mathematical argument in one go. Now Zhu Shuren and Fang Ziling have completed the first one or two steps respectively, but they only leave the third step with the highest rigor requirements to Newton, which can be regarded as a big hanging.

……

Isaac in History. Newton, after the outbreak of the Great Plague in London in 1665, chose to go to the countryside to retreat for two and a half years, and as a result, in the autumn of 1667, the new subject of "calculus" was developed in his house.

Then, when the University of Cambridge reopened after the plague and verified his results, he was immediately awarded the title of "Lucas Professor of Mathematics".

(Note: Leibniz of Germany also invented calculus in 1672, and added many algorithms and proofs that Newton did not cover.) These two people invented calculus independently, and each contributed to the content.)

In this life, Newton can be regarded as "standing on the shoulders of more giants", so he accelerated his progress and completed the manuscript of calculus more than half a year ahead of schedule.

Zhu Shuren and Fang Ziling listened to each other's explanations while carefully looking at the content on the manuscript.

Because Zhu Shuren has the foundation of the university in his previous life, he can be regarded as picking it up again, and he naturally reacts much faster than Fang Ziling.

Moreover, Newton's level of written Chinese was not enough for him to write all mathematical manuscripts in Chinese, mainly because there were many professional terms and nouns, and there were no corresponding words in Chinese at that time, and even English words were created by Newton himself according to etymological logic, so it was impossible to write Chinese.

However, these mathematical words and symbols, in the eyes of Zhu Shuren, are not big obstacles. After he hastily flipped through it, although he couldn't find a mistake, he could make a request for Newton and draw a pie.

I saw Zhu Shuren casually dialing: "You're just an algorithm for general integrals, right?" Its geometric equivalent nature is to solve the area of an area with irregular upper and lower edges, enclosed by two functional curves.

But if we want to guide engineering practice, we also need to find the volume of two cylinders with irregular upper and lower surfaces, which requires the use of 'double integrals'. By extension,

If you want to calculate completely irregular bodies, even the side walls are irregular, you need 'triple integrals' - in short, your mathematical tool called 'calculus' still has a lot of room to dig deeper, think about how to generalize, increase its generality, in order to really benefit mankind. ”

When Newton heard this, he was completely shocked.

He finally believed in the modest words of Dean Fang just now, and said, "These conjecture ideas were actually thought of by His Royal Highness the Regent himself at the beginning. It's just that he has a lot of opportunities and doesn't have time to deal with scientific research, so he just puts forward an idea and starts with it, and the specific work is handed over to the people below."

At first, Newton thought that Fang Ziling was putting gold on Zhu Shuren, but now he has no doubt at all.

His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was able to understand the mixed mathematical expressions and all the formula symbols in English and Chinese, and he was able to cut to the problem that this mathematical tool could not solve at once.

This look is a genius who is very thoughtful and far-sighted, and suitable for pressing tasks on his subordinates. Although he may not be involved in the research and development himself, he knows very well what the needs of humanity are.

A person who is good at asking valuable and meaningful questions is often worth more than someone who is good at answering them.

"Oh, Your Royal Highness, Your Majesty, your wisdom is truly unique in your life, and I thought it would take you a long time to understand the value of calculus...... Please forgive me for my superficial bias.

Your guidance is so right, I do think there is a lot of room for improvement in this tool, and I will definitely try my best! I'm so ashamed that I don't know ...... I wonder if I can persuade you to accept the previous conditions and send a Ming merchant fleet to export carbolic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium arsenate to England.

Maybe my achievements are indeed insignificant, but it should be very valuable if I strengthen and improve them in the future......"

Newton had begun to humbly worry that "the mathematical results he presented were not enough to persuade the regent of the Ming Dynasty to spend costs, take risks, and disrupt his original rhythm to make this small amount of money." ”

Fortunately, Zhu Shuren is still eager to seek talents.

He waved his hand: "Lone knows, no need to explain." In this way, this calculus you have offered will indeed be of great use in the future, but it is not perfect yet.

Are you willing to make an agreement with Lone to stay in Daming to study and work for at least ten years, during which the king will compare with other people who have made outstanding contributions to the Academy of Sciences and give you courtesy.

If you wish, this king is willing to temporarily relax the ban on the export of concentrated sulfuric acid, carbolic acid, sodium arsenate and other drugs to the Ming Dynasty, and send the Ming fleet to trade in Europe to save all the people who were suffering from the plague. ”

Newton breathed a sigh of relief and hurriedly praised: "Your Royal Highness, your kindness is like sunshine and rain, and Ze is born in the universe." I believe that the people of England will always be grateful for your kindness.

It's also a pleasure to be able to serve you temporarily. ”

Zhu Shuren smiled slightly, but did not answer. Although he didn't have a good impression of the British, since he could still make money by selling medicines, it was not shabbling.

He went to collect money, not to be an international attention fighter.

By the way, he was able to win Newton's temporary allegiance, and the deal was a big deal.

So much of the scientific research work I had done before was still unsystematic, and all of them were examples of relying on experience accumulation and direct copying of answers.

So much so that as long as Zhu Shuren himself does not point in the direction, the research model of the Daming Academy of Sciences will still only stay at the level of "whims and trial and error".

Of course, it's not that there is no progress in the trial-and-error method - at least compared to the original time and space of the Ming Dynasty, today's Ming Dynasty is already "willing to try and make mistakes", the original was unwilling to try, and resources were unwilling to invest.

Historically, up to Edison's kind of person, R&D is not also engaged in "inspiration plus trial and error", otherwise how could Edison say that success is "99% sweat plus 1% inspiration", and 99% sweat is the most stupid way of trial and error.

In the fields of biochemical ring materials, which are not too logical, the scale of trial and error experiments can also vigorously produce miracles, so a few years ago, Daming focused on chemical research and development, which is Zhu Shuren has a full understanding of his own endowment, and he avoids his weaknesses.

However, in the fields of physics and mathematics, including electricity and mechanical design, these things are very logical and perceptive, and it is not possible to spend money on trial and error to produce miracles.

Until now, Newton is about to make a move! Daming can finally make up for the other leg in the field of scientific research, the path of "theory guides practice"!

This Newton could not have come at a better time.

From now on, it is necessary to grasp both hands, and both hands must be hard! The miracle of the great force is the great miracle, and the theory guides the practice, and the theory guides the practice.

Zhu Shuren even felt that the original model of "Academy of Sciences + Research Institute" was finally not enough.

With the seed of Newton, the future Ming Dynasty will get rid of the piling up of trial and error that vigorously produces miracles, and it is necessary to introduce the modern university system that is now sprouting and transforming in the West, and establish Daming's own university system!

Of course, there is no need to learn the bad laws of those rubbish seminaries in the West, and those are not much more noble than Daming's own Guozijian.

Zhu Shuren wants to learn, and of course, he must also transplant it after those top Western universities with natural science genes.

By the late 1660s, Cambridge and Leiden were the first echelon, along with the University of Tübingen in Württemberg (out of Kepler) and the University of Leipzig in Saxony (Leibniz there)

Therefore, after receiving Newton's affirmative answer, Zhu Shuren immediately said that he would organize the fleet to set sail as soon as possible, hoping that the English captain who carried Newton could lead the way.

Then, he also hoped that Newton would write a few more letters to his teachers and classmates who stayed in Europe, so that the pilot captain could bring them back, so as to recruit more contemporary natural philosophy university talents for the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Shuren also specially pointed out that he hopes to see the talents of the Cambridge, Leiden, Leipzig, and Tübingen systems in the future, all of whom are represented in Daming, and they can all bloom.

Newton's shock was not enough, so he didn't wonder why His Royal Highness the Prince Regent had such a good idea of Europe's top natural science universities, he just thought that this was the Ming Jinyiwei's excellent spying ability, and he actually felt it so clearly.

Newton racked his brains to search for his connections, and wrote seven or eight earnest letters overnight, and also said in the letter that His Royal Highness the regent of the Ming Dynasty had asked someone to bring them a meeting gift and invited them to study and exchange in the Ming Dynasty.

Even if you don't want to work in Daming for the rest of your life, it doesn't matter, it can be used as a life trip.

As for the meeting gifts mentioned in the letter, of course, Zhu Shuren paid for them, and he asked the Daming fleet, which was responsible for setting sail to Europe to sell medicine, to carry an additional batch of porcelain and jade, brocade Su embroidery, gold and silver jewelry that the Ming royal family regarded as fine products, for gifts at that time. Anyone who receives Newton's letter will receive a commemorative gift package.

(End of chapter)