The extraction process of the contents of the coffin was still very smooth.

The owner of tomb M-105 is not a big nobleman after all.

And according to Kong Jianwen's inference, it should have died suddenly and was buried in a hurry.

Therefore, in his coffin, there are not too many burial goods.

In other tombs of the nobles of the Western Han Dynasty, the coffin of the tomb owner is resplendent with gold, and even the head rests on the jade pillow and the body sleeps on the jade mat.

The owner of Tomb M-105, dressed only in silk clothes, was stuffed into the coffin.

Moreover, because of the long-term immersion in water and the fact that the coffin is not very airtight, the bones of the tomb owner have basically decomposed.

After most of the stagnant water in the coffin was extracted, except for some silk pieces that had not completely decayed, no valuable artifacts had been found for the time being.

But everyone is not in a hurry at all.

Good things must be sunk at the bottom of the coffin.

Sure enough, when the stagnant water in the coffin was pumped to only about four or five centimeters thick, some metal materials began to appear in the pitch-black "black water".

"I saw it! There is a sword! ”

Wang Weida, who was quick-eyed, immediately put his hands into the coffin and carefully lifted a bronze sword at least eighty or ninety centimeters long from the stagnant water!

", bronze sword?!"

Chen Han's eyes widened, and he was shocked to see the sword in front of him that was still as smooth as new when it was fished out of the water, and he was simply stunned!

This sword does not have the feeling of wind and frost buried in the ground for 2,000 years!

Even because it is placed in stagnant water, when the sword is lifted from the water, the sword body can still reflect light!

Just... It's like it's just been cast!

Kong Jianwen also hurriedly rushed up, took the sword from Wang Weida's hand, and exclaimed: "This... This is Qin Jian! ”

"This is the pinnacle masterpiece of Chinese bronze casting technology!"

Bronze sword, which is a weapon often used in ancient China, can also be said to be the earliest war weapon that has been studied.

The history of the Chinese bronze sword, which can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, is the pinnacle representative of Chinese bronze weapon craftsmanship.

However, in the early Western Han Dynasty, with the maturity of iron smelting technology, iron swords gradually eliminated bronze swords and became the mainstream of the world.

By the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the process of replacing bronze weapons with steel weapons had been completely completed.

Most of the bronze swords unearthed by archaeology are mainly in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the number of bronze swords unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty is very small.

Not to mention that the owner of tomb M-105 can be determined to have died at least after the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.

After all, Zhaoming Mirror became popular after Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.

Before the coffin was opened, no one thought that in the tomb of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, a Qin sword would be found!

When Emperor Xuan of Han ascended the throne, two hundred years had passed since the fall of the Qin State!

"The sword body is grayish-yellow, the organization is fine, there is no trachoma, and the surface of the sword body has been finely filed and polished!"

After Kong Jianwen carefully checked the sword back and forth, he said with great satisfaction: "That's right, this is a Qin sword!" ”

"Moreover, it is the pinnacle of the bronze sword casting process of the Qin Dynasty, and the masterpiece of the most mature period!"

"In terms of appearance and system, this sword is not much different from the Qin-made copper sword, but the specific copper-tin ratio has to be sent to experts for identification."

Kong Jianwen pushed his glasses and said quite affirmatively: "But I estimate that this should be a Qin-made copper sword, maybe it is still the family heirloom sword of the owner of this tomb." ”

"Otherwise, it is impossible to soak in water for two thousand years to be immortal!"

"It is unlikely that it will be precious enough to be put in a coffin and sleep with the owner of the tomb."

A bronze sword, if it wants to be underground for more than 2,000 years without rusting, needs to meet many conditions.

First, it is best to be in a closed and oxygen-deficient environment, either in a vacuum state, or similar to the Yue Wang Goujian Sword, which has been soaked in groundwater for a long time and separated from the air.

In this way, oxidation can be reduced, and less oxidation will naturally lead to less rust.

Second, the sword body must be protected from rust!

The most important reason why the sword of King Goujian of Yue has not rusted for 2,500 years is that the sword body is plated with a layer of chromium-containing metal!

When chromium is used in smelting metals, it has the characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, and oxidation resistance, which can protect the utensils from stainless steel!

In addition to this, there was another anti-rust measure in ancient China.

That is the Qin Bronze Sword Chromium Salt Oxidation Protection Technology!

In the Bronze Age, whether a sword was good or not, whether it was sharp or not, depended entirely on how much tin was added to the copper during smelting.

If there is less tin, the sword will be too soft, but if there is more tin, the sword will be too hard and easy to break.

How to master this copper-tin ratio is a very test of the smelting process and level.

And also had a great impact on the size of the bronze sword.

When the bronze sword first appeared, the length of the sword was only twenty or thirty centimeters, and it was only a short sword.

The fish intestine sword, one of the top ten famous swords in Chinese history, is speculated to be a short sword of 20 centimeters.

At that time, the reason why the sword was short was because of the limitations of the sword casting process, and it was impossible to make a bronze sword that was long, sharp and not easy to break.

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with the progress of bronze technology, the length of bronze swords generally reached about 50~60 cm.

In the late Warring States period, bronze swords were able to be 75 centimeters long, and they were still very sharp and easy to use.

The Qin-style bronze sword is a major breakthrough in the field of bronze sword.

The Qin sword of Guanzhong in the Qin Dynasty can generally reach 80 centimeters long, and the longest one is even 95 centimeters!

The length, hardness, and toughness of the Qin Sword have reached an almost perfect combination, and it is the final pinnacle of the bronze sword casting process!

Qin Shi Huang was able to unify the six countries, and this pinnacle of bronze sword craftsmanship contributed a lot to it.

You must know that at that time, the State of Chu was already able to make iron swords, and it really made them, but it did not stop the army of the State of Qin.

In most people's minds, iron swords are definitely better than bronze swords, sharper and lighter.

Iron represents advancement, and bronze represents backwardness.

But in fact, the iron sword was not invincible in the world from birth.

The early iron sword is really not as good as the peak bronze sword.

It took hundreds of years for the iron sword to completely surpass the bronze sword from its birth!

The bronze sword of the Qin State was not only thirty centimeters longer than the sword of the Six Eastern Kingdoms of the same period, but it was easier to stab the other party first when the two armies were fighting.

Moreover, the sharpness of the bronze sword of the Qin State is not inferior to the early iron sword at all!

The sharpness and hardness of the early iron swords were not comparable to the bronze swords of the Qin State.

The bronze smelting and forging process of the Qin State was the best in China at that time, and it almost had a generational advantage over the bronze craftsmanship of other countries!

Not only because the Qin sword is sharp, but also because the Qin State has also mastered the technology of oxidizing the bronze sword with chromium salt!

When the terracotta warriors and horses pit of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was unearthed, the chromium salt oxidation protection technology of the Qin bronze sword caused a sensation in the world!

The bronze sword unearthed from the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has been buried in the ground for more than 2,000 years, and after the rust is removed on the spot, the surface is still as bright as new, the blade is very sharp, and a sword can cut through 12 layers of newspapers!

Relevant experts found the unearthed bronze swords, bronze spears and other weapons after electron probe and proton X-ray fluorescence analysis.

The surface of the bronze sword has a protective layer of chromium oxide of 10 to 15 microns!

It is this layer of oxide layer with a thickness of only micron-level chromium-containing compounds that makes the bronze weapon have good anti-corrosion and anti-rust properties, so that it can be hidden underground for more than 2,000 years and still be as bright as new!

And this chromium salt oxidation protection technology, in modern times, was not invented and patented by the Germans until 1937, and it needs to be done under a complex industrial process!

Even modern chromium oxide protection technology can only maintain stainless steel for about 60 years.

How the Qin people 2,200 years ago were able to master the chromium salt oxidation treatment technology under such primitive conditions is still a mystery after the fall of the Qin State.

However, the sword forged by the Qin people with this pinnacle of sword-casting technology still exists in this world, telling their legend to the world!

Let future generations of Chinese people be able to admire the incredible sword-casting craftsmanship of the Qin people!

The one in front of Chen Han and others, just fished out of the stagnant water in the coffin, is the pinnacle of the Chinese bronze sword casting process and the masterpiece of the most mature period!