This set of scholar's treasures is still very complete and relatively well preserved.

It didn't take much effort for Chen Han to clean it up.

Among them, there is a pen, the barrel of the pen is bamboo, 24.8 long, 0.3 cm in diameter.

The upper end is sharpened, and the lower end is slightly thicker, 0.5 cm in diameter.

It can be seen that the size of the brush in the Western Han Dynasty is still very different from the more common brush size, and the main difference is that the pen is very thin.

It's as thin as the refill of a ballpoint pen.

It is a pity that the bristles of this brush have decayed, and they were bare when they were unearthed.

And, when this brush was unearthed, it was carefully inserted in the pen case, which was made of a thin bamboo tube, and the middle was hollowed out 8 cm, which was easy to take the pen and could also protect the brush from being crushed by external forces.

When the ink was found, it had broken into five pieces, and the color was still pure black.

One of the more complete ink blocks, shaped like a melon seed, is 1.5 cm long, 1.1 cm wide, and 0.4 cm thick.

The stone inkstone is round, with a bottom diameter of 9.8 and a thickness of 1.8 cm, and there is a piece of graphite on the inkstone, which is 3.5 cm high.

Moreover, there are ink stains on the surface of the inkstone and the bottom of the inkstone, which indicates that this stone inkstone should not be newly made for burial, but was often used by the tomb owner during his lifetime.

The style of the stone inkstone is very simple, it is a stone that has been smoothed and concave, and there is no extra decorative pattern, and the beautiful inkstone of the later generations can not be compared, but there is a primitive beauty.

In addition to this, there are six unwritten wooden calves, four of which are larger, 23.1 cm long and 5.8 cm wide, and two smaller ones, 11.4 cm long and 5.8 cm wide.

However, the small one is enough to write a few crosses on it, and it is definitely enough for simple correspondence.

The last piece to be sorted out is a sharpening knife, which is 22.8 centimeters long.

This sharpening knife is not made of bronze, but of iron, which has been very badly corroded.

The iron-smelting industry in the Western Han Dynasty has been very developed, and iron tools have generally entered all aspects of people's lives from the Warring States period when they were mostly used for agricultural tools to the Western Han Dynasty.

This rusty sharpening knife is a strong proof of this.

"This set of clerical tools strongly proves that the records of these clerical tools in historical documents are all credible!"

After cleaning out this set of clerical tools, Chen Han's heart was full of pride.

Since the establishment of New China, Chinese archaeologists have successively discovered many documentary tools from the Warring States, Qin and Han dynasties throughout the country.

For example, in 1954, a brush and copper sharpening knife were found in the Warring States Tomb of Zuojia Gong in Changsha.

In 1955, stone inkstones and grinding stones were found in the Western Han Dynasty tomb in Guangzhou.

However, this is the first time that a pen, ink, inkstone, wordless wooden slip and sharpening knife have been unearthed in the same tomb like this one in tomb M-168!

Especially this piece of ink!

Ink is damp and easily soluble in water, making it difficult to preserve for a long time in the underground and in tombs.

In particular, there is still water in the coffin of Tomb M-168 all year round!

It's a miracle that it can be preserved in such an environment!

Kong Jianwen, who watched Chen Han clean up this set of treasures in the study, couldn't hide his excitement and reached out to touch it left, and looked at it again, it was called an excitement.

"This pen is completely different from the Warring States pen found before, the whole barrel and barrel are finely made, and it is unique!"

"And this piece of ink, it's been two thousand years, and it still maintains a pure black ink color, and the texture is still delicate, I'm afraid it can still be used for writing!"

"These pieces of wordless wooden slabs are also amazing, not to mention the uniform size, the two sides and the four sides are so smooth and flat, which is very conducive to writing!"

"It takes a lot of effort just to make this wooden slab!"

"It's just that this stone inkstone and the grinding stone are a little ordinary, and the colleagues of the Hubei Institute also found one in the M-10 tomb."

Kong Jianwen raised his eyebrows proudly, and smiled: "But we don't have all the clerical tools unearthed from Tomb 10, only inkstones!" Hahaha! ”

Kong Jianwen was originally busy pondering the relocation of the coffin with several other senior researchers.

Although the coffin of tomb M168 is very well preserved, the "posture" is not very good.

When cleaning the pumping, it was found that the coffin inside the coffin box was placed on its side.

The coffin was toppled horizontally, with the coffin lid facing north, two sets of hemp ropes wrapped around the coffin, a bamboo curtain on the cover, and a layer of black lacquer on the coffin.

Under normal circumstances, when the owner of the tomb was buried, it should have been put into the coffin from the top of the tomb through the two sets of hemp ropes, and it was impossible to put it in sideways.

Because the hemp rope is tied to the lid of the coffin, not on the side of the coffin.

Then this coffin is now showing a situation of falling on its side, and there is only one possibility.

The coffin was "overturned" by intrusion groundwater.

Judging from the water marks in the coffin, the water in the coffin reached more than 132 centimeters at the highest, while the height of the inner and outer coffins was only 0.97 meters.

Obviously, after the internal water completely submerged the coffin, the coffin turned over on its side because of the buoyancy of the water.

How to get this coffin turned over on its side and send it out of the coffin chamber and send it into the laboratory to open the coffin is a technical job.

Surely it can't just be hoisted up from the grave in such a flipped shape.

Otherwise, if the coffin lid falls off in the process of lifting the coffin, it can be regarded as a major archaeological accident!

Therefore, the coffin must be straightened and then hoisted up again to be safe.

But it's easy to overthrow, but it's hard to straighten!

The coffin has been soaked in water for two thousand years, and it is soft and brittle.

It is also unknown how well the burial goods and corpses in the coffin are preserved, and how much water has accumulated.

How to ensure that the situation in the coffin is not damaged, and that the coffin can be turned over safely, can make several senior researchers such as Kong Jianwen and Professor Li distressed.

At this time, Chen Han cleaned out a set of scholar's treasures from the side box, which could be regarded as allowing Kong Jianwen to have fun in the bitter end.

"Yes, this set of clerical tools is very rare, so it should be properly preserved as soon as possible and handed over to the cultural relics conservators."

After the excitement, Kong Jianwen encouraged Chen Han a few more words, and then immediately went back to Professor Li and the others, and continued to worry about how to take the coffin.

Chen Han also quickly moisturized these newly unearthed clerical tools, put them into the cultural relics box, and continued to attack this big bamboo pipe!

The blind box hasn't been opened yet!

This bamboo box, which is more than 40 centimeters long, more than 30 centimeters wide, and more than 10 centimeters high, contains more than a set of clerical tools!

Soon, he cleared out some half-taels and calculations from it.

Among them, the calculation chips are very inconspicuous, and from the appearance, they are just inconspicuous small sticks.

But 2,000 years ago, this thing was the most effective calculation tool created by Huaxia!

The early development and sustained development of ancient mathematics depended on this calculation.

It wasn't until the advent of the abacus that the abacus was eliminated.

It is not surprising that the calculation chip appeared in the burial goods of tomb 168.

If the owner of the tomb was indeed a bureaucrat during his lifetime, it is too normal to have a plan.

The bureaucrats of the Western Han Dynasty were not full of words, but "civil officials" who could only write four books and five classics.

The officials and lords in the later period of feudal society had a huge group of staff to help, and basically made a clay statue without delaying the "governance".

However, local officials in the Western Han Dynasty could not enjoy this kind of treatment.

There are few people with "knowledge" in the Western Han Dynasty!

Only the bigwigs of the central court have staff and doormen to share their worries.

The bureaucrats at the grassroots level of the counties and counties simply could not find many literate people to help them handle government affairs.

A lot of times you have to do everything yourself and go into battle yourself.

To be a grassroots official, it is necessary to master excellent mathematical ability.

If you don't have excellent math skills, how can you know the population, food, and taxes in your area, and how can you handle all kinds of official affairs related to taxes and food?

Don't expect the peasants, who don't even know arithmetic, to be able to figure out how much grain they should pay and how much taxes they should pay!

All of this has to be calculated by the officials themselves, and then collected from door to door, and the accounting is clear!

Therefore, every local official in the Western Han Dynasty must master a fairly good arithmetic ability.

Otherwise, if you can't even collect taxes and food, can you keep this official hat?

That's where the calculations come in.

The appearance of calculations in the funeral goods made Chen Han more convinced that the owner of tomb M-168 was most likely an official during his lifetime.

And looking at the system of this tomb and the number of burial goods, this Bao Qi has to be a county magistrate and a county magistrate!

The county order is not a petty official, holding the power of life and death for hundreds of thousands of people within a radius of 100 miles!

This can be called Bailihou in ancient times!

And the half tael that was cleaned up together with the calculation is a very important archaeological discovery!

Half taels of money was the Qin system, and after the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was replaced by five baht money.

In this way, it can at least be determined that the time of death of the owner of this tomb will definitely not exceed the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty!

The specific age range of this tomb has been directly narrowed from the Western Han Dynasty to Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty!

Directly shorten the burial year of the owner of tomb M-168 to between 202 BC and 113 BC!

That's so important!