Chapter 214: Turquoise Sacred Stone

It is based on the ancient Tibetan document "The Chronicle of the Great Events of Tibet" and the fragment of the Anglo-Tibetan Dunhuang document "The Annals of Achai".

It is preliminarily presumed that the owner of the silver-gold alloy seal unearthed in the No. 1 tomb of Xinxuewei was the "nephew Achai Wang" during the reign of Tubo.

And further analysis of the ancient Tibetan "nephew Achai Wang" on the seal refers to the 36th Tibetan Tsangpu, the sister of Dusong Mangpojie, the son of the princess of the state - Mohe Tuhun Khan.

The 37th generation of Tibet, Zampu Trisong Detsen, and Princess Qibang are the same generation.

Therefore, on the seal is the "nephew Achai King".

In fact, there are records of this title in history.

Tuyuhun was originally a member of the Murong Xianbei clan in Liaodong.

At the beginning of the 4th century, it moved west to the Yinshan area.

During the rebellion of Jin Yongjia, he moved to Linxia, settled in Gannan and Qinghai regions, and Tuyuhun annexed the surrounding Qiang, Di and other tribes, and continued to grow, establishing the Tuyuhun country.

From the beginning of the 5th century A.D., the Tuyuhun Kingdom was established to the third year of Longshuo (663) when the country was destroyed by Tubo.

The Tuyuhun Kingdom lasted for more than 350 years.

When the Tuyuhun Kingdom was strong, it was a powerful regional power with a land area of 4,000 miles from east to west and 2,000 miles from north to south, and it completely controlled the Qinghai region.

However, in the 7th century, the powerful Tibetans on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau conquered the Yangtong and Subi tribes and established a unified Tubo Dynasty.

For Tibet, Tuyuhun, located between Tang and Tibet, naturally became the first object of conquest when the powerful Tubo Dynasty expanded outward.

In 663 AD, Tubo attacked Tuyuhun on a large scale, and directly destroyed the Tuyuhun regime in one fell swoop.

The last king of the Tuyuhun Kingdom, Murong Nuo, and Princess Honghua, led thousands of Tuyuhun people to join the Liangzhou of the Tang Dynasty.

After that, Tuyuhun came under the rule of Tubo, and the pro-Tibetan forces that remained in the hometown of Tuyuhun in Qinghai were included under the rule of Tubo and were called the Achai tribe.

In order to further consolidate their power, the Tibetans set up a new khan among the Achai tribes as their subject lords.

In 689, the princess of Qibang married the new lord of the state of Achai, and formed a special uncle-nephew relationship with the Tibetans, assisting the Tibetan government in handling national and state affairs.

Mohe Tuhun Khan, the son of Princess Qibang, became the first "nephew Achai King" in history.

Although it is said that this new Xuewei No. 1 tomb was stolen very seriously.

But the presence of this seal is important enough.

From the inscription, it can be seen that the owner of the tomb is the king of Tuyuhun, and the "nephew" in the inscription indicates the marriage relationship between the king of Tuyuhun and the royal family of Tubo.

This is undoubtedly the most accurate archaeological proof for historical materials.

In the "New Tang Dynasty Book: The Biography of Tubo", there is a record of "Tuyuhun and Tubo's nephew and uncle".

However, there has been a lack of definitive proof beyond written records.

Now, finally.

It follows the double evidence method of modern Chinese archaeology, combining the mutual corroboration of documents and archaeological excavations.

Regarding the relationship between the nephew and uncle between Tubo and Tuyuhun, it can finally be completely and accurately concluded and become an indisputable history!

However, this is the most important artifact of the main burial chamber.

After the discovery of this seal, the archaeological cleanup of the main burial chamber has basically come to an end.

It can't be helped, the grave robbers are too clean.

The tomb robbery gang caught this time alone recovered 646 burial goods.

And they are not yet the first wave of visits to this tomb.

In the main burial chamber alone, there are four robbery caves.

Combined with the tomb passages and other side chambers, it is estimated that this tomb has been stolen at least a dozen times in the past thousand years.

The tomb robbers arrested this time were the last group, and they were also the cleanest group to be looted, and they had already taken away as many cultural relics as they could.

In addition to this seal in the main burial chamber, several scattered coffin plates were later found near the coffin bed.

The surface of the coffin plate fragment is painted in black and red and gilded, and the painted content is no longer recognizable.

However, there are a large number of archaeological data to prove that the painted wooden coffin decoration is a tradition of the Xianbei people of the Northern Dynasty (Northern Wei).

In other words, although Tuyuhun is a Xianbei tribe that moved westward, not the Xianbei tribe that went south in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there are still many commonalities between the two.

After all, they are all Xianbei people.

This is the difference between South Korea and North Korea.

And after discovering the hall board, it was the last surprise for everyone.

The pavilion board itself is really not a surprise, and the picture is not clear.

But after picking up the pavilion board, a turquoise-inlaid gold chain pressed under the coffin plate was imprinted into the eyes of archaeologists.

This gold chain has a turquoise-encrusted square buckle at both ends with a loop on one side.

In the middle is the body of the chain, which is composed of three chains, each of which is woven into a pattern of four strands of 8 gold wires in a "human" structure.

The craftsmanship is very complex, and the real thing is very exquisite.

Because they are made of gold and turquoise, they are very stable.

Even after more than a thousand years, this gold chain still retains the shape it was made back then, and even after erasing the dirt on it, the gold can still reflect the light!

Turquoise also shimmers with a dazzling blue-green!

"It seems that the Tuyuhun people, or the Tubo people, like turquoise very much!"

In addition to gold and silverware, the second most common thing found in the main burial chamber is turquoise.

There are such ornaments made of turquoise, as well as individual turquoise fragments.

Turquoise, although it is not very valuable in modern times, but in ancient times, especially in B.C., turquoise was widely loved by people all over the world.

In the history of ancient Persia, turquoise was considered to be a mystical object to ward off evil spirits and was made into amulets.

The Paleo-Indians regarded turquoise as a sacred stone, believing that wearing turquoise ornaments would be protected by the gods.

In the West, turquoise is also the birthstone of December, the zodiac stone of Sagittarius, which symbolizes success and victory.

Egypt, Persia, Aztec and other ancient countries once regarded turquoise as a gemstone with special and religious significance.

In China, in the Neolithic ruins, it is common to find a lot of ornaments made of turquoise, as well as ornaments.

Because of its natural turquoise, it is very in line with human aesthetics, and in the Neolithic era when the "color" was not rich, this good-looking stone would naturally be loved by the ancients.

However, after mankind mastered the smelting technology of bronze, iron, gold and silverware, and the manufacturing process of gold and silver became more and more excellent, turquoise gradually gave way to gold and silver from the most popular position.

Turquoise was the top class in the Spring and Autumn Period of China and the Warring States Period, and the jewelry made of it was very popular with the aristocracy.

In the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, turquoise has become a relatively rare decoration, replaced by more beautiful glass, agate and other things.

In the Himalayas, turquoise has always been a very important ornament for Tibetans, and even modern Tibetans still like to wear turquoise.

Turquoise and some other valuables were sewn directly onto women's dresses or children's hats.

Modern people who sell turquoise like to package it as related to Tibetan Buddhism, giving turquoise a mystical and religious color.

As the Tuyuhun people ruled by the Tibetan people in Tibet, they will inevitably be influenced by the Tubo culture's love of turquoise.

"It is estimated that there are still a lot of ornaments and cultural relics made of turquoise in this tomb." Lin Ya said with anticipation.