Sanxingdui site, there are a total of four phases of cultural layers.

The first period is the early accumulation, which belongs to the late Neolithic culture, that is, the earliest Neolithic civilization in the Sichuan Basin, which can be roughly the same period as the Dawenkou culture and Yangshao culture in the Central Plains.

The second phase of culture has entered the early bronze civilization, which is almost the stage of the existence of the Xia Dynasty.

The third period of culture is the middle bronze civilization, and the use of bronze has entered a mature stage, corresponding to the late Xia to early Shang stage in the Central Plains.

The fourth period of culture is also the middle bronze civilization, corresponding to the late Shang period to the early Zhou period!

From the distribution of cultural layers, it can be seen that the Sanxingdui civilization bred in the Sichuan Basin should be a locally developed culture.

Of course, in the process of development, Sanxingdui culture should have been cultured and integrated with the outside world.

In the Sanxingdui ruins, jade ritual vessels typical of the Yellow River basin culture have been found, as well as pottery styles in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

However, because Shu is far away from the Central Plains, it is a basin surrounded by mountains.

Therefore, the culture developed in Shu is more independent than that of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin!

The most characteristic is the bronze statues unearthed from the Sanxingdui site.

The "faces" on these bronze figures are basically very different from the humanoid images in the Central Plains culture.

So much so that many modern netizens once thought that the Sanxingdui site was left by aliens.

That's why their eyes are so big, and they look like aliens...

Of course, this claim is complete nonsense.

Through archaeological discoveries, it can be determined that the Sanxingdui culture is a native culture that originated from the earth.

It is only because people do not have too much intersection with the Central Plains culture that it seems to be very different from the style of cultural relics in the Yellow River Basin.

The Sanxingdui civilization itself is a very unique civilization with many unique artifacts.

And this particularity of civilization is mainly manifested in the unprecedented height of art.

In particular, some of the bronze shapes are unique and exquisite, and the casting technology is exquisite.

This civilization is full of human elements.

On the artifacts unearthed in the Central Plains during the same period, people are not the main body, but decorations.

Sanxingdui is different, it takes people as the main body and the blueprint for artistic creation, and gives full play to the romantic imagination of the ancient Shu Kingdom.

At that time, the Central Plains was an authoritarian and royal government.

The political system of the ancient Shu State is different, the dominant theocracy is more strong, and it is religion to maintain the operation of the country, so the bronze Dali people are likely to be the image of the highest level priests or sorcerers.

Because he is a priest or a sorcerer, he must show some "non-ordinary" characteristics in his image.

Therefore, these bronze figures, when they were made, were integrated into the romance of many ancient Shu people, and they exaggerated the production of these "priest" images with very large and convex eyes, which is a kind of abstract art.

It's not that the people of the ancient Shu country really look like this.

In fact, this can also be seen on the murals of some figures from the late Neolithic period in Europe to the early bronze culture.

Some of the sculptures of early European cultures and peoples, portraits, are also very abstract, so abstract that they look more like toads than people...

This kind of "abstract art" has always existed widely in early civilizations in all regions of the world, especially the more religious and cultural civilizations are, the more abstract they become.

Perhaps the people of the ancient Shu Kingdom are indeed a group of people with relatively big eyes, but they only have a pair of beautiful "big eyes", not to the extent of goldfish eyes.

The Sanxingdui site is very affirmed to be the site of Chinese culture and an inseparable part of Chinese civilization.

It is because although Sanxingdui culture has developed independently in Shudi, its culture itself has accepted the integration of many other branches of Chinese culture.

The cultural factors of its main body are local, and it has continuously absorbed a large number of foreign cultural factors.

Its bronze casting technology originated in the Central Plains during the Xia and Shang dynasties, from Erlitou to Yinxu, which were the core civilization areas.

Secondly, it also absorbed the production technology of rice planting and building city walls in the Shijiahe culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Some jade cong and cones are almost the same as those unearthed in Liangzhu, which is enough to judge that Sanxingdui was also influenced by Liangzhu culture.

The Qijia culture in the Ganqing region of northwest China also had a great influence on the final formation of Sanxingdui culture.

It can be said that openness and inclusiveness are one of the most prominent characteristics of Sanxingdui culture!

This is a local culture that developed in Shudi, but has not been separated from the influence of Chinese civilization from beginning to end!

We might as well understand it this way.

Sanxingdui is not a conformist civilization, it is like a naughty child, very individual.

Although the Central Plains region and the Yin Shang Dynasty had a great influence on it, it did not accept these cultures as a whole, but selectively absorbed them, and then reformed and innovated according to their own wishes, thus forming their own cultural characteristics.

It is also the "rebellion" of Sanxingdui culture that has left such a splendid legacy of civilization!

Over the past 100 years, the excavation of the Sanxingdui site has been carried out intermittently.

Although, in the Sanxingdui Museum established locally, the cultural relics on display are basically from the Shang Dynasty.

However, this does not mean that the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago was the origin of the Sanxingdui civilization.

In fact, the late Shang Dynasty was the prosperous period, or the peak period, of the Sanxingdui site and the Sanxingdui civilization.

After this peak, Sanxingdui culture suddenly disappeared mysteriously about 2,800 years ago.

As for how the Sanxingdui culture perished, archaeologists have various theories and arguments, and the reason cannot be determined for the time being.

But for the past of Sanxingdui culture, it has been almost studied.

Sanxingdui culture, especially the Sanxingdui site, not only contains the short period of a few hundred years of the Shang Dynasty, it lasted for a very long time.

Around 4600 years ago, the Baodun culture in the late Neolithic Age was the early ancient Shu civilization represented by the Sanxingdui culture.

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From then until the late Shu culture of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,600 years ago, it lasted for more than 2,000 years.

In the past 2,000 years, the ancient Shu civilization and its predecessors were conceived, born, developed, brilliant and declined here, which is basically a complete process of human development.

Except for how the Sanxingdui culture suddenly disappeared between 2600 and 2800 years ago, and then transitioned into the late Shu culture, there is no definite conclusion in the academic circles.

The other contexts about Sanxingdui culture are basically clear.

And now, Chen Han led seven or eight archaeological researchers from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences to embark on a plane to Sichuan, and will participate in the great mission of excavating the "past" of Sanxingdui civilization!