"The use of jade and the formation of related rituals are one of the important contributions of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to Chinese civilization!"

"The jade ritual system evolved from jade as a decoration, and in the middle and late stages of the Lingjiatan culture, there was already a complex phenomenon of jade use, as well as a ritual system that was still being perfected."

"In the process of burial of the tomb owner, there is a set of complex funeral etiquette, such as high-level tombs are paved with rows of stone adzes and chisels at the bottom of the coffin, and stone axes are stacked under the body and body, etc., and groups of jade are worn on the chest, and the outside of the coffin is accompanied by burial pottery, etc., and many utensils are also buried in pairs."

"However, Lingjiatan does not have a clear and standardized system in general, and the compatibility relationship between them is not very stable, and it is in a state of innovation and development."

"Since the early days of the Liangzhu culture, high-grade tombs have been dominated by burial jade, especially the types and quantities of high-level jade ritual vessels such as Cong, Bi, and Yue, forming a complete set of more complete etiquette with the use of jade as the core!"

"Jade cong, bi, huang, yue, all kinds of headdresses and handle ornaments, and the "gods, men, and beasts" created are all important parts of the ceremony. ”

"The jade has also become the scepter of the noble men, and the jade has become the symbol of the women."

"In addition to jade, the pottery assemblage in the burial goods is also more standardized."

"The whole set of rituals with jade as the core has become an important means of social governance in Liangzhu society!"

In the archaeological base of Liangzhu in Yuhang.

A seminar on Liangzhu culture is underway.

Experts from the Zhejiang Institute of Archaeology, who are responsible for the long-term study of Liangzhu culture, are giving lectures on the rostrum to the archaeologists who participated in the meeting and came from other places to help.

Chen Han, Kong Jianwen and other colleagues from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences also sat down and listened carefully.

Although, everyone is doing archaeology.

However, in fact, they have not personally participated in the excavation of the Liangzhu site, and their understanding of the Liangzhu site depends on their usual attention to the news of the Zhejiang Institute.

That is, purely by hobby.

Nowadays, Chinese archaeology is getting bigger and bigger, and it is becoming more and more subdivided.

It is normal for a person who studies Yinxu not to understand the archaeological details of Liangzhu.

Similarly, it is normal for a person who studies Liangzhu not to know much about the excavation of Yin Ruins.

Of course, as a professional archaeologist, even if you have a cursory understanding, it is much more professional than most ordinary people.

In the past, Chen Han's rough understanding was indeed enough, but now they have to personally participate in the archaeological excavation of Liangzhu.

Then you have to do some make-up lessons.

The content of the make-up course is also very simple, which is about the recent research results of Liangzhu.

When the time comes, I don't know if what I dig up is a big discovery or the result of a discovery.

"More importantly, since the Lingjiatan culture pioneered the era of jade innovation, all kinds of bizarre forms and styles of jade have gradually moved from diversified art to a standardized system."

"In the early days of the Liangzhu culture, a complete set of systems with standardized vessel types, standardized patterns, and standardized combinations had been formed, but the extremely complex patterns displayed on jade showed a ritual or religious system that controlled the operation of society with high-end artistic skills combined with special utensils."

"It is worth noting that the image of the dragon in the jade artifacts of the Liangzhu culture should be directly derived from the late Songze culture in the region, and show that it has a certain relationship with the Lingjiatan culture and the more distant Hongshan culture."

However, the worship of the "dragon" in the initial stage of the Liangzhu culture may have been independent of the god-man beast face pattern system, and the dragon image disappeared quickly, or it may have been integrated into the animal face image of the god emblem since then, and has not been inherited for a long time in the Liangzhu culture. ”

"Other animal images also declined and disappeared in the middle of the Liangzhu period, while the gods, men and beasts became the unified symbols of Liangzhu culture."

"In contrast, the image of a dragon and a bird is more permanent in the clay black pottery."

The experts on the stage are seriously talking about the source of Liangzhu's jade culture.

Lingjiatan Culture, one of the three major jade cultural centers in prehistory in China, is a Neolithic cultural site located in Lingjiatan Village, Tongzha Town, Hanshan County, AH Province.

With a total area of 1.6 million square meters, it was discovered in 1985.

The most shocking thing about Lingjiatan culture is that important relics such as tombs, altars, moats, and large red-burned clay blocks have been found here, and more than 3,000 pieces of jade, stoneware, pottery and other cultural relics have been unearthed.

Lingjiatan culture is famous for its jade culture reflected in a large number of jade artifacts with superb production skills and rich cultural connotations, and is known as "China's three major jade culture centers in prehistory" together with Hongshan culture and Liangzhu culture!

According to experts, the Lingjiatan culture in the AH region has an influence on the Liangzhu culture in the Zhejiang region.

After all, the two places are not far apart.

In addition, there is not much difference in the times between the two cultures.

However, the Lingjiatan culture did not deeply affect the Liangzhu culture, at least Liangzhu did not have the strong jade dragon culture worship of the Lingjiatan culture.

The jade production style of the Liangzhu people is obviously their own unique system of gods, men and beasts.

However, if jade artifacts such as jade dragons with symbols of "dragon culture" can be found in Liangzhu, the situation will be different.

That's why experts put a lot of emphasis on these.

It is hoped that the archaeological staff will not miss the "dragon", a key totem that has influenced Chinese civilization for thousands of years, in the next excavation work.

"As a result of social complexity, it has led to the severity of social stratification, and the resulting social changes are uneven in the entire lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Liangzhu culture eventually became the first ancient country in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and even the whole country to enter the civilized society."

"The royal power and military power were indiscriminate in the early stage of the Liangzhu culture, and may have appeared and gradually standardized at least in the middle period."

"The Liangzhu settlement group, with the Mojiaoshan palace or temple area as the core and the ancient city of Liangzhu as the focus, has formed a unified cognitive system with the face pattern of gods, men and beasts as the core pattern and the jade cong as the important carrier."

"The regional political and religious centers with strict layout, clear functions, and clear hierarchies, especially carved jade, may have been distributed outward from the Liangzhu settlement group during the heyday."

"Therefore, the Liangzhu settlement group is the political core of the entire Liangzhu culture."

"The construction of the super-large building complex, water conservancy system and city wall of Mojiao Mountain is far more than the manpower and material resources of a settlement group can bear."

"Many cemeteries are accompanied by a large number of exquisite jade objects, and the degree of specialization in their production has reached an extremely high level!"

"We guess that Liangzhu must have a mature handmade jade workshop!"

"This is also one of the priorities of our next archaeological work at the Liangzhu site!"

"Find the jade making workshop in the ancient country of Liangzhu!"